He Mokupuni, ka Moana a me ka Manaʻo i ka wā e hiki mai ana

ʻO ka ʻulaʻula o ʻOkakopa
Mahele 3: He Mokupuni, ka Moana a me ka Manaʻo i ka wā e hiki mai ana

na Mark J. Spalding

E like me kaʻu i kākau ai ma mua, ʻo ka hāʻule ʻana he wā paʻa no nā ʻaha kūkā a me nā hui ʻē aʻe. I loko o ka huakaʻi ʻeono pule, ua laki au i ka noho ʻana i kekahi mau lā ma Block Island, Rhode Island, e nānā ana i ka mahiʻai makani e holo nei, e aʻo hou aʻe e pili ana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana e pale aku i nā ʻoihana e like me ka Waste Transfer Station, post Hurricane Sandy a me nā ʻino ʻē aʻe. -e hoʻoulu ʻia, a me ka leʻaleʻa i nā wahi like ʻole o ka mokupuni i pale ʻia mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana a hāʻawi i nā hikes leʻaleʻa. 

Ua hoʻonoho ʻia ʻo Block Island e ka poʻe ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 1661. I loko o 60 mau makahiki, ua ʻoki ʻia ka hapa nui o nā ululāʻau no ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka wahie. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pōhaku glacial poepoe nui no nā pā pōhaku—e kū nei i kēia lā. Hāʻawi nā kula ākea i kahi noho ākea e kākoʻo i kekahi mau ʻano e like me nā larks. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka mokupuni kahi awa kūlohelohe no ka pale ʻana i nā waʻa nui, akā he lawaiʻa cod i uka a me ka nui o nā iʻa. Ma hope o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ke awa haʻihaʻi (Old Harbor) i ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19, ua mohala ʻo Block Island ma ke ʻano he huakaʻi kauwela, e kaena ana i nā hōkele wai kahiko. ʻO ka mokupuni kahi huakaʻi kaulana loa i ke kauwela, a hāʻawi i ka poʻe malihini kipa i ka hele wāwae, ka lawaiʻa, ka heʻenalu, ka holo kaʻa, a me ka hui ʻana i kahakai, ma waena o kāna mau mea hoihoi. He kanahā pakeneka o ka mokupuni i pale ʻia mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana, a ua wehe ʻia ka hapa nui o nā wahi kūlohelohe i ka lehulehu. ʻO ka heluna kanaka a puni ka makahiki ma kahi o 950 wale nō.

Mahalo i ko mākou mau hoa noho, ʻO ka Ocean View Foundation ʻO Kim Gaffett a me ka ʻO Rhode Island Natural History Survey's ʻO Kira Stillwell, ua hiki iaʻu ke aʻo hou aku e pili ana i nā kumuwaiwai kū hoʻokahi o ka mokupuni. I kēia mau lā ke hāʻawi nui nei nā māla i nā ʻōpala kahakai a me nā wahi noho paʻa, e hoʻololi ana i ka hui ʻana o nā manu noho a me nā manu lele. ʻO nā hua nui o ka mokupuni e hoʻohua ana i nā ʻōiwi e like me winterberry, pokeberry, a me ka wax myrtle, ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia nei e ka Japanese knotweed, Black Swallow-wort, a me nā kumu waina mile-a-minute (mai Asia Hikina).

I ka hāʻule ʻana, kū ka heluna o nā manu lele ma Block Island e hoʻomaha a hoʻopiha i ka wahie ma mua o ka hoʻomau ʻana i kā lākou huakaʻi i nā latitu hema loa. ʻO ka manawa pinepine, he mau kaukani mile ka mamao o ko lākou mau wahi ma Central a me ʻAmelika Hema. No nā makahiki he kanalima i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokipa kekahi ʻohana i kahi keʻena hui pū ma kahi kokoke i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Block Island, ʻaʻole mamao loa mai ka Clayhead Bluffs e hana ai i kahi hōʻailona koʻikoʻi ma ka holo ferry mai Point Judith. Ma ʻaneʻi, hopu ʻia nā manu lele i nā ʻupena noe, wehe mālie ʻia ma lalo o hoʻokahi hola ma hope, kaupaona ʻia, ana ʻia, kāʻei ʻia, a hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia. Ua noho ʻo Kim Gaffett i nā makahiki he mau makahiki ma ke kahua i ka pūnāwai a me ka hāʻule. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia manu ke kāʻei i hoʻolālā ʻia no ko lākou nui a me ke kaumaha, hoʻoholo ʻia kona kāne, hoʻoholo ʻia kona momona momona, ana ʻia ka lōʻihi o kona ʻēheu mai ka "kuʻekuʻe," a kaupaona ʻia. Nānā pū ʻo Kim i ka hui ʻana o ka iwi poʻo e hoʻoholo ai i ka makahiki o ka manu. Hoʻomaopopo pono kāna mea kōkua manawaleʻa ʻo Maggie i ka ʻikepili o kēlā me kēia manu. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā manu i mālama ʻia.  

ʻAʻole au i ʻike pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke hoʻohana pono i ke kāʻei, a i ʻole ke ana, a i ʻole ke kaupaona ʻana. Ua nele au i ka ʻike o Kim i ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka pae momona, no ka laʻana. Akā, ua ʻike ʻia, hauʻoli loa wau i ke kanaka nāna i kōkua i nā manu liʻiliʻi e hoʻi i ko lākou ala. I kēlā me kēia manawa, e like me ka hihia o hoʻokahi vireo ʻōpio, noho mālie ka manu ma luna o koʻu manamana lima, e nānā a puni, a e hoʻoholo paha i ka wikiwiki o ka makani, ma mua o ka lele ʻana - ʻo ka pae hohonu ʻana i ka ʻōpala ʻaneʻane wikiwiki loa. maka e hahai.  

E like me ka nui o nā kaiāulu kahakai, pilikia nā ʻōnaehana o Block Island i ka piʻi ʻana o ke kai a me ka ʻino maoli. Ma ke ʻano he mokupuni, ʻaʻole ia he koho, a pono e loaʻa nā mea ʻē aʻe no nā mea āpau mai ka hoʻokele ʻōpala, ka hoʻolālā alanui, a i ka ikehu. Ua kōkua ʻo Kim a me nā lālā ʻē aʻe o ke kaiāulu i ke alakaʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ke kūʻokoʻa ikehu o ka mokupuni—me ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka mahiʻai makani mua o US ma waho o ka ʻaoʻao hikina o ka mokupuni.  

ʻO ka hana a Kim a me kāna pūʻulu manawaleʻa e helu i nā manu lele, e like me ka hana a ka Ke Kula ʻImi ʻImi ʻAiola E kōkua ka hui raptor iā mākou e hoʻomaopopo hou aku i ka pilina ma waena o kēlā mau turbine a me ka neʻe ʻana o nā manu. Nui nā kaiāulu e pōmaikaʻi mai nā haʻawina i aʻo ʻia mai ke kaʻina hana a ke kaiāulu Block Island e hoʻokele nei i nā mea a pau mai kahi e hiki mai ai ka mana i uka, a i kahi e ku ai nā waʻa hana o ka mahiʻi makani, a i kahi e kūkulu ʻia ai ka hale hana. ʻO kā mākou mau hoa hana ma ka Island Institute ma Maine kekahi o ka poʻe i kaʻana like, a kōkua i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ke kaʻina hana.

Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Ocean Foundation, ma kahi ʻāpana, e kōkua i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā kumu waiwai i ka mālama ʻana i ke kai—mai ka ʻike a hiki i ke kālā a hiki i ka hiki i ke kanaka—a ʻo ka manawa ma Block Island i hoʻomanaʻo mai iā mākou e hoʻomaka ko mākou pilina me ke kai ma ka pae kūloko. No ke kū ʻana a nānā i waho i ka ʻAkelanika, a i ʻole hema i Montauk, a i ʻole hoʻi i ke kahakai ʻo Rhode Island e ʻike ai aia ʻoe ma kahi kūlana kūikawā. ʻO koʻu ʻaoʻao, ʻike wau ua laki nui wau a mahalo nui i koʻu aʻo ʻana i nā mea he nui i loko o ka manawa pōkole ma kahi mokupuni nani. 

Kiʻi 1: Block Island, Kiʻi 2: Mark J. Spalding e kōkua ana i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā manu kūloko