Ke pepehi nei kāu pale lā i nā koʻa?

Ke pepehi nei kāu pale lā i nā ʻākoʻa? ʻO ka pane paha, inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ʻike mua i ka sunscreen-reef savvy, ʻo ia. Ma hope o nā ʻumi makahiki o ka noiʻi ʻana e hoʻomohala i nā pale lā maikaʻi loa, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo nā kemika i hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia e pale iā ʻoe mai ka nui o nā kukuna ʻā a me ka maʻi ʻili hiki ke ʻona i nā ʻākoʻa. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi wale nō o kekahi mau mea kemika ua lawa ia e hoʻopaʻa ai i nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, e nalowale ana ko lākou punawai algal symbiotic a lilo i mea maʻalahi i nā maʻi maʻi.

Aia nā pale lā o kēia lā i ʻelua ʻāpana nui: ke kino a me ke kemika. Loaʻa i nā pale lā kino nā minerala liʻiliʻi e hana ana i pale e pale aku i nā kukuna o ka lā. Hoʻohana nā mea pale lā i nā pūhui synthetic e hoʻomoʻi i ke kukui UV ma mua o ka hiki ʻana i ka ʻili.

ʻO ka pilikia, holoi kēia mau pale i ka wai. No ka laʻana, no kēlā me kēia 10,000 malihini e leʻaleʻa ana i nā nalu, ma kahi o 4 kilokani o nā ʻāpana mineral e holoi i kahakai i kēlā me kēia lā.¹ He mea liʻiliʻi paha ia, akā ʻo kēia mau minerale e hoʻoikaika i ka hana ʻana o ka hydrogen peroxide, kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaulana, ma kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe e hoʻopōʻino i nā meaola kai kahakai.

ʻO kekahi o nā mea koʻikoʻi o ka nui o nā pale lā kemika ʻo ka oxybenzone, kahi mole synthetic i ʻike ʻia he mea ʻawaʻawa i nā ʻākoʻakoʻa, algae, urchins kai, iʻa a me nā mammals. ʻO kahi kulu hoʻokahi o kēia pūhui i ʻoi aku ma mua o 4 miliona mau galani wai ua lawa ia e hoʻoweliweli i nā meaola.

Ua manaʻo ʻia he 14,000 tons o ka pale lā e waiho ʻia i loko o ka moana i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka pōʻino nui loa i loaʻa ma nā wahi ʻāʻī kaulana e like me Hawaii a me ka Caribbean.

I ka makahiki 2015, ua noiʻi ʻo Haereticus Environmental Laboratory i ke kahakai ʻo Trunk Bay ma St. Ua manaʻo ʻia ma luna o 5,000 paona pale lā i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻāʻī i kēlā me kēia makahiki.

I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua ʻike ʻia he awelika o 412 paona pale lā i waiho ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā ma ka ʻāʻī ma Hanauma Bay, kahi huakaʻi snorkeling kaulana ma Oahu e huki ana i ka awelika o 2,600 mau mea ʻauʻau i ka lā.

Hiki i kekahi mau preservatives i loko o nā pale lā ke lilo i mea ʻawaʻawa i nā papa a me nā kānaka. ʻO nā parabens e like me ka methyl paraben a me ka butyl paraben he fungicides a me nā mea anti-bacterial e hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o kahi huahana. Ua hoʻohana mua ʻia ʻo Phenoxyethanol ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau iʻa.

ʻO ka ʻāina pae moku Pākīpika ʻo Palau ka ʻāina mua i pāpā i ka pale lā "reef-toxic". Hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ke kānāwai ma ʻOkakopa 2018, pāpā ke kānāwai i ke kūʻai ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sunscreen i loaʻa kekahi o nā mea i pāpā ʻia he 10, me ka oxybenzone. ʻO ka poʻe mākaʻikaʻi e lawe mai i ka pale lā i pāpā ʻia i ka ʻāina, e kāʻili ʻia, a ʻo nā ʻoihana e kūʻai aku ana i nā huahana e hoʻopaʻi ʻia a hiki i $1,000. E lilo ke kānāwai i ka makahiki 2020.

Ma ka lā 1 o Mei, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Hawaiʻi i ka bila e pāpā ana i ke kūʻai ʻana a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā pale lā i loaʻa i nā kinikona oxybenzone a me octinoxate. E hoʻokō ʻia nā lula hou no ka pale lā o Hawaiʻi i Ianuali 1, 2021.

NĀ HOʻOPIʻI: Pono ʻo Sunscreen i kou wahi hoʻomaha hope loa

Hiki i nā lole, e like me nā pālule, nā pāpale, nā pālule, ke pale i kou ʻili mai ka pōʻino o nā kukuna UV. Hiki i ka umbrella ke pale aku iā ʻoe mai nā sunburns ʻino. E hoʻolālā i kou lā a puni ka lā. E hele i waho i ke kakahiaka nui a i ke ahiahi paha ke emi ka lā i ka lewa.

Akā inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i kēlā ʻeleʻele, pehea e hana ai i ka maze pale lā?

ʻO ka mua, poina i nā aerosol. ʻO nā mea kemika i kipaku ʻia he microscopic, inhaled i loko o ka māmā, a hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ke kaiapuni.

ʻO ka lua, e noʻonoʻo i nā huahana i loaʻa i nā sunblock mineral me ka zinc oxide a me ka titanium dioxide. Pono lākou he "non-nano" i ka nui e manaʻo ʻia he palekana-papa. Inā aia lākou ma lalo o 100 nanometer, hiki ke ʻai ʻia nā ʻaila e nā ʻākoʻa. E nānā pū i ka papa inoa o nā meaʻai no kekahi o nā preservatives i ʻōlelo ʻia.

ʻO ke kolu, e kipa i ka pūnaewele o ʻO ka 'Aha Kūkākūkā Palekana. He hui hui kēia o nā ʻoihana me ka mikiona like e aʻo i kēia pilikia, e hoʻonui i ka ʻike i loko o ka ʻoihana mālama ʻili a me nā mea kūʻai aku a kākoʻo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea palekana no ka poʻe a me ka honua.

¹ʻEhā kilokani ma kahi o 9 paona a ua like ia me ke kaumaha o kāu ham hoʻomaha a i ʻole ka pipi.