Ka pale ʻana i nā mea i ʻike ʻia a me nā mea ʻike ʻole: ke kai Sargasso

Mea kākau: Mark J. Spalding

Ua haʻi ka puke hou o New Scientist i ka "eels spawning" ma ke ʻano he 11 mau mea a mākou i ʻike ai e ola nei, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike maoli. He ʻoiaʻiʻo - ʻaʻole ʻike nui ʻia ke kumu a me ka nui o nā ʻano neʻe o nā ʻeleʻele ʻAmelika a me ʻEulopa a hiki i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pēpē pēpē (elvers) ma nā nuku o nā kahawai ʻākau i kēlā me kēia pūnāwai. ʻO ka hapa nui o ko lākou pōʻaiapili ola e pāʻani ana ma luna o ka ʻike kanaka. ʻO ka mea a mākou e ʻike ai, no kēia mau ʻeli, e like me nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo ke Kai Sargasso kahi e pono ai lākou e ulu.

Mai Malaki 20 a 22nd, ua hui ka Sargasso Sea Commission ma Key West, Florida ma NOAA Eco-Discovery Center ma laila. ʻO kēia ka manawa mua i hui pū ai nā Komisina a pau mai ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā komisina hou loa (me aʻu pū kekahi) i ka mahina o Kepakemapa i hala.

No laila he aha ka Komisina kai Sargasso? Ua hana ʻia e ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo Malaki 2014 "Hamilton Declaration," nāna i hoʻokumu i ke koʻikoʻi kaiaola a me ke olaola o ke Kai Sargasso. Ua hōʻike pū ka ʻōlelo hoʻolaha i ka manaʻo e pono ke kai ʻo Sargasso i ka hoʻokele kūikawā e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana ʻoiai ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mea ma waho o nā palena o ka mana o kēlā me kēia lāhui.

Aia ʻo Key West ma ke ʻano hoʻomaha pūnāwai piha, i hana ʻia no nā poʻe maikaʻi e nānā ana i ko mākou huakaʻi hoʻi a i waho i ke kikowaena NOAA. I loko o kā mākou mau hālāwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o kā mākou nānā ʻana i kēia mau pilikia nui ma mua o ka pale lā a me ka margaritas.

1. ʻO ka mua, ʻaʻohe kahakai ʻo Sargasso Sea he 2 miliona square mile e wehewehe i kona mau palena (a no laila ʻaʻohe kaiāulu kahakai e pale aku iā ia). ʻAʻole ka palapala ʻāina o ke Kai i ka EEZ o Bermuda (ka ʻāina kokoke loa), a no laila aia ma waho o ka mana o kekahi ʻāina i ka mea a mākou i kapa ai he kai kiʻekiʻe.
2. ʻO ka lua, me ka nele i nā palena ʻāina, ua wehewehe ʻia ke Kai Sargasso e nā au e hoʻoulu ai i ka gyre, i loko o ka nui o ke ola kai ma lalo o nā moena o ka sargassum lana. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, kōkua ka gyre hoʻokahi i ka pahele i nā palaka a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe e hoʻopilikia i nā ʻele, iʻa, honu, pāpaʻi, a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe e noho ana ma laila.
3. ʻO ke kolu, ʻaʻole maopopo loa ke Kai, ma ka ʻaoʻao aupuni a i ʻole ka ʻike ʻepekema, ʻaʻole i ʻike nui ʻia i kona koʻikoʻi i ka lawaiʻa a me nā lawelawe kai ʻē aʻe ma kahi mamao.

ʻO ka papahana a ke Komisina no kēia hālāwai, ʻo ia ka nānā ʻana i nā hana a ka Secretariat for the Commission, e hoʻolohe i kekahi o nā noiʻi hou loa e pili ana i ke Kai Sargasso, a e hoʻonohonoho i nā mea nui no ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.

Ua hoʻomaka ka hālāwai me ka hoʻolauna ʻana i kahi papahana palapala ʻāina i kapa ʻia ʻo COVERAGE (CONVERAGE is CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites) Ocean VAriable Ahoonohonoho ana Research a Application no GEO (Group on Earth Observations) i hui pū ʻia e NASA a me ka Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL CalTech). Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo COVERAGE e hoʻohui i nā ʻike satellite āpau e like me ka makani, nā au, ka mahana o ka ʻilikai a me ka paʻakai, ka chlorophyll, ka waihoʻoluʻu etc. ʻIke ʻia he mea hoʻohana maikaʻi loa ka interface a loaʻa iā mākou ma ke Komisina e hoʻāʻo i ka hoʻokele ma kahi o 3 mahina. Ke ʻimi nei nā ʻepekema NASA a me JPL i kā mākou ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e pili ana i nā hoʻonohonoho ʻikepili a mākou e makemake ai e ʻike a hiki ke uhi ʻia me ka ʻike i loaʻa mai nā mākaʻikaʻi satellite a NASA. ʻO nā laʻana, ʻo ia ka nānā ʻana i ka moku a me ka nānā ʻana i nā holoholona i kau ʻia. Ua loaʻa i ka ʻoihana lawaiʻa, ʻoihana ʻaila a me ke kinoea, a me ke keʻena pale e kōkua iā lākou e hoʻokō i kā lākou mau mikiona, no laila ʻo kēia mea hana hou no nā mea hana kulekele, a me nā luna waiwai kūlohelohe.

Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke Komisina a me nā ʻepekema NASA/JPL i nā hālāwai like a no kā mākou ʻaoʻao, ua hoʻomaka mākou me ka ʻae ʻana i nā pahuhopu o kā mākou Komisina:

• ka hoʻomaopopo mau ʻana i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaiaola a me ke olaola o ke Kai Sargasso;
• ka paipai ʻana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema e hoʻomaopopo maikaʻi i ke Kai Sargasso; a
• e hoʻomohala i nā manaʻo e waiho i nā hui honua, kūloko a me nā sub-regional i mea e hoʻonui ai i nā pahuhopu o ka Hamilton Declaration.

A laila, nānā mākou i ke kūlana o nā ʻāpana like ʻole o kā mākou papahana hana, me:

• koʻikoʻi kaiaola a me nā hana koʻikoʻi
• nā hana lawaiʻa i mua o ka International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT) a me Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization
• nā hana moku, me nā mea i mua o ka International Maritime Organization
• nā uwea i lalo o ke kai a me nā hana eli kai, me nā mea i mua o ka International Seabed Authority
• nā hoʻolālā hoʻokele ʻano ʻano lele, me nā mea i mua o ka Convention on Migratory Species and Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
• a ʻo ka hope ke kuleana o ka hoʻokele ʻikepili a me ka ʻike, a pehea e hoʻohui ʻia ai i nā papahana hoʻokele

Ua noʻonoʻo ke Komisina i nā kumuhana hou, e komo pū ana i ka pollution plastic a me nā ʻōpala kai i loko o ka gyre e wehewehe ana i ke Kai Sargasso; a me ke kuleana o ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā ʻōnaehana kai e pili ana i ke ala o ke Kai Kai a me nā au nui ʻē aʻe i kapa ʻia ʻo Sargasso Sea.

He mau makahiki o ka ʻikepili mai ka ʻAhahui Hoʻonaʻauao Kai (WHOI) mai nā trawls e hōʻiliʻili a nānā i ka pollution plastic ma ke Kai Sargasso. Hōʻike ka nānā mua ʻana i ka hapa nui o kēia ʻōpala mai nā moku a ʻaʻole i hoʻokō pono i ka MARPOL (International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships) ma mua o nā kumu hoʻohaumia moana.

Ma ke ʻano he EBSA (Ecologically or Biologically Significant Marine Area), pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ke Kai Sargasso kahi noho koʻikoʻi no nā ʻano pelagic (me nā kumuwaiwai lawaiʻa). Me kēia noʻonoʻo, ua kūkākūkā mākou i ka pōʻaiapili o kā mākou mau pahuhopu a me ka hoʻolālā hana e pili ana i ka UN General Assembly's Resolution e alualu i kahi hui hou e pili ana i ka biodiversity ma waho aʻe o ka mana aupuni (no ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o ke kai kiʻekiʻe). Ma kahi hapa o kā mākou kūkākūkā, ua hāpai mākou i nā nīnau e pili ana i ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻapaʻa ma waena o nā komisina, inā e hoʻonohonoho ke Komisina o ke Kai Sargasso i kahi ana hoʻomalu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumu hoʻomalu a ma muli o nā hana maikaʻi loa i ʻike ʻia i ka ʻepekema no ka hana ma ke Kai. Aia kekahi mau ʻoihana e pili ana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ke kai kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o kēia mau ʻoihana a ʻaʻole paha e nānā pono i nā kai kiʻekiʻe ma ka laulā, a i ʻole ke kai Sargasso.

I ka hui ʻana o mākou ma ke komisina me nā ʻepekema, ua ʻae mākou i ka manaʻo nui no ka hui pū ʻana me ka launa pū ʻana o nā moku a me ka sargassum, ka hana holoholona a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke Kai Sargasso, a me ka paʻi ʻana o ka lawaiʻa e pili ana i ka moana kino a me ke kemika i ka moana. Kai. Ua hōʻike pū mākou i ka hoihoi nui i nā plastics a me nā ʻōpala moana, a me ke kuleana o ke Kai Sargasso i nā pōʻai wai hydrological a me ke aniau.

Hoʻohanohano wau i ka lawelawe ʻana ma kēia komisina me nā poʻe noʻonoʻo. A ke kaʻana nei au i ka ʻike a Kauka Sylvia Earle e hiki ke pale ʻia ke Kai Sargasso, pono e pale ʻia, a e pale ʻia. ʻO ka mea e pono ai mākou he hoʻolālā honua no nā wahi palekana moana ma nā wahi o ka moana ma waho o nā mana aupuni. Pono kēia i ka launa pū ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia mau wahi, i mea e hōʻemi ai mākou i ka hopena a hōʻoia i kēia mau waiwai hilinaʻi lehulehu e pili ana i nā kānaka āpau. Ke hilinaʻi nei nā pēpē ʻeli a me nā honu kai. A pēlā nō mākou.