Pleev Pleev Pleev: Yuav ua li cas txog kev tsis txaus ntawm cov xuab zeb thoob ntiaj teb?

Thaum koj tawm mus rau lub puam uas koj xaiv lub caij ntuj sov no, nco ntsoov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub puam: xuab zeb. Xuab zeb yog ib yam uas peb xav tias muaj ntau; nws npog ntug hiav txwv dej thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab nws yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov suab puam. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tag nrho cov xuab zeb tsim muaj vaj huam sib luag thiab raws li lub ntiaj teb cov pej xeem tseem loj tuaj, peb xav tau cov xuab zeb nce ntxiv. Yog li nws tau dhau los ua kom pom tseeb tias cov xuab zeb yog ib qho peev txheej kawg. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau muab tus nqi ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm cov xuab zeb ntawm koj cov ntiv taw los yog tsim lub tsev sandcastle, thiab tsis ntev peb yuav tau ua raws li lub ntiaj teb cov xuab zeb khoom siv maj mam dwindle.   

Xuab zeb yog qhov tiag tiag cov peev txheej uas peb siv tshaj plaws tom qab huab cua thiab dej. Nws yog nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua yam. Piv txwv li, lub tsev koj zaum zaum hauv tam sim no feem ntau yuav ua nrog pob zeb, uas feem ntau yog xuab zeb thiab pob zeb. Txoj kev yog ua los ntawm pob zeb. Lub qhov rais iav thiab txawm tias ib feem ntawm koj lub xov tooj kuj yog ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb yaj. Yav dhau los, cov xuab zeb tau ua ib qho chaw sib koom ua ke, tab sis tam sim no tau muaj kev tsis txaus nyob rau qee qhov chaw, kev tswj hwm tau nce ntxiv.

Xuab zeb tau dhau los ua ib qho khoom lag luam ntau dua thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Thiab yog li ntawd nws tau dhau los ua kim dua.

Yog li tag nrho cov xuab zeb no nyob qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas peb tuaj yeem khiav tawm? Xuab zeb feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv roob; roob tau hnav los ntawm cua thiab los nag, poob loj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm me me dislodged hais. Ntau txhiab xyoo dhau los, cov dej ntws tau nqa cov khoom no los ntawm cov toj roob hauv pes thiab tsim cov pob zeb ntawm lossis ze qhov chaw uas lawv ntsib dej hiav txwv (los yog pas dej) ua qhov peb pom zoo li cov xuab zeb dunes thiab puam.   

Duab Credit: Josh Withers / Unsplash

Tam sim no, peb lub nroog tau nthuav dav ntawm tus nqi uas tsis tau muaj dua los thiab cov nroog tau siv cov cement ntau dua li yav dhau los. Piv txwv li, Tuam Tshoj tau siv ntau cov cement nyob rau hauv ob peb xyoos dhau los tshaj li Tebchaws Meskas siv nyob rau hauv tag nrho lub xyoo pua 20th. Singapore tau dhau los ua tus neeg xa khoom loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws tau ntxiv 130 square kilometers rau nws thaj av ntau tshaj 40 xyoo. Txhua lub tebchaws tshiab tuaj qhov twg los? Muab cov xuab zeb pov tseg rau hauv dej hiav txwv. Kuj tseem muaj cov xuab zeb tshwj xeeb uas tuaj yeem siv rau pob zeb thiab lwm hom tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau tib neeg kev ua ub no. Cov xuab zeb zoo uas koj yuav pom hauv Sahara Desert tsis tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws los nrhiav cov xuab zeb rau pob zeb yog cov ntug dej hiav txwv thiab ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Qhov kev thov rau cov xuab zeb yog ua rau peb tshem tawm cov dej hauv qab, ntug hiav txwv dej, hav zoov, thiab ua liaj ua teb kom thiaj li tau txais cov xuab zeb. Kev ua txhaum cai tau raug coj mus rau qee qhov chaw.

United Nations Environment Program tau kwv yees tias xyoo 2012, lub ntiaj teb siv ze li ntawm 30 billion tons ntawm xuab zeb thiab pob zeb los ua pob zeb.

Qhov ntawd yog cov xuab zeb txaus los tsim phab ntsa uas siab 27 meters thiab 27 meters dav nyob ib ncig ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab! Kev lag luam tus nqi ntawm cov xuab zeb yog kwv yees li 25 npaug ntawm qhov nws tau 24 xyoo dhau los thiab hauv Asmeskas, cov xuab zeb ntau lawm tau nce 5% hauv 2020 xyoo dhau los. Muaj kev ua phem rau cov xuab zeb hauv qhov chaw xws li Is Nrias teb, Kenya, Indonesia, Tuam Tshoj, thiab Nyab Laj. Xuab zeb mafias thiab cov xuab zeb tsis raug cai tau dhau los tshwj xeeb hauv cov tebchaws uas tsis muaj kev tswj hwm thiab kev noj nyiaj txiag. Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm Nyab Laj Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tsim Kho Khoom Siv, lub tebchaws yuav khiav tawm ntawm cov xuab zeb los ntawm xyoo XNUMX. 

Sand mining tau siv ntau dua thoob ntiaj teb. Sand mines yog qhov tseem ceeb loj dredges uas yuav rub cov xuab zeb tawm ntawm lub puam. Thaum kawg, tib neeg pib paub tias cov mines tau rhuav tshem cov ntug hiav txwv dej thiab cov mines maj mam pib kaw. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm hais tias, xuab zeb tseem yog cov khoom siv mined tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Xuab zeb thiab pob zeb muaj txog li 85% ntawm txhua yam mined thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo. Qhov kawg ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv xuab zeb tseem nyob hauv Asmeskas yuav kaw rau xyoo 2020.

Sand Mining

Dredging rau xuab zeb, uas yog nqa tawm hauv qab dej, yog lwm txoj hauv kev uas cov xuab zeb txav ntawm ib qho mus rau lwm qhov. Feem ntau cov xuab zeb no yog siv rau "kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ntug hiav txwv," uas ntxiv cov xuab zeb uas tau ploj mus hauv thaj chaw los ntawm ntug hiav txwv ntev, yaig, lossis lwm qhov chaw ntawm avulsion. Puam re-nourishment yog teeb meem nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw vim hais tias ntawm tus nqi tag los nrog nws thiab qhov tseeb hais tias nws yog ib ntus kho. Piv txwv li, Bathtub Beach hauv Martin County, Florida tau muaj cov khoom noj zoo kawg nkaus. Hauv ob xyoos dhau los, ntau dua $ 6 lab tau siv rau kev rov noj zaub mov thiab kho dunes ntawm Bathtub Beach ib leeg. Cov duab los ntawm lub puam qee zaum qhia cov xuab zeb tshiab ploj ntawm lub puam hauv 24 teev (saib hauv qab). 

Puas muaj kev kho rau qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov xuab zeb no? Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, tib neeg tau tso siab rau cov xuab zeb kom tsis txhob siv tag nrho. Ib lo lus teb tuaj yeem yog siv cov xuab zeb. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj ib lub tsev qub qub uas tsis tau siv los yog raug hloov lawm, koj tuaj yeem tsoo cov pob zeb thiab siv los ua "tshiab" pob zeb. Tau kawg, muaj qhov tsis zoo los ua qhov no: nws tuaj yeem kim thiab pob zeb uas twb tau siv tsis zoo li siv cov xuab zeb tshiab. Asphalt kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv dua thiab siv los ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau qee qhov kev siv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm yam kev hloov pauv rau cov xuab zeb suav nrog kev tsim vaj tsev nrog ntoo thiab straw, tab sis nws tsis zoo li cov no yuav nrov dua li pob zeb. 

Duab Credit: Bogomil Mihaylo / Unsplash

Hauv xyoo 2014, Tebchaws Askiv tau tswj hwm rov ua dua 28% ntawm nws cov khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab los ntawm 2025, EU npaj yuav rov ua dua 75% ntawm cov khoom siv iav, uas yuav tsum pab txo qis qhov kev thov rau cov xuab zeb. Singapore npaj yuav siv lub tshuab dykes thiab twj tso kua mis rau nws qhov project reclamation tom ntej kom nws tsis tshua muaj nyob ntawm cov xuab zeb. Cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov kws tsim qauv tab tom nrhiav kev ua vaj tse, thiab cia siab tias lub sijhawm no, kev rov ua dua ntau ntawm peb cov khoom siv xuab zeb yuav pab txo qhov kev thov rau cov xuab zeb. 

Xuab zeb extraction, mining, thiab dredging tag nrho tau txuas nrog kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig tsis zoo. Piv txwv li, hauv Kenya, cov xuab zeb rho tawm tau txuas nrog kev puas tsuaj rau coral reefs. Hauv Is Nrias teb, kev tshem tawm cov xuab zeb tau ua rau muaj kev phom sij txaus ntshai rau cov khej. Hauv Indonesia, cov kob tau ploj mus los ntawm kev khawb av ntau dhau.

Kev tshem cov xuab zeb los ntawm ib cheeb tsam tuaj yeem ua rau cov ntug dej hiav txwv yaig, ua kom puas tsuaj, ua kom muaj kab mob sib kis, thiab ua rau thaj chaw muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua.

Qhov no tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov chaw xws li Sri Lanka, qhov kev tshawb fawb pom tau tias vim hais tias ntawm cov xuab zeb mining uas tshwm sim ua ntej 2004 tsunami, cov nthwv dej tau muaj kev puas tsuaj ntau dua li qhov lawv xav tau yog tias tsis muaj xuab zeb mining. Nyob rau hauv Dubai, dredging tsim choking underwater sandstorms, uas tua cov kab mob, rhuav tshem coral reefs, hloov cov qauv ntawm cov dej ncig, thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau tuag taus cov tsiaj xws li ntses los ntawm clogging lawv gills. 

Tsis muaj kev cia siab tias peb lub ntiaj teb txoj kev xav ntawm cov xuab zeb yuav nres cov qaib ntxhw txias, tab sis nws tsis tas yuav tsum nres. Peb tsuas yog yuav tsum kawm kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev rho tawm thiab rov qab los. Cov qauv kev tsim kho yuav tsum tau tsa kom ntev lub neej ntawm lub tsev, thiab ntau li ntau cov khoom siv hauv tsev yuav tsum tau rov ua dua tshiab. Xuab zeb yuav ploj mus ntxiv thaum peb cov pej xeem loj hlob thiab ua rau peb lub nroog. Paub txog qhov teeb meem yog thawj kauj ruam. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cov khoom xuab zeb, rov ua dua tshiab, thiab tshawb nrhiav lwm yam khoom uas tuaj yeem coj qhov chaw ntawm xuab zeb. Peb tsis tas yuav tawm tsam kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau, tab sis peb yuav tsum hloov peb cov kev tawm tsam. 

Qhov chaw

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