Ua Koj Lub Suab Hnov & Tiv Thaiv Peb Cov Nkoj Marine National Monuments

Thaum cov neeg Amelikas ua kev zoo siab rau National Ocean Month nyob rau lub Rau Hli thiab siv lub caij ntuj sov los yog ze ntawm dej, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam tau pib thov cov lus tshaj tawm rau pej xeem los tshuaj xyuas ntau ntawm peb lub tebchaws tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kev txuag dej hiav txwv. Kev tshuaj xyuas tuaj yeem ua rau txo qhov loj me rau 11 ntawm peb cov chaw nyob hauv hiav txwv thiab cov monuments. Kev txiav txim los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm Trump, qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no yuav tsom mus rau kev tsim thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov chaw ruaj khov thiab cov chaw hauv hiav txwv txij thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 28, 2007.

Los ntawm New England mus rau California, kwv yees li 425,000,000 acres ntawm submerged av, dej, thiab ntug dej hiav txwv muaj kev pheej hmoo.

National Marine Monuments thiab National Marine Sanctuaries zoo ib yam li lawv yog ob qho tib si marine tiv thaiv thaj chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw teev ntuj thiab cov monuments raug xaiv thiab cov cai raws li lawv tau tsim. National Marine Monuments feem ntau yog tswj hwm los ntawm ntau lub koomhaum tseemfwv, xws li National Oceanic thiab Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), lossis Department of Interior, piv txwv li. National Marine Sanctuaries raug xaiv los ntawm NOAA lossis Congress thiab tswj hwm los ntawm NOAA.

Marine National Monument Program thiab National Marine Sanctuary Program siv zog ua kom nkag siab thiab tiv thaiv tej yam ntuj tso thiab kab lis kev cai los ntawm kev txhim kho hauv kev tshawb nrhiav, kev tshawb fawb, thiab kev kawm rau pej xeem txog qhov muaj nqis ntawm cov cheeb tsam no. Nrog lub monument los yog sanctuary designation, cov marine ib puag ncig tau txais kev lees paub siab thiab kev tiv thaiv. Marine National Monument Program thiab National Marine Sanctuary Program koom tes nrog tsoomfwv thiab cov neeg koom nrog hauv cheeb tsam thiab cov neeg koom tes txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov peev txheej marine zoo tshaj plaws hauv cov cheeb tsam no. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 130 qhov chaw tiv thaiv hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas uas tau sau npe tias yog lub teb chaws monuments. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov no yog cov monuments hauv av. Thawj Tswj Hwm thiab Congress muaj peev xwm tsim tau ib lub teb chaws monument. Raws li 13 National Marine Sanctuaries, cov no tau tsim los ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm, Congress, lossis Tus Tuav Ntaub Ntawv ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam. Cov tswv cuab ntawm cov pej xeem tuaj yeem xaiv tsa thaj chaw rau kev xaiv chaw dawb huv.

Ob peb ntawm peb cov Thawj Tswj Hwm yav dhau los los ntawm ob tog nom tswv tau tso cai kev tiv thaiv rau cov kab lis kev cai tshwj xeeb, keeb kwm, thiab cov chaw hauv hiav txwv. Thaum Lub Rau Hli Ntuj xyoo 2006, Thawj Tswj Hwm George W. Bush tau xaiv Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Bush tau coj lub nthwv dej tshiab ntawm kev txuag dej hiav txwv. Raws li nws cov thawj coj, ob lub chaw dawb huv kuj tau nthuav dav: Channel Islands thiab Monterey Bay hauv California. Thawj Tswj Hwm Obama tau nthuav tawm plaub lub chaw dawb huv: Cordell Bank thiab Greater Farallones hauv California, Thunder Bay hauv Michigan thiab National Marine Sanctuary ntawm American Samoa. Ua ntej tawm hauv chaw ua haujlwm, Obama tsis tsuas yog nthuav dav Papahānaumokuākea thiab Pacific Remote Islands monuments, tab sis kuj tau tsim thawj National Marine Monument nyob rau hauv Dej Hiav Txwv Atlantic thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 2016: Northeast Canyons thiab Seamounts.

Tub rog ntses | Baker Island

Lub Northeast Canyons thiab Seamounts Marine National Monument, yog 4,913 square mais, thiab muaj canyons, corals, volcanoes uas ploj lawm, cov phev whales, hiav txwv vaub kib, thiab lwm yam tsiaj tsis tshua pom nyob rau lwm qhov. Cov cheeb tsam no yog unexploited los ntawm kev lag luam nuv ntses, mining, los yog drilling. Hauv Pacific, plaub lub monuments, Mariana's Trench, Pacific Remote Islands, Rose Atoll, thiab Papahānaumokuākea encompass tshaj 330,000 square mais ntawm dej. Raws li rau marine sanctuaries, National Marine Sanctuary System ua rau ntau tshaj 783,000 square mais.

Ib qho ntawm ntau qhov laj thawj uas cov monuments tseem ceeb yog lawv ua raws li "tiv thaiv reservoirs ntawm resilience”. Raws li kev hloov pauv huab cua yuav dhau los ua teeb meem nyuaj, nws yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb kom muaj cov dej pov tseg tiv thaiv no. Los ntawm kev tsim lub teb chaws monuments, Teb Chaws Asmeskas yog tiv thaiv cov cheeb tsam uas yog ecologically rhiab heev. Thiab kev tiv thaiv cov cheeb tsam no xa cov lus hais tias thaum peb tiv thaiv dej hiav txwv, peb tiv thaiv peb cov zaub mov ruaj ntseg, peb kev lag luam, peb kev ua si, peb cov zej zog ntug hiav txwv, thiab lwm yam.

Saib hauv qab no ntawm qee qhov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm Asmeskas cov chaw ua si xiav uas raug hem los ntawm qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no. Thiab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, xa koj cov lus hnub no thiab tiv thaiv peb cov khoom muaj nqis hauv qab dej. Cov lus hais yuav dhau los ntawm Lub Yim Hli 15.

Papahānaumokuākea

​

Qhov no tej thaj chaw deb monument yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no - encompassing ze li ntawm 583,000 square mais ntawm Pacific Dej hiav txwv. Ntau coral reefs nyiam ntau dua 7,000 hom marine xws li cov vaub kib ntsuab thiab Hawaiian tus vaj ntxwv foob.
Northeast Canyons thiab Seamounts

Kev ncab kwv yees li 4,900 square mais - tsis loj dua lub xeev Connecticut - lub monument no muaj ib txoj hlua ntawm cov hav dej hauv qab dej. Nws yog lub tsev rau ntau pua xyoo qub coral zoo li dej hiav txwv dub coral yos rov qab 4,000 xyoo.
Channel Islands

Nyob rau ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv California yog ib qho khoom muaj nqis archaeological uas muaj keeb kwm dej hiav txwv tob thiab zoo kawg li biodiversity. Lub chaw dawb huv marine no yog ib lub tiaj ua si xiav xiav tshaj plaws, uas npog thaj tsam 1,490 square mais ntawm dej - muab chaw pub rau cov tsiaj qus xws li grey whales.

Duab Credit: NOAA, US Fish and Wildlife Services, Wikipedia