Tiv thaiv cov av ntub dej thoob plaws ntiaj teb, Tom qab ntawd thiab tam sim no: Ramsar Convention

los ntawm Lukas Txwj Laug
Sabine Wetlands Taug kev, Hackberry, Louisiana (Duab los ntawm Louisiana Tourism Qhov Chaw & Txheej Txheem - Peter A Mayer Advertising / Assoc. Creative Director: Neil Landry; Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj: Fran McManus & Lisa Costa; Art Production: Janet Riehlmann)
Sabine Wetlands Taug kev, Hackberry, Louisiana (Duab los ntawm Louisiana Tourism Qhov Chaw & Txheej Txheem - Peter A Mayer Advertising / Assoc. Creative Director: Neil Landry; Tus Thawj Coj Tus Thawj Coj: Fran McManus & Lisa Costa; Art Production: Janet Riehlmann)

Txhua xyoo, cov zej zog nyob rau ntug hiav txwv txhawj xeeb saib cov kev kwv yees rau qhov yuav los txog rau cua daj cua dub - hu ua cua daj cua dub lossis cua daj cua dub thaum lawv loj tuaj, nyob ntawm seb lawv nyob qhov twg. Thaum cov cua daj cua dub tuaj txog hauv av, raws li nag xob nag cua Isaac tau ua thaum lub hli tas los, cov zej zog hauv txoj kev ntawm cua daj cua dub tau ceeb toom txog qhov muaj nqis ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, hav zoov, thiab lwm qhov chaw nyob hauv kev tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm qhov phem tshaj ntawm cov cua daj cua dub.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub no ntawm kev nce dej hiav txwv thiab huab cua sov, cov av ntub dej thiab cov av ntub dej ecosystem yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab txo qis. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov av ntub dej yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam, kev tshawb fawb, thiab kev ua si muaj nqis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ecosystems no tab tom ntsib kev puas tsuaj thiab kev puas tsuaj.
RAMSARNws tuaj yeem hloov tsis tau rau cov av ntub dej los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov av ntub dej los ntawm thaj av, thiab kev yaig ntawm cov av ntub dej los ntawm cov dej vim yog kev tsim cov dej thiab lwm yam dej num. Tsuas yog 40 xyoo dhau los, cov teb chaws tuaj koom ua ke kom paub txog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov av ntub dej thiab thaj chaw nyob ze, thiab tsim lub hauv paus rau kev tiv thaiv lawv. Ramsar Convention yog ib daim ntawv cog lus thoob ntiaj teb uas tsim los pab tiv thaiv qhov kev cuam tshuam no, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa kev tsim kho, kho dua tshiab, thiab txuag cov av ntub dej thoob ntiaj teb. Ramsar Convention tiv thaiv cov av ntub dej rau lawv cov haujlwm ecological thiab cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb, xws li kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm dej thiab cov chaw nyob uas lawv muab rau biodiversity los ntawm qib ecosystem mus txog rau qib hom.
Thawj Cov Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Cov Dej Nkoj tau tuav hauv Iranian nroog Ramsar hauv 1971. Los ntawm 1975, Lub Rooj Sib Tham tau muaj zog, muab lub hauv paus rau lub tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb kev nqis tes ua thiab kev koom tes rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kev saib xyuas cov hav dej thiab lawv cov peev txheej thiab kev pabcuam. . Ramsar Convention yog ib qho kev cog lus ntawm tsoomfwv uas cog lus rau nws cov tswvcuab hauv lub tebchaws kom tswj hwm kev ncaj ncees ntawm qee qhov chaw ntub dej thiab tswj xyuas kev siv cov av ntub dej kom ruaj khov. Lub rooj sib tham lub hom phiaj nqe lus tshaj tawm yog "kev txuag thiab kev siv zoo ntawm tag nrho cov av ntub dej los ntawm kev ua hauv zos, hauv cheeb tsam thiab lub teb chaws thiab kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb, ua ib qho kev txhawb nqa rau kev ua tiav kev loj hlob thoob plaws ntiaj teb".
Ramsar Convention yog qhov tshwj xeeb los ntawm lwm qhov zoo sib xws thoob ntiaj teb kev siv zog ib puag ncig hauv ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb. Ua ntej, nws tsis koom nrog United Nations system ntawm Multilateral Environmental Agreement, txawm hais tias nws ua haujlwm nrog lwm cov MEAs thiab NGOs thiab yog ib qho kev cog lus uas muaj feem xyuam nrog rau tag nrho lwm yam kev cog lus txog biodiversity. Qhov thib ob, nws yog tib lub ntiaj teb kev cog lus ib puag ncig uas cuam tshuam nrog cov kab ke tshwj xeeb: cov av ntub dej. Lub Convention siv cov ntsiab lus dav dav ntawm cov av ntub dej, uas suav nrog "swamps thiab marshes, pas dej thiab dej ntws, cov nyom ntub dej thiab peatlands, oases, estuaries, deltas thiab tidal flats, ze-shore marine cheeb tsam, mangroves thiab coral reefs, thiab tib neeg tsim. cov chaw xws li cov pas dej ntses, cov nplej, cov pas dej, thiab cov lauj kaub ntsev. "
Lub pob zeb tseem ceeb ntawm Ramsar Convention yog Ramsar List of Wetlands of International Importance, ib daim ntawv teev tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv uas lub Convention tau xaiv los ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm ntug hiav txwv dej thiab dej hiav txwv thoob plaws ntiaj teb.
Cov npe lub hom phiaj yog "tsim thiab tswj kom muaj kev sib koom tes thoob ntiaj teb ntawm cov av ntub dej uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txuag lub ntiaj teb kev lom zem ntau haiv neeg thiab kev txhawb nqa tib neeg lub neej los ntawm kev saib xyuas lawv cov ecosystem Cheebtsam, txheej txheem thiab cov txiaj ntsig / kev pabcuam." Los ntawm kev koom nrog Ramsar Convention, txhua lub teb chaws yuav tsum tau xaiv tsawg kawg ib qhov chaw ntub dej raws li qhov chaw ntub dej thoob ntiaj teb tseem ceeb, thaum lwm qhov chaw raug xaiv los ntawm lwm lub xeev rau kev suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov chaw ntub dej.
Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm Ramsar Wetlands ntawm International Tseem Ceeb pom nyob rau hauv North America suav nrog Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Complex (USA), Laguna de Términos Reserve hauv Campeche (Mexico), qhov chaw cia nyob rau yav qab teb kawg ntawm Cuba Isla de la Juventud, Everglades National Park hauv Florida (USA), thiab Alaskan qhov chaw hauv Canada Fraser River Delta. Txhua qhov chaw Ramsar uas muaj teeb meem tswj hwm kev tswj hwm ecological thiab lom neeg ncaj ncees tsim los ntawm Convention tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv cov npe tshwj xeeb thiab tuaj yeem tau txais kev pab cuam los daws cov teeb meem ntawm lub xaib. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov teb chaws tuaj yeem thov kom tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Ramsar Small Grants Fund thiab Wetlands for the Future Fund rau ua kom tiav cov dej num kev txuag dej. US National Fish and Wildlife Service ua tus thawj coj rau 34 Ramsar qhov chaw hauv Asmeskas thiab kev sib koom tes nrog lwm lub tebchaws.
Ramsar Convention muaj lub Rooj Sab Laj ntawm Cov Neeg Koom Tes Sib Koom Tes (COP) txhua peb xyoos los tham thiab txhawb nqa kev siv ntxiv ntawm Cov Lus Cog Tseg cov lus qhia thiab cov cai. Hais txog kev ua haujlwm txhua hnub, muaj Ramsar Secretariat hauv Gland, Switzerland, uas tswj hwm lub Convention thoob ntiaj teb. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, txhua tus Neeg Cog Lus Cog Tseg muaj ib txoj cai tswjfwm uas saib xyuas kev ua raws li Txoj Cai Lij Choj cov lus qhia hauv lawv lub tebchaws. Thaum Ramsar Convention yog ib qho kev siv zog thoob ntiaj teb, Convention kuj txhawb cov tswvcuab hauv tebchaws los tsim cov pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lawv tus kheej, suav nrog kev koom nrog NGO, thiab koom nrog kev koom tes hauv zej zog hauv lawv txoj kev rau siab rau kev txuag dej.
Lub Xya Hli Ntuj xyoo 2012 tau kos npe rau lub rooj sib tham 11th ntawm Lub Rooj Sib Tham ntawm Cov Koom Haum Koom Tes ntawm Ramsar Convention, uas tau tuav hauv Bucharest, Romania. Nyob ntawd, yuav ua li cas qhov kev ncig xyuas kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov av ntub dej ua rau muaj kev lag luam ntsuab tau hais txog.
Lub rooj sib tham xaus nrog kev qhuas qhuas txog kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab kev lees paub txog qhov tsim nyog ntawm kev ua siab ntev thiab kev mob siab rau kev txuag dej thiab kev kho dua tshiab thoob ntiaj teb. Los ntawm kev xav txog kev txuag dej hiav txwv, Ramsar Convention txhawb kev tiv thaiv ntawm ib qho ntawm lub tsev tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau kev noj qab haus huv dej hiav txwv.
United States of America: 34 Ramsar Sites, 4,122,916.22 Acres as of 15 June 2012 (Source: USFWS)

Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Nevada
9,509 his
Bolinas Lagoon 01/09/98    
California
445 his
Cache-Lower White Rivers 21/11/89    
Arkansas
81,376 his
Cache River-Cypress Creek Wetlands 01/11/94    
Illinois
24,281 his
Caddo Lake 23/10/93    
Texas
7,977 his
Catahoula Lake 18/06/91    
Louisiana
12,150 his
Chesapeake Bay Estuarine Complex 04/06/87    
Virginia
45,000 his
Cheyenne Qab 19/10/88    
Kansas
10,978 his
Congaree National Park 02/02/12    
South Carolina
10,539 his
Connecticut River Estuary & Tidal Wetlands Complex 14/10/94    
Connecticut
6,484 his
Corkscrew Swamp Sanctuary 23/03/09    
Florida
5,261 his
Delaware Bay Estuary 20/05/92    
Delaware, New Jersey
51,252 his
Edwin B Forsythe National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Tshiab Jersey
13,080 his
Everglades National Park 04/06/87    
Florida
610,497 his
Francis Beidler Hav zoov 30/05/08    
South Carolina
6,438 his
Grassland Ecological Area 02/02/05    
California
65,000 his
Hmoob toj siab 20/01/10    
Michigan
188 his
Horicon Marsh 04/12/90    
Wisconsin
12,912 his
Izembek Lagoon National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Alaska
168,433 his
Kakagon thiab Bad River Sloughs 02/02/12    
Wisconsin
4,355 his
Kawainui thiab Hamakua Marsh Complex 02/02/05    
Hawaii
414 his
Laguna de Santa Rosa Wetland Complex 16/04/10    
California
1576 his
Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge 18/12/86    
Georgia, Florida
162,635 his
Palmyra Atoll National Wildlife Refuge 01/04/11    
Hawaii
204,127 his
Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge 14/03/93    
Florida
1,908 his
Quivira National Wildlife Refuge 12/02/02    
Kansas
8,958 his
Roswell Artesian Wetlands 07/09/10    
Tshiab Mexico
917 his
Sand Lake National Wildlife Refuge 03/08/98    
South Dakota
8,700 his
Sue thiab Wes Dixon Waterfowl Refuge ntawm Hennepin &
Hopper Lakes 02/02/12    
Illinois
1,117 his
Lub Emquon Complex 02/02/12    
Illinois
5,729 his
Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve 02/02/05    
California
1,021 his
Tomales Khov 30/09/02    
California
2,850 his
Upper Mississippi River Floodplain Wetlands 05/01/10    
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois
122,357 his
Wilma H. ​​Schiermeier Olentangy River Wetland Research Park 18/04/08    
Ohio
21 his
Luke Txwj Laug tau ua tus TOF tshawb fawb lub caij ntuj sov ua haujlwm rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2011. Xyoo tom qab nws tau kawm hauv Spain qhov chaw uas nws tau ua haujlwm nrog Spanish National Research Council ua haujlwm hauv lawv pawg Environmental Economics. Lub caij ntuj sov no Lukas tau ua haujlwm ua Tus Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Nyab Xeeb ua kev tswj hwm av thiab saib xyuas. Ib tug neeg laus hauv Middlebury College, Lukas yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv Kev Tiv Thaiv Biology thiab Kev Tshawb Fawb Ib puag ncig nrog tus menyuam yaus hauv lus Mev, thiab vam tias yuav nrhiav tau txoj haujlwm yav tom ntej hauv kev txuag dej hiav txwv.