Ngwuputa oke osimiri miri emi – Nnwale Pacific

Ụlọ ọrụ na-egwupụta akụ nke Canada Nautilus Minerals Inc. etinyewo aha ya n'iwepụta ọrụ mbụ n'ime ogbunigwe miri emi (DSM). Oke osimiri Bismarck dị na Papua New Guinea ka edobela dị ka ebe nnwale maka teknụzụ a na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ya. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ - si Japan, China, Korea, UK, Canada, USA, Germany na Russian Federation - na-eche ịhụ ma Nautilus nwere ike ịga nke ọma weta ọla si n'ala oké osimiri ka smelter tupu ewere onwe ha. Ha ewepụtalarị akwụkwọ ikike nyocha nke na-ekpuchi ihe karịrị nde square kilomita 1.5 nke ala oke osimiri Pacific. Na mgbakwunye, ikike nyocha ugbu a na-ekpuchikwa nnukwu mpaghara ala oke osimiri Atlantic na India.

Ihe egwu a nke nyocha DSM na-eme na enweghị usoro nchịkwa ma ọ bụ ebe nchekwa iji chebe ihe dị iche iche dị iche iche na nke a maara nke ọma nke oké osimiri miri emi na-enweghị ndụmọdụ bara uru na obodo ndị DSM ga-emetụta. Ọzọkwa, nyocha sayensị banyere mmetụta ka dị oke oke na enyeghị mmesi obi ike na ahụike nke obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ mmiri na azụ̀ ndị ha dabere na ha ga-ekwe nkwa.

Mgbasa Ozi Ngwuputa Oke Osimiri miri emi bụ otu òtù na ụmụ amaala si Papua New Guinea, Australia na Canada na-enwe nchegbu gbasara mmetụta DSM nwere na gburugburu mmiri na oke osimiri na obodo. Ebumnobi nke mkpọsa a bụ iji nweta nkwenye efu, nke mbụ na ozi sitere na obodo ndị metụtara yana itinye ụkpụrụ akpachara anya.

N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ dị mfe, anyị kwenyere na:

▪ Obodo ndị ọ metụtara kwesịrị itinye aka na mkpebi gbasara ma ogbunigwe miri emi ga-aga n'ihu ma ha nwekwara ikike veto tụrụ aro ogbunigwe, Nakwa na
▪ Nchọpụta enyochara onwe ya ga-emerịrị iji gosi na obodo ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi agaghị enwe mmetụta ọjọọ ogologo oge - tupu ekwe ka ngwuputa ihe malite.

Ụlọ ọrụ egosila mmasị n'ụdị atọ nke DSM - Ngwuputa nke cobalt custs, polymetallic nodules, na nkwụnye ego nke oke mmiri sulphides. Ọ bụ nke ikpeazụ a na-ekwu na ọ bụ ihe kacha amasị ndị na-egwuputa ihe (ịbụ ndị bara ọgaranya na zinc, ọla kọpa, ọlaọcha, ọla edo, ndu na ala ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe) - na nke kachasị esemokwu. Ngwuputa sulphides n'elu oke osimiri nwere ike ịkpata mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi na ihe egwu ahụike kachasị elu na obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na gburugburu ebe obibi.

A na-etolite nnukwu sulphides n'akụkụ oke osimiri gburugburu ikuku ikuku hydrothermal - isi iyi na-ekpo ọkụ nke na-abịa n'akụkụ agbụ nke ugwu mgbawa mmiri dị n'okpuru mmiri. N'ime ọtụtụ puku afọ, ígwé ojii nke sulfide ígwè esiwo n'oghere ikuku pụta, na-edozi n'ime nnukwu mkpọmkpọ ebe ruru nde tọn n'oke.

metụtara
Enyerela Nautilus Minerals ikike mbụ n'ụwa ịrụ ogbunigwe miri emi. Ọ na-ezube iwepụta ọla edo na ọla kọpa n'okirikiri nnukwu sulphides n'Oké Osimiri Bismarck na PNG. Ebe ogbunigwe Solwara 1 dị ihe dị ka kilomita 50 site na obodo Rabaul dị na East New Britain na 30 kms site n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke New Ireland Province. Mgbasa ozi DSM weputara ntule oceanographic zuru ezu na Nọvemba 2012 nke na-egosi na obodo ndị dị n'akụkụ mmiri nwere ike nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke nsị ọla dị arọ n'ihi oke mmiri na mmiri mmiri na saịtị Solwara 1.[1]

Aghọtara ntakịrị ihe gbasara mmetụta ogbunigwe miri emi nke onye ọ bụla nwere, ma ya fọdụkwa mmetụta mkpokọta nke ọtụtụ ogbunigwe enwere ike ịmalite. Ọnọdụ gburugburu ikuku hydrothermal adịghị ka ebe ọ bụla ọzọ na mbara ala na nke a arụpụtala ihe dị iche iche nke gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenyere na ikuku mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ bụ ebe mbụ ndụ malitere n'ụwa. Ọ bụrụ otú ahụ, gburugburu ndị a na gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a nwere ike inye nghọta maka mgbanwe ndụ. Anyị na-amalite na-aghọta omimi gburugburu ebe obibi nke oké osimiri nke nwere ihe karịrị 90% nke oké osimiri.[2]

Ọrụ ọ bụla na-egwupụta akụ ga-ebibi ozugbo ọtụtụ puku ikuku ikuku hydrothermal na gburugburu ebe obibi ha pụrụ iche - n'ezie na ụdị anụmanụ ga-apụ n'anya tupu amata ha. Ọtụtụ ndị na-arụ ụka na mbibi nke ikuku ikuku naanị ga-enye ihe kpatara na ha anabataghị ọrụ DSM. Mana enwere ihe egwu ndị ọzọ dị oke egwu dị ka nsi ọla nwere ike ịbanye na agbụ nri mmiri.

A chọrọ ọmụmụ ihe na imepụta ihe iji chọpụta ọla ndị a ga-ewepụta, ụdị kemịkal ha ga-adị na ya, ókè ha ga-esi banye n'agbụ nri, ka nri mmiri nke ndị obodo riri ga-esi merụọ, na mmetụta ndị a. ọla ga-enwe na azụ azụ nke mpaghara, mba na mpaghara dị mkpa.

Ruo mgbe ahụ, a ga-etinye usoro nlezianya anya na nkwụsịtụ na-etinye na nyocha na Ngwuputa ihe omimi nke oké osimiri.

Olu obodo megidere ogbunigwe miri emi
Oku a na-akpọ ka a kwụsị ịgbapụta ihe ndina n'oké osimiri na Pacific na-eto eto. Obodo ndị dị na Papua New Guinea na Pacific na-ekwu okwu megide ụlọ ọrụ oke ala a.[3] Nke a agụnyela akwụkwọ mkpesa nwere ihe karịrị 24,000 mbinye aka na gọọmentị PNG na-akpọ maka gọọmentị Pacific ka ha kwụsị ịgbapụta ogbunigwe n'oké osimiri.[4]
Ọ dịtụbeghị mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme nke PNG enwebeghị atụmatụ mmepe kwalitere ụdị mmegide dị iche iche - sitere na ndị nnọchi anya obodo, ụmụ akwụkwọ, ndị isi ụka, ndị otu na-abụghị gọọmentị, ndị agụmakwụkwọ, ndị ọrụ nke ngalaba gọọmentị na ndị omeiwu nke mba na mpaghara.

Ụmụ nwanyị Pacific kwalitere ozi 'nkwụsị nnwale nnwale n'ime oke osimiri' na ogbako Rio+20 mba ụwa na Brazil.[5] Mgbe ndị obodo New Zealand gbakọtara ọnụ iji mee mkpọsa megide ogbunigwe nke ájá ojii na oke osimiri ha.[6]
Na Maachị 2013, Nzukọ Ezumezu nke iri nke Pacific Conference of Churches weputara mkpebi iji kwụsị ụdị ọ bụla nke ogbunigwe ogbunigwe n'oke mmiri na Pacific.[10]

Agbanyeghị, a na-enye ikikere nyocha n'oke egwu. A ghaghị ịnụkwu olu iji kwụsị specter nke DSM ka ọ bụrụ eziokwu.

Soro anyị na ndị agha:
Soro e-list mkpọsa Ngwuputa Oke Osimiri miri emi site na izipu ozi-e na: [email protected]. Biko mee ka anyị mara ma gị ma ọ bụ òtù gị ga-achọ ka anyị na ha na-emekọ ihe.

More ọmụma:
Webụsaịtị anyị: www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org
Akụkọ mkpọsa: http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/deepseaminingpacific
Twitter: https://twitter.com/NoDeepSeaMining
Youtube: http://youtube.com/StopDeepSeaMining

References:
[1] Dr. John Luick, 'Ntụle Oceanographic anụ ahụ nke nkwupụta mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi Nautilus maka ọrụ Solwara 1 - Nlebaanya nọọrọ onwe ya', Mgbasa Ozi Ngwuputa Oke Osimiri miri emi. http://www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/report
[2] www.savethesea.org/STS%20ocean_facts.htm
[3] www.deepseaminingourofourdepth.org/community-testimonies
[4] www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/petition/
[5] Ndị NGO Pacific kwalitere mkpọsa nke osimiri na Rio+20, Azụmahịa Island, June 15 2012,
www.deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/pacific-ngos-step-up-oceans-campaign-at-rio20
[6] kasm.org; deepseaminingoutofourdepth.org/tag/new-zealand
[7] 'Kpọọ maka nyocha mmetụta', Dawn Gibson, 11 Maachị 2013, Fiji Times Online, www.fijitimes.com/story.aspx?id=227482

Mgbasa Ozi Ngwuputa Oke Osimiri miri emi bụ oru ngo nke The Ocean Foundation