"Ebee ka i si?"

"Houston, Texas."

"Oo chimoo. Ọ dị m nwute nke ukwuu. Kedu ka ezinụlọ gị na-eme?

“Ọ dị mma. Ihe niile dị mma nke na-agwụ nke ọma. "

Dịka nwa afọ Houstonian onye kpọrọ Houston ụlọ n'oge ndụ m niile, ebiela m Allison, Rita, Katrina, Ike, na ugbu a Harvey. Site n'ụlọ anyị dị n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ nke Houston, anyị amachaghị maka idei mmiri. N'ozuzu, agbata obi anyị na-eju mmiri otu ugboro n'afọ maka otu ụbọchị, ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-eme n'oge opupu ihe ubi.

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Onye agbata obi ji ụgbọ mmiri na-atụrụ ndụ n'oge idei mmiri ụbọchị Ụtụ isi n'èzí ụlọ anyị na Eprel 18, 2016.

N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, ọ dịghị onye hụrụ ka Ajọ Ifufe Harvey na-akụsi ike dị ka o mere. Ọtụtụ n'ime mbibi Harvey hapụrụ na Texas bụ obere ihe gbasara ajọ ifufe ahụ n'ezie, yana ihe gbasara oke mmiri ozuzo na-eso ya. Oké ifufe a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-efefe na Houston ruo ọtụtụ ụbọchị, na-atụba nnukwu mmiri n'ime ogologo oge. Mmiri ozuzo si na ya jupụta obodo nke anọ kasị ukwuu na US na steeti ndị agbata obi nwere ngụkọta nke galọn mmiri iri atọ na atọ.1 N’ikpeazụ, ihe ka n’ọnụ ọgụgụ n’ime mmiri ndị a laghachiri n’ebe ha si bịa, bụ́ oké osimiri.2 Otú ọ dị, ha bu ọtụtụ ihe ndị na-emetọ ihe, gụnyere kemịkal sitere n’ebe a na-eme ka mmiri na-esi n’ebe a na-emepụta mmiri, nje bacteria na-egbu egbu, na irighiri ihe ndị a hapụrụ n’okporo ámá.3

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Dị ka National Weather Service si kwuo, akụkụ obodo m nwetara n'agbata sentimita 30 ruo 40 nke mmiri ozuzo. 10

Ala mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-abụkarị ụzọ mbụ anyị ga-esi chebe onwe anyị pụọ n'oké mmiri ozuzo, mana anyị na-etinye ha na onwe anyị n'ihe ize ndụ mgbe anyị na-agaghị echebe ha.4 Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anyị nwere ike ị gaghị enwe ihe ịga nke ọma n'ichekwa ala mmiri ndị a dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, kama hapụ ha ka a kwatuo na mbọ iji mee ka ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere ike iyi ihe bara uru karịa ịhapụ ala mmiri ebe ahụ iji chebe onwe ha pụọ ​​​​na ụfọdụ oké ifufe n'ọdịnihu. N'otu aka ahụ, ala mmiri dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-ekpochapụkwa mmiri na-asọpụta n'elu ala, na-ebelata mmebi n'oké osimiri.

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Mmiri dị n'elu na-asọba n'Ọwara Oké Osimiri Mexico. 11

Ihe ndị ọzọ na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi nwere ike imerụ usoro nchekwa nke dị n'ụsọ osimiri, dị ka mmiri ozuzo si na Hurricane Harvey. Mmiri mmiri ozuzo na-esi na ndagwurugwu Houston na-asọga n'Ọwara Oké Osimiri Mexico, dịkwa ka ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mmiri dị ọcha nke United States si eme.5 Ọbụna ugbu a, mmiri ọhụrụ nke Harvey tụdara ka ejikọtabeghị ya na mmiri nnu nke Gulf.6 Ọ dabara nke ọma, n'agbanyeghị ụkpụrụ salinity dị ala nke edepụtara na Gulf n'ihi “mmiri mmiri ọhụrụ” a, enwebeghị akwụkwọ ndekọ oke-anwụ n'akụkụ oke osimiri coral, ọkachasị n'ihi ntụzịaka nke mmiri ndị a siri pụọ na gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a. Enweela ntakịrị akwụkwọ nke ihe nsị ọhụrụ nwere ike ịchọta na mpaghara ndị dị nso na ala mmiri, nke a hapụrụ ka idei mmiri na-asọba na Ọwara.

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Sediments sitere na Hurricane Harvey.12

N'ozuzu, Houston nwetara oke idei mmiri dị otú ahụ n'ihi na e wuru obodo ahụ n'elu ala idei mmiri dị larịị. Ka oge na-aga, ịgbasawanye obodo mepere emepe na enweghị koodu mpaghara na-abawanye ohere anyị nwere idei mmiri dị ka okporo ụzọ awara awara awara edochiri anya ahịhịa na-enweghị ihe ga-esi na mkpọsa obodo mepere emepe na-achịkwaghị achịkwa.7 Dị ka ihe atụ, n'ebe dị nnọọ kilomita site ma Addicks na Barker Reservoirs, agbata obi anyị zutere idei mmiri ogologo oge n'ihi na ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ mmiri ahụ nọgidere na-adị. Iji hụ na ogbe ndịda Houston emeghị idei mmiri, ndị isi kpachapụrụ anya họrọ ịhapụ ọnụ ụzọ ámá na-achịkwa mmiri mmiri, nke mere ka iju mmiri nke ụlọ ndị a na-atụghị anya na ọ ga-eme na West Houston.8 Ihe ndị dị ka asphalt na konkịtị na-awụsa mmiri kama ịmịnye ya, ya mere mmiri ahụ gbakọtara n'okporo ámá ma mesịa banye n'Ọwara Oké Osimiri Mexico.

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(Ụbọchị 4) Ụgbọ ala agbata obi, otu n'ime ihe ruru otu nde nke idei mmiri rikpuru n'obodo ahụ. 13

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, anyị nọrọ ihe karịrị otu izu n'ụlọ anyị. Ndị nche Coast na ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo na-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na-agakarị wee jụọ ma anyị chọrọ nnapụta ma ọ bụ ihe enyemaka n'oge ọnụnọ anyị. Ndị agbata obi ndị ọzọ gara n'ihu ahịhịa ha ma kowe ákwà ọcha n'osisi ha dị ka ihe àmà na-amasị ha ka a napụta ha. Mgbe mmiri ahụ tara n'ụbọchị nke iri nke ihe omume idei mmiri nke otu puku afọ a9 ma n'ikpeazụ anyị nwere ike ịga n'èzí n'ebughị ụzọ gafee mmiri, mmebi ahụ dị ịtụnanya. Isi ísì mmiri dị n'ebe niile na irighiri ahịhịa juru n'okporo ụzọ ahụ. Azụ nwụrụ anwụ dina n'okporo ụzọ simenti ma ụgbọ ala gbahapụrụ agbahapụ n'okporo ụzọ ahụ.

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(Ụbọchị nke ise) Anyị na-eji osisi egosi otú mmiri ahụ si na-arị elu.

N’echi ya ka anyị nweere onwe anyị ịgagharị n’èzí, e mere ndokwa ka mụ na ezinụlọ m fega Minnesota maka izuụka ụmụ akwụkwọ ọhụrụ na kọleji Carleton. Ka anyị na-agbago ọtụtụ puku ụkwụ na mbara igwe, enweghị m ike ịchere ka anyị si bụrụ otu n'ime ndị nwere ihu ọma. Ụlọ anyị kpọrọ nkụ, e tinyeghịkwa ndụ anyị n'ihe ize ndụ. Otú ọ dị, amaghị m otú anyị ga-esi nwee chi ọma mgbe ọzọ ndị ọchịchị obodo kpebiri na ọ dị mfe idebe agbata obi anyị karịa ime ihe iji wughachi ihe nchebe anyị.

Otu ihe rapaara m n’ahụ́ bụ mgbe nna m dị afọ iri isii gwara m, “Ọ dị mma, obi dị m ụtọ na agaghị m ahụkwa ụdị ihe a ọzọ n’oge ndụ m.”

M zara ya, sị, “Papa, amaghị m banyere nke ahụ.”

"Ị chere otú ahụ?"

"Amaara m ya."

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(Ụbọchị nke isii) Mụ na papa m gafere n’ime mmiri ka anyị rute n’ebe a na-ere mmanụ ụgbọala dị n’akụkụ okporo ámá. Anyị rịọrọ ka ụgbọ mmiri gaghachi n'ụlọ ma ejidere m ọmarịcha ọmarịcha anya a.

Andrew Farias bụ onye otu klas nke 2021 na Carleton College, onye ka gụchara ọzụzụ na Washington, DC.


1https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/08/30/harvey-has-unloaded-24-5-trillion-gallons-of-water-on-texas-and-louisiana/?utm_term=.7513293a929b
2https://www.popsci.com/where-does-flood-water-go#page-5
3http://www.galvbay.org/news/how-has-harvey-impacted-water-quality/
4https://oceanfdn.org/blog/coastal-ecosystems-are-our-first-line-defense-against-hurricanes
5https://www.dallasnews.com/news/harvey/2017/09/07/hurricane-harveys-floodwaters-harm-coral-reefs-gulf-mexico
6http://stormwater.wef.org/2017/12/gulf-mexico-researchers-examine-effects-hurricane-harvey-floodwaters/
7https://qz.com/1064364/hurricane-harvey-houstons-flooding-made-worse-by-unchecked-urban-development-and-wetland-destruction/
8https://www.houstoniamag.com/articles/2017/10/16/barker-addicks-reservoirs-release-west-houston-memorial-energy-corridor-hurricane-harvey
9https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2017/08/31/harvey-is-a-1000-year-flood-event-unprecedented-in-scale/?utm_term=.d3639e421c3a#comments
10 https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/news/tropical-storm-harvey-forecast-texas-louisiana-arkansas
11 https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/aug/29/houston-area-impacted-hurricane-harvey-visual-guide
12 https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=90866