Ihe karịrị otu narị otu na-emegide HR 100

January 9, 2018 

Ezigbo onye otu kọmitii akụrụngwa akụrụngwa ụlọ:

Anyị na-agba gị ume ka ị votu "Ee e" na HR 3133, ụgwọ nke ga-ebelata nke ukwuu Iwu Nchedo Mammal Marine (MMPA), ntinye nke mba anyị na nchekwa nke anụ ọhịa niile: whale, dolphins, akàrà, ọdụm mmiri, walruses, oké osimiri. otters, polar bear na manatees.

N'ịbụ onye mkpu ndị America na-eme maka mbelata nke ukwuu nke ụmụ anụmanụ na-anụ n'oké osimiri, Congress wefere MMPA site na nkwado siri ike nke akụkụ abụọ, Onye isi ala Richard Nixon bịanyere aka na ya n'iwu n'October 1972. Iwu ahụ na-echebe mammadụ mmiri n'otu n'otu na ọnụ ọgụgụ ha, ọ na-emetụtakwa mmadụ niile. na ụgbọ mmiri dị na mmiri US, yana ụmụ amaala America na ụgbọ mmiri nwere ọkọlọtọ US na oke osimiri. Dị ka ụmụ mmadụ na-eji oké osimiri-mbupu, ịkụ azụ, ike ike, nchekwa, Ngwuputa na njem nlegharị anya-na-agbasawanye, mkpa ọ dị igbochi na ibelata mmetụta ọjọọ nye anụ mamma nke mmiri dị ugbu a karịa mgbe e mere MMPA afọ 45 gara aga.

Anụmanụ mmiri dị oké mkpa maka ahụ ike nke oké osimiri, anyị ka nwere ọtụtụ ihe anyị ga-amụta banyere ọrụ ha ebe ọ bụ na mgbanwe ndụ nke oké osimiri na-esiri ike ịmụ ihe karịa ndị nọ n'elu ala. Dị ka ihe atụ, nnukwu whales—nke gụnyere anụmanụ ndị kasị ibu n’akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndụ n’ụwa—na-ebugharị ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ n’oké osimiri ma kwụ ọtọ ma n’ụzọ kwụ ọtọ gafee nnukwu ebe dị anya, na-akwado ọtụtụ ụdị ndụ mmiri ndị ọzọ.

Anụ anụ ndị mmiri na-eritekwa uru nke ukwuu maka akụ na ụba US. Site na idobe urchins nke oke osimiri na-eri ahịhịa na-eme ka ọhịa kelp tolite ma weghara carbon dioxide, ndị na-akụ azụ mmiri California na-emeziwanye ebe obibi maka ụdị azụ ahịa azụmahịa, na-echebe ụsọ mmiri site na mbuze site n'ibelata ike nke ebili mmiri nke oke osimiri, na-adọta ndị njem nlegharị anya na ha. mara mma antics. Azụmahịa na-ekiri Whale na-eme nke ọma na mpaghara ọ bụla dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na United States, yana ihe karịrị azụmahịa 450 na-ekiri whale, nde ndị na-ekiri whale 5, na ego ha nwetara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ijeri $ 1 na njem nlegharị anya n'ụsọ oké osimiri na 2008 (afọ kacha nso nso a bụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ zuru ezu. dịnụ). Ka ọ dị ugbu a, manatees ise ọbịa na Florida, karịsịa n'oge oyi mgbe manatees gbakọta na okpomọkụ ebe nso freshwater iyi.

Ọ dịghị otu anụ ọhịa a na-ahụ n'oké osimiri a chọtara na mmiri US nke lara n'iyi n'ime afọ 45 kemgbe MMPA ghọrọ iwu, ọbụna ka ọrụ mmadụ na-eme n'oké osimiri abawanyela nke ukwuu. Ọzọkwa, ụmụ anụmanụ na-ahụ maka mmiri na-eme nke ọma na mmiri US, ebe ụdị dị ole na ole nọ n'ihe ize ndụ nke ikpochapụ ebe a karịa na mmiri na mpụga United States. Ọtụtụ ụdị ndị jụrụla ọkwa dị oke egwu enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu na mweghachi nke ha 

Ndị mmadụ nọ n'okpuru nchebe nke MMPA, gụnyere ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na Atlantic na akara elephant na West Coast. Ụdị ndị a na-akawanye mma site na MMPA, si otú a na-ezere mkpa nchekwa dị n'okpuru Iwu Anụ ọhịa na-emebi emebi (ESA). Ọnụ ọgụgụ abụọ nke whale humpback na-eri nri na United States, yana ọwụwa anyanwụ North Pacific gray whales na ndị bi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ọdụm mmiri Steller, abawanyela nke ukwuu site na enyemaka ESA. 
N'agbanyeghị ihe ịga nke ọma ndị a, MMPA nọ ugbu a n'oké ọgụ. HR 3133 na-achọ ịkwalite mkpagharị mmanụ na gas dị n'ụsọ mmiri, yana ọrụ mmepụta ihe ndị ọzọ na oke osimiri, site na iwepụ ihe nchebe dị n'obi MMPA. Ụgwọ ahụ ga-ebelata nke ukwuu ụkpụrụ iwu maka ịnye ikike mmekpa ahụ mberede (IHAs), gbochie ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ụlọ ọrụ ịchọ ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị mbelata ọ bụla, kpachapụ anya nleba anya nke mmetụta na anụ mamma nke mmiri, ma weta usoro nke njedebe oge na ikike ikike akpaaka nke ga-eme ka ọ kwụsịlata. mee ka ọ sie ike, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ gaghị ekwe omume, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ịnye nyocha ọ bụla bara uru banyere ihe omume ndị nwere ike imerụ ahụ. Nsonaazụ ọjọọ nke mgbanwe ndị a maka nchekwa anụ ụlọ ga-adị omimi.

Ndokwa ndị HR 3133 ga-emebi dị mkpa maka nchekwa n'okpuru MMPA. Mmekpa ahụ sitere n'ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nwere ike imebi àgwà ndị dị mkpa - dị ka ịzụ nri, ịzụ nwa, na ịzụ nwa - nke anụ mamma nke mmiri na-adabere na-adị ndụ ma mụta nwa. MMPA na-ahụ na a na-ahazi mmetụta nke mmemme ndị a nke ọma ma belata. Iji mee ka ihe ndị a dị mkpa maka nyocha mmanụ na gas na ihe omume ndị ọzọ, dị ka HR 3133 na-ezube, ga-edobe ụmụ anụmanụ na-ahụ maka mmiri mmiri America ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọjọọ na-enweghị isi ma mee ka o yie ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ha ga-eyi egwu ma ọ bụ nọrọ n'ihe ize ndụ n'ọdịnihu.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ nweghị ụdị anụ mmiri US ekpochapụla, ụfọdụ agbakeela, ndị ọzọ na-eche nnukwu nsogbu maka nlanarị ha, gụnyere whale Bryde na Ọwara Mexico, whale ụgha na-egbu egbu na Hawaii na Western North Atlantic, Cuvier's beaked whales na azụ azụ. North Pacific, yana ngwaahịa Pribilof Island/East Pacific nke akara ajị anụ ugwu. Ọtụtụ n'ime anụmanụ ndị a nọ n'ihe ize ndụ ịnwụ site na ndakpọ ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ itinye aka na ngwa ịkụ azụ, na ihe niile na-eche mmetụta nke nrụgide na-adịghị ala ala, gụnyere mkpọtụ oké osimiri na mmetọ, nke na-emebi ikike ha nwere ike ime nke ọma na ịmụ nwa.

Na mmechi, anyị na-arịọ maka nkwado gị maka iwu nchekwa nchekwa akwa a, yana votu gị na "mba" na HR 3133 na kọmitii akụ akụ nke Houselọ echi. 

Obi, 
Azụmaahịa na ụlọ ọrụ 108 edebanyeghị aha 

1. Oceana 
2. Acoustic Ecology Institute 
3. Onye nche osimiri Altamaha 
4. American Cetacean Society 
5. American Cetacean Society Oregon Chapter 
6. American Cetacean Society Coalition Student 
7. Ụlọ ọrụ ọdịmma anụmanụ 
8. Mma ọdọ mmiri ọrụ 
9. Blue Frontier 
10.Blue Sphere Foundation 
11.BlueVoice.org 
12.Center for a Sustainable Coast 
13.Center for Biological Diversity 
14.Center for Whale Research 
15. Cetacean Society International 
16.Chukchi oké osimiri nche 
17.Ndị obodo Mgbasa maka gburugburu ebe obibi 
18.Clean Water Action 
19.Climate Law & Policy Project 
20.Coffee Party Savannah 
21.Conservation Law Foundation 
22.Debris Free oké osimiri 
23.Ndị na-agbachitere anụ ọhịa 
24.Dogwood Alliance 
25.Earth Action, Inc. 
26.Earth Iwu Center 
27.Earthikpe ziri ezi 
28.Eco Chukwu 
29.EcoSstrings 
30.Njikota umu anumanu di egwu 
31. Environmental Caucus, California Democratic Party 
32.Environmental Defence Fund 
33.Ịchọta 52 LLC 
34.Food and Farming Forum 
35.Enyi nke oke osimiri 
36.Gotham Whale 
37.Greenpeace USA 
38.Group for the East End 
39.Gulf mweghachi netwọk 
40.Hackensack Riverkeeper 
41.Aka gafee aja / Ala 
42.Ndị nketa Oke osimiri anyị 
43.Hip Hop Caucus 
44.Humane Society Legislative Fund 
45. Fallbrook enweghị ike iche 
46.Inland Ocean Coalition & Colorado Ocean Coalition 
47.Inland Ocean Coalition / Colorado Ocean Coalition 
48.Institute for Ocean Conservation Science na Stony Brook University 
49.International Fund for Animal Welfare 
50.International Marine Mammal Project of Earth Island Institute 
51.Kingfisher Eastsound Studio 
52.Asọmpi nchekwa ịtụ vootu 
53.LegaSeas 
54.Marine Conservation Institute 
55.Marine Mammal Alliance Nantucket 
56.Marine Watch International 
57.Ezigbo Blue 
58.Mize Ezinụlọ Foundation 
59.Mystic Aquarium 
60.National Audubon Society 
61.National Parks Conservation Association 
62.Natural Resources Defence Council 
63.Obido olileanya 
64.New England Coastal Wildlife Alliance 
65.NY/NJ Baykeeper 
66.Ocean Conservation Research 
67.Oceanic Preservation Society 
68.Ori nari Miles 
69.Otu ọgbọ ọzọ 
70.Orange County Coastkeeper/ Onye na-echekwa mmiri n'ime ala eze 
71.Orca Conservancy 
72.Outer Banks Center for Dolphin Research 
73.Pacific Environment 
74.Pacific Marine Mammal Center 
75.PAX Sayensị 
76.Power Shift Network 
77.Ndị nche ọha 
78.Puget Soundkeeper Alliance 
79.Osimiri ntughari 
80.Ndị ụgbọ mmiri maka oke osimiri 
81.San Diego Hydro 
82.San Fernando Valley Audubon Society 
83.SandyHook SeaLife Foundation (SSF) 
84.Chekwaa ala anyị 
85.Chekwa The Bay 
86. Chekwaa ọgbakọ Manatee 
87. Chekwaa Whales na oké osimiri 
88.Seattle Aquarium 
89. Ndị na-achị anụ shar 
90.Sierra Club 
91.Sierra Club National Marine Team 
92.Sonoma Coast Surfrider 
93.South Carolina Coastal Conservation League 
94.Southern Environmental Law Center 
95.Surfrider Foundation 
96.Sylvia Earle Alliance / Mission Blue 
97.The Dolphin Project 
98.Humane Society of the United States 
99. The Ocean Foundation 
100. Ụlọ ọrụ vidiyo Whale 
101. Otu ohia 
102. Ike ọhụụ, LLC. 
103. Washington Environmental Council 
104. Ndụmọdụ izu 
105. Nchekwa Whale na Dolphin 
106. Whale Scout 
107. Anụ ọhịa Dolphin Project 
108. Nchekwa anụmanụ ụwa (US)