Na-ele anya azụ ịga n'ihu: 2022 UN Ocean Conference

Na-esochi nkwụsị n'ihe omume mmadụ kemgbe mmalite ọrịa a, akara etiti 'afọ nke oke osimiri' bụ akara akara. 2022 UN Ocean Conference na Lisbon, Portugal. N'ihe karịrị ndị bịara 6,500 na-anọchite anya ndị anaghị akwụ ụgwọ, ụlọ ọrụ nzuzo, gọọmentị, na ndị ọzọ metụtara ya niile na-esonye n'ime ụbọchị ise juputara na nkwa, mkparịta ụka na mmemme ogbako, ndị nnọchiteanya The Ocean Foundation (TOF) dị njikere iweta na dozie otu isiokwu dị mkpa. sitere na plastik ruo ihe nnọchianya zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Ndị nnọchi anya TOF n'onwe ha gosipụtara nzukọ anyị dị iche iche, yana ndị ọrụ asatọ bịara, na-ekpuchi ọtụtụ isiokwu. Ndị nnọchi anya anyị bịara kwadebere iji leba anya na mmetọ rọba, carbon blue, acidification nke oké osimiri, igwu mmiri miri emi, nha nhata na sayensị, ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri, nexus-climate nexus, akụ na ụba na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na ọchịchị oke osimiri.

Ndị otu mmemme anyị enweela ohere ịtụgharị uche na njikọ aka ndị e mebere, nkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ nke e mere, na mmụta dị egwu nke mere site na June 27 ruo Julaị 1, 2022. Ụfọdụ n'ime ihe ndị pụtara ìhè nke njikọ aka TOF na ogbako ahụ bụ. n'okpuru.

Ike Science Ocean

Mkparịta ụka gbasara ikike dị mkpa iji mepụta sayensị oke osimiri na ime ihe n'okwu gbasara oke osimiri ka etinyere na mmemme ọgbakọ n'ime izu. Ihe omume akụkụ anyị, "Ike Science Ocean dị ka ọnọdụ iji nweta SDG 14: Echiche na Ngwọta, "Onye isi ọrụ mmemme nke TOF Alexis Valauri-Orton bụ onye na-ahazi ya wee gosipụta otu ndị otu na-ekerịta echiche ha na ndụmọdụ ha iji wepụ ihe mgbochi ndị na-egbochi ịha nhatanha na mpaghara oke osimiri. Osote osote onye enyemaka odeakwụkwọ nke Ngalaba Steeti nke United States maka Oke osimiri, Azụ na Polar Affairs, Prọfesọ Maxine Burkett, nyere okwu mmeghe na-akpali akpali. Na, Katy Soapi (Pacific Community) na Henrik Enevoldsen (IOC-UNESCO) mere ka ọ dị mkpa ịzụlite mmekọrịta siri ike tupu ịbanye n'ọrụ ahụ.

Dr. Enevoldsen kwusiri ike na ị nweghị ike itinye oge zuru oke n'ịchọta ndị mmekọ ziri ezi, ebe Dr. Soapi kwusiri ike na mmekọrịta ahụ chọrọ oge iji zụlite na ịmepụta ntụkwasị obi tupu ọganihu amalite n'ezie. Dr. JP Walsh nke Mahadum Rhode Island tụrụ aro ka ewulite oge maka ntụrụndụ n'ime ihe omume mmadụ, dị ka igwu mmiri, iji nyere aka mee ka ncheta na mmekọrịta ndị ahụ bara uru. Ndị ọzọ panelists, TOF Program Officer Frances Lang na Damboia Cossa si Eduardo Mondlane University dị na Mozambique, kwusiri ike mkpa ọ dị iweta sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya ma na-atụle ọnọdụ mpaghara - gụnyere agụmakwụkwọ, akụrụngwa, ọnọdụ, na ịnweta nkà na ụzụ - n'ime ikike. ụlọ.

Iji nwetakwuo nkwado maka ikike sayensị oké osimiri, TOF kwupụtara atụmatụ ọhụrụ iji mepụta Funders Collaborative na nkwado nke UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. Ekwuputara ya na mmemme UN Ocean Decade Forum, atụmatụ imekọ ihe ọnụ iji wusie afọ iri nke Science Science ike site n'ịkwakọba ego na akụrụngwa dị iche iche iji kwado mmepe ikike, nkwukọrịta, na nhazi nke sayensị oke osimiri. Ndị otu ntọala nke mmekorita gụnyere Lenfest Ocean Programme nke Pew Charitable Trust, Tula Foundation, REV Ocean, Fundação Grupo Boticário, na Schmidt Ocean Institute.

Gọọmenti Spain na Mexico kpọrọ Onye isi ala anyị, Mark J. Spalding ka ọ kwuo maka otu oké osimiri na-ahụ data si dị oke mkpa maka nkwụghachi azụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri yana akụ na ụba na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-adịgide adịgide dị ka akụkụ nke ihe omume n'akụkụ gọọmentị na "Sayensị kwupụta oké osimiri na-adigide".

Moratorium Ngwuputa Ngwuputa nke oke osimiri

E welitere nchegbu doro anya gbasara ogbunigwe miri emi (DSM) n'ime ọgbakọ niile. TOF na-akwado nkwado nke moratorium (mmachibido iwu nwa oge) belụsọ ma ruo mgbe DSM nwere ike ịga n'ihu n'enweghị mmerụ ahụ na gburugburu mmiri, mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, ihe egwu na ihe nketa ọdịnala anyị a na-ahụ anya na nke a na-apụghị ịhụ anya, ma ọ bụ ihe egwu dị na ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi.

Ndị ọrụ TOF nọ na ihe karịrị iri na abuo metụtara DSM, site na mkparịta ụka mmekọrịta chiri anya, gaa na mkparịta ụka mmekọrịta gọọmentị, gaa na nnọkọ ịgba egwu mkpanaka na-agba anyị ume ka anyị # ileda anya ma nwee ekele maka oke osimiri miri emi na ịkwado maka mmachibido iwu DSM. TOF mụtara ma kesaa sayensị kachasị mma dịnụ, kparịtara ụka na nkwado iwu nke DSM, depụtara isi okwu na ntinye aka, yana atụmatụ ya na ndị ọrụ ibe, ndị mmekọ, na ndị nnọchiteanya obodo si n'akụkụ ụwa dum. Ihe omume akụkụ dị iche iche lekwasịrị anya kpọmkwem na DSM, yana n'oké osimiri miri emi, ụdị ndụ dị iche iche ya, na ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi ọ na-enye.

Palau hibere Alliance Against Deep Seabed Mining, ma sonye na Fiji na Samoa (Federated States of Micronesia abanyela kemgbe). Dr. Sylvia Earle kwadoro megide DSM n'usoro iwu na nke nkịtị; Mkparịta ụka mkparịta ụka na UNCLOS dara ụda mgbe onye nnochite anya ntorobịa jụrụ otu esi eme mkpebi ndị nwere mmetụta dị n'etiti ọgbọ na-enweghị ndụmọdụ ndị ntorobịa; na Onye isi ala France Macron tụrụ ọtụtụ mmadụ n'anya site n'ịkpọ oku maka usoro iwu ka ọ kwụsị DSM, na-ekwu: "anyị ga-emepụta usoro iwu iji kwụsị igwu egwu n'oké osimiri na ịghara ikwe ka ihe omume ọhụrụ na-etinye ihe ndị dị ndụ n'ihe ize ndụ."

Ihe nlere anya na Acidification Ocean

Oke osimiri na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nhazi ihu igwe ma na-enwe mmetụta nke ịba ụba carbon dioxide. Ya mere, mgbanwe ọnọdụ oké osimiri bụ isiokwu dị mkpa. E gosipụtara okpomoku nke oke osimiri, deoxygenation, na acidification (OA) na mkparịta ụka mmekọrịta nke mere ka onye nnọchi anya US Climate Envoy John Kerry na ndị mmekọ TOF, gụnyere Global Ocean Acidification Observing Network Co-oche Dr. Steve Widdicombe na Secretariat maka International Alliance to Combat Ocean. Acidification Jessie Turner, dị ka oche na panelist, n'otu n'otu.

Alexis Valauri-Orton mere ntinye aka nke ọma n'aha TOF, na-achọpụta nkwado anyị na-aga n'ihu maka ngwá ọrụ, ọzụzụ na nkwado nke na-enyere aka ịbawanye nleba anya acidification nke oke osimiri na mpaghara ndị na-erite uru na data ndị a.

Ịnweta Ihe Omume Oke Osimiri n'ụwa niile

TOF tinyere aka na ọtụtụ mmemme mebere nke dị maka ndị sonyere na ọgbakọ ahụ si gburugburu ụwa. Frances Lang gosipụtara n'aha TOF na kọmpụta mebere ya na ndị omekome a na-akwanyere ùgwù sitere na Mahadum Edinburgh, Patagonia Europe, Save The Waves, Surfrider Foundation, na Ndị na-emepụta ụlọ ọrụ Surf.

Ihe omume ahụ, nke Surfers Against Sewage haziri, kpọkọtara ndị na-eduga mgbasa ozi, ndị ọkà mmụta, ndị NGO, na ndị nnọchiteanya egwuregwu mmiri iji kwurịta otú e nwere ike isi mee ihe omume na sayensị ụmụ amaala na-emetụta mkpebi mpaghara, amụma mba, na arụmụka mba ụwa iji chebe ma weghachite anyị. oke osimiri. Ndị ọkà okwu ahụ tụlere mkpa ọ dị ịnweta ọrụ oke osimiri maka ọkwa niile nke ọha mmadụ, site na nchịkọta data ụsọ mmiri nke ndị ọrụ afọ ofufo obodo na-edu ruo na nkuzi mmiri mmiri K-12 nke mmekorita na ndị ndu obodo na-akwalite. 

TOF haziri mmemme mebere n'asụsụ abụọ (Bekee na Spanish) lekwasịrị anya n'ibelata mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe site na mweghachi nke gburugburu mmiri na oke osimiri. Onye na-ahụ maka mmemme TOF Alejandra Navarrete kwadoro mkparịta ụka siri ike gbasara imejuputa ihe ngwọta dabere na okike na mpaghara mpaghara yana na ọkwa mba na Mexico. Onye na-ahụ maka mmemme TOF Ben Scheelk na ndị otu ndị ọzọ na-ekerịta ka mangroves, coral reefs, na seagrasses si enye ọrụ dị mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi maka mgbanwe mgbanwe ihu igwe na mbelata, yana ka esi egosipụta mweghachi carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ iji nwetaghachi ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na ebe obibi ndị metụtara ya.

Ọchịchị oke osimiri dị elu

Mark J. Spalding, na ọrụ ya dị ka Sargasso Sea Commissioner, kwuru okwu n'akụkụ ihe omume na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ SARGADOM maka "ọchịchị Hybrid in the High Seas". 'SARGADOM' na-ejikọta aha saịtị abụọ a na-elekwasị anya na ọrụ ahụ - Oké Osimiri Sargasso dị na North Atlantic na Thermal Dome na Eastern Tropical Pacific. Ndị Fonds Français pour l'Environnement Mondial na-akwado ọrụ a.

The Thermal Dome na Eastern Tropical Pacific Ocean na Sargasso Sea na North Atlantic bụ atụmatụ abụọ na-apụta dị ka ikpe ndị na-anya ụgbọelu na ọkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ iji zụlite usoro ọchịchị ngwakọ ọhụrụ, ya bụ ụdị ọchịchị nke jikọtara usoro mpaghara na a. usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ iji nye aka na nchekwa nke ihe ndị dị ndụ na ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi na oke osimiri.

Ocean-Climate Nexus

N'afọ 2007, TOF nyere aka n'ịchọpụta Ocean-Climate Platform. Mark J. Spalding sonyeere ha na 30th nke June ikwu banyere mkpa nke International Panel for Ocean Sustainability ohere maka ntule nke ugbu a na ọdịnihu ọnọdụ nke oké osimiri n'ụzọ yiri International Panel on Climate Change. Ngwa ngwa mgbe nke a gasịrị, Ocean-Climate Platform kwadoro mkparịta ụka nke Oceans of Solutions iji gosipụta oké ọchịchọ nke oké osimiri nke nwere ike ịnweta, na-agbatị, na nke dịgidere; gụnyere TOF Ntinye nke Sargassum mgbalị, nke Mark gosipụtara.

Dị ka ọ na-emekarị na nnọkọ ndị a buru ibu, obere nzukọ ndị a na-akwadoghị na oge oge na-enye aka nke ukwuu. Anyị ji ohere iji zute ndị mmekọ na ndị ọrụ ibe anyị n'ime izu. Mark J. Spalding bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ụlọ ọrụ NGO na-echekwa oke osimiri bụ ndị zutere White House Council on Environmental Quality, na onye isi oche nke White House Office of Science and Technology. N'otu aka ahụ, Mark nọrọ oge na nzukọ "High Level" na ndị mmekọ anyị na Commonwealth Blue Charter iji kparịta usoro ziri ezi, nke gụnyere na nkwado maka nchebe oke osimiri na mmepe akụ na ụba. 

Na mgbakwunye na ntinye aka ndị a, TOF kwadoro ọtụtụ ihe omume ndị ọzọ na ndị ọrụ TOF kwadoro mkparịta ụka dị oke egwu gbasara mmetọ plastik, ebe a na-echebe mmiri, oke acidification, nkwụsị ihu igwe, nzaghachi mba ụwa, na ntinye aka nke ụlọ ọrụ.

Nsonaazụ na-atụ anya

Isiokwu nke UN Ocean Conference 2022 bụ "Ịkwalite ọrụ oke osimiri dabere na sayensị na ihe ọhụrụ maka mmejuputa ebumnuche 14: ịzụ ahịa, mmekorita na ngwọta." Ha dị mmezu ndị pụtara ìhè metụtara isiokwu a, gụnyere mmụba na-abawanye na nlebara anya a na-akwụ maka ihe egwu dị n'oké osimiri acidification, ikike mweghachi nke carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na ihe egwu dị na DSM. Ụmụ nwanyị bụ ndị ike a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha na ọgbakọ ahụ dum, ebe ndị inyom na-eduzi pụtara dị ka ụfọdụ mkparịta ụka kacha mkpa na nke nwere mmasị n'izu (ndị nnọchiteanya TOF nwere ihe dị ka 90% ụmụ nwanyị).

Enwekwara mpaghara ndị TOF ghọtara ebe anyị kwesịrị ịhụ ọganihu karịa, ohere dị mma na nsonye ka ukwuu:

• Anyị chọpụtara enweghị nnochite anya na-adịghị ala ala na paịlị ndị gọọmentị na mmemme ahụ, agbanyeghị, na ntinye aka, nzụkọ nkịtị, na ihe omume ndị sitere na mba ndị nwere obere akụ na-enwekarị ihe ndị kachasị mkpa, ndị nwere ike ime, na ihe ndị dị mkpa iji kwurịta.
• Olileanya anyị bụ ịhụkwu nnọchite anya, nsonye, ​​na omume sitere na nnukwu itinye ego na njikwa mpaghara nchekwa mmiri, ịkwụsị ịkụ azụ IUU, na igbochi mmetọ rọba.
• Anyị na-atụkwa anya ịhụ nkwụsị ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụ na DSM n'afọ na-abịa.
• Mmekọrịta ndị na-eme ihe ike, na mmekọrịta siri ike na nke siri ike na ndị ahụ metụtara ga-adị mkpa maka ndị niile na-abịa na UN Ocean Conference iji nweta ihe niile anyị kpebiri ime. Maka TOF, o doro anya na ọrụ anyị na-arụ dị ezigbo mkpa.

'Afọ nke oké osimiri' na-aga n'ihu na Mangrove Congress of America na October, COP27 na November, na UN Biodiversity Conference na December. N'ime ihe ndị a na ihe omume ụwa ndị ọzọ, TOF na-atụ anya ịhụ na ịkwado maka ọganihu na-aga n'ihu n'ịhụ na olu nke ọ bụghị naanị ndị nwere ike ime mgbanwe kamakwa ndị na-emetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe na mbibi oké osimiri. Nzukọ UN Ocean na-esote ga-eme na 2025.