Mgbanwe omume ọgụgụ isi na nchekwa mmiri

LAghachi n'ime nchọpụta

Tebulu ọdịnaya

1. Okwu Mmalite
2. Ihe ndabere nke ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri
- Nchịkọta 2.1
- 2.2 Usoro nzikọrịta ozi
3. Mgbanwe omume
- 3.1. nchịkọta
- 3.2. Ngwa
- 3.3. Mmetụta ọmịiko dabere n'okike
4. Education
- 4.1 STEM na oké osimiri
- 4.2 akụrụngwa maka ndị nkuzi K-12
5. Ụdị dị iche iche, nha nhata, nsonye, ​​na ikpe ziri ezi
6. Ụkpụrụ, Usoro, na egosi

1. Okwu Mmalite

Otu n'ime ihe mgbochi kachasị mkpa maka ọganihu na mpaghara nchekwa mmiri bụ enweghị nghọta n'ezie maka mkpa, adịghị ike, na njikọ nke usoro oké osimiri. Nnyocha na-egosi na ọha na eze akwadoghị nke ọma na ihe ọmụma gbasara ihe gbasara oke osimiri na ịnweta agụmagụ oké osimiri dị ka ngalaba ọmụmụ na ụzọ ọrụ ga-ekwe omume bụ nke akụkọ ihe mere eme na-ezighị ezi. Ihe oru ngo kacha ọhụrụ nke Ocean Foundation, nke Kụzie maka mmalite mmalite nke oke osimiri, e hiwere na 2022 iji gboo nsogbu a. Teach For the Ocean raara onwe ya nye n'ịgbanwe ụzọ anyị si akụzi ihe banyere oké osimiri n'ime ngwá ọrụ na usoro na-agba ume ọhụrụ ụkpụrụ na àgwà n'ihi na oké osimiri. Iji kwado mmemme a, e bu n’obi n’ibe nchọcha iji nye nkọwapụta nke data dị ugbu a na ihe na-eme n’oge na-adịbeghị anya gbasara agụmagụ oké osimiri na mgbanwe omume nchekwa yana ịchọpụta oghere ndị The Ocean Foundation nwere ike mejupụta na atụmatụ a.

Gịnị bụ agụmagụ oké osimiri?

Ọ bụ ezie na nkọwa ya dị iche iche n'etiti akwụkwọ, n'okwu dị mfe, agụmagụ oké osimiri bụ nghọta nke mmetụta oké osimiri na-emetụta ndị mmadụ na ụwa dum. Ọ bụ otú mmadụ si mara banyere gburugburu oké osimiri na otú ahụ ike na ọdịmma nke oké osimiri nwere ike isi metụta onye ọ bụla, tinyere ihe ọmụma zuru oke banyere oké osimiri na ndụ ndị dị n'ime ya, nhazi ya, ọrụ ya, na otú e si akọwa nke a. ihe ọmụma nye ndị ọzọ.

Gịnị bụ mgbanwe omume?

Mgbanwe omume bụ ọmụmụ banyere otu na ihe kpatara ndị mmadụ ji agbanwe àgwà na omume ha, yana otu ndị mmadụ nwere ike isi kpalie omume iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi. Dị ka ọ dị n'agụmakwụkwọ oké osimiri, enwere ụfọdụ arụmụka gbasara nkọwapụta nke mgbanwe omume, mana ọ na-agụnyekarị echiche ndị na-etinye echiche nke mmụọ na àgwà na ime mkpebi maka nchekwa.

Kedu ihe a ga-eme iji nyere aka dozie oghere dị na agụmakwụkwọ, ọzụzụ, na itinye aka na obodo?

Ụzọ agụmagụ oké osimiri nke TOF gbadoro anya na olile anya, omume, na mgbanwe omume, isiokwu dị mgbagwoju anya nke Onye isi oche TOF Mark J. Spalding tụlere na anyị blog na 2015. Teach For the Ocean na-enye modul ọzụzụ, ozi na ịkparịta ụka n'Ịntanet, na ọrụ ndụmọdụ iji kwado obodo anyị nke ndị nkuzi mmiri ka ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji kwalite ụzọ ha na-ezi ihe na ịzụlite ha ebumnobi omume iji wepụta nọgidere omume mgbanwe. Enwere ike ịchọta ozi ndị ọzọ na Teach For the Ocean na ibe mbụ anyị, Ebe a.

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2. Agụmakwụkwọ oké osimiri

Nchịkọta 2.1

Marrero na Payne. (June 2021). Ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri: Site na Ripple ruo na Wave. N’akwụkwọ: agụta oké osimiri: Understanding the Ocean, p.21-39. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-70155-0_2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication /352804017_Ocean_Literacy_Understanding _the_Ocean

Enwere mkpa siri ike maka ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri n'oke mba ụwa n'ihi na oke osimiri gafere oke obodo. Akwụkwọ a na-enye usoro mmụta dị iche iche maka agụmakwụkwọ oke osimiri na ịgụ akwụkwọ. Isiakwụkwọ a na-enye akụkọ ihe mere eme nke agụmagụ oké osimiri, na-eme njikọ na ebumnuche United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14, ma na-atụ aro maka nzikọrịta ozi na omume agụmakwụkwọ ka mma. Isiakwụkwọ a na-amalite na United States wee gbasaa obosara iji kpuchie ndụmọdụ maka ngwa zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Marrero, ME, Payne, DL, & Breidahl, H. (2019). Okwu maka imekọ ihe n'ịkwalite agụmagụ oke osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ. Oke na Sayensị Marine, 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00325 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333941293_The_Case_for_Collaboration_ to_Foster_Global_Ocean_Literacy

Ịmụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri tolitere site na mbọ nkwado dị n'etiti ndị nkuzi nkịtị na ndị nkuzi, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, ndị ọrụ gọọmentị, na ndị ọzọ nwere mmasị ịkọwapụta ihe ndị mmadụ kwesịrị ịma gbasara oke osimiri. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ekwusi ike na ọrụ nke netwọk agụmakwụkwọ mmiri na-arụ ọrụ nke mmuta oké osimiri zuru ụwa ọnụ ma na-atụle mkpa nke imekọ ihe ọnụ na ime ihe iji kwalite ọdịnihu nke oké osimiri. Akwụkwọ akụkọ ahụ na-arụ ụka na netwọk agụmagụ oké osimiri kwesịrị ịrụkọ ọrụ ọnụ site n'ilekwasị anya na ndị mmadụ na mmekorita iji mepụta ngwaahịa, ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị mkpa ka a na-emekwu ihe iji mepụta ihe ndị siri ike, na-agbanwe agbanwe, na ndị ọzọ na-agụnye.

Uyarra, MC, na Borja, Á. (2016). agụmagụ oké osimiri: echiche 'ọhụrụ' socio na gburugburu ebe obibi maka ojiji nke oke osimiri na-adigide. Akwụkwọ akụkọ mmetọ mmiri 104, 1–2. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.060 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 298329423_Ocean_literacy_A_’new’_socio-ecological_concept_for_a_sustainable_use_ of_the_seas

Ntụle nyocha echiche ọha na eze maka iyi egwu mmiri na nchebe n'ụwa niile. Ọtụtụ ndị zara ajụjụ kwenyere na gburugburu mmiri dị n'ihe egwu. Emetọ ebe kachasị elu sochiri ịkụ azụ, mgbanwe ebe obibi, na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ọtụtụ ndị na-aza ajụjụ na-akwado ebe nchekwa mmiri na mpaghara ma ọ bụ obodo ha. Ọtụtụ ndị na-aza ajụjụ chọrọ ịhụ ebe nchekwa oke osimiri karịa ka e nwere ugbu a. Nke a na-akwado ọrụ ntinye aka n'oké osimiri ka ọ na-egosi na nkwado maka mmemme ndị a dị n'ebe ahụ ọbụlagodi na nkwado maka ọrụ oke osimiri ndị ọzọ enwebeghị.

Gelcich, S., Buckley, P., Pinnegar, JK, Chilvers, J., Lorenzoni, I., Terry, G., et al. (2014). Mmata ọhaneze, nchegbu, na ihe ndị ka mkpa gbasara mmetụta anthropogenic na gburugburu mmiri. Usoro nke National Academies of Science USA 111, 15042-15047. dị: 10.1073 / pnas.1417344111 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 267749285_Public_awareness_concerns_and _priorities_about_anthropogenic_impacts_on _marine_environments

Ọkwa nke nchegbu gbasara mmetụta mmiri nwere njikọ chiri anya na ọkwa nke ọmụma. Mmetọ na ịkụ azụ bụ akụkụ abụọ ndị ọha na-ebute ụzọ maka mmepe amụma. Ọkwa ntụkwasị obi na-adịgasị iche n'etiti isi mmalite ozi dị iche iche yana ọ kachasị maka ndị gụrụ akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ ndị ọkà mmụta mana ọ dị ala maka gọọmentị ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na ọha na eze na-aghọta ngwa ngwa nke mmetụta anthropogenic nke mmiri ma na-enwe nchegbu nke ukwuu maka mmetọ oke osimiri, ịhịa aka n'ahụ, na acidification oké osimiri. Ịwepụta mmata ọha, nchegbu, na ihe ndị ka mkpa nwere ike ime ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị na-enye ego nwee ike ịghọta otú ọha na eze si metụta gburugburu mmiri, mmetụta, na ịhazi ihe ndị nchịkwa na amụma dị mkpa na ọchịchọ ọha.

The Ocean Project (2011). America na Oke Osimiri: Mmelite kwa afọ 2011. The Ocean Project. https://theoceanproject.org/research/

Inwe njikọ nkeonwe na okwu oke osimiri dị mkpa iji nweta nkwado ogologo oge na nchekwa. Usoro mmekọrịta ọha na eze na-ekwupụtakarị omume ndị mmadụ na-enwe mmasị mgbe ha na-ekpebi ihe ngwọta maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ na-aga n'oké osimiri, zoos, na aquarium akwadolarị ichekwa oke osimiri. Maka ọrụ nchekwa ka ọ dị irè ogologo oge, kpọmkwem, mpaghara, na omume onwe onye kwesịrị imesi ike ma gbaa ya ume. Nnyocha a bụ mmelite nye America, Oké Osimiri, na Mgbanwe Climate: New Research Insights for Conservation, Awareness, and Action (2009) na Ịkọrọ Banyere Oké Osimiri: Nsonaazụ nke National Survey (1999).

National Marine Sanctuary Foundation. (2006, Disemba). Ọgbakọ na akụkọ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri. Ọnwa Isii 7-8, 2006, Washington, DC

Akuko a sitere na nzuko 2006 nke National Conference on Ocean Literacy mere na Washington, DC Ihe lekwasịrị anya n'ogbako a bụ ime ka mbọ ndị nkuzi mmiri na-agba iji webata mmụta n'oké osimiri n'ime klaasị gburugburu United States. Nzukọ ahụ chọpụtara na iji nweta mba nke ụmụ amaala na-agụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri, mgbanwe usoro na usoro agụmakwụkwọ anyị na usoro agụmakwụkwọ dị mkpa.

2.2 Usoro nzikọrịta ozi

Toomey, A. (2023, Febụwarị). Ihe kpatara na eziokwu anaghị agbanwe echiche: Nghọta sitere na Sayensị Nghọta maka Nkwukọrịta Mmelite nke Nnyocha Nchekwa. Nchekwa ndu ndu, Oke 278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /367764901_Why_facts_don%27t_change _minds_Insights_from_cognitive_science_for_ the_improved_communication_of_ conservation_research

Toomey na-enyocha ma na-agba mbọ ịchụpụ akụkọ ifo gbasara otu esi emekọrịta sayensị nke ọma maka ime mkpebi, gụnyere akụkọ ifo ndị na: eziokwu na-agbanwe echiche, mmuta sayensị ga-eduga n'ịkwalite nyocha, mgbanwe omume onye ọ bụla ga-agbanwe omume mkpokọta, na mgbasa ozi sara mbara kacha mma. Kama nke ahụ, ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka na nkwurịta okwu sayensị dị irè na-abịa site na: itinye uche na-elekọta mmadụ maka ime mkpebi kachasị mma, ịghọta ike nke ụkpụrụ, mmetụta uche, na ahụmahụ na-atụgharị uche, na-agbanwe àgwà mkpokọta, na iche echiche nke ọma. Mgbanwe a n'echiche na-ewuli n'elu nkwudo ndị ọzọ na ndị na-akwado maka ime ihe kpọmkwem iji hụ mgbanwe dị ogologo oge na omume.

Hudson, CG, Knight, E., nso, SL, Landrum, JP, Bednarek, A., & Shouse, B. (2023). Ịkọ akụkọ iji ghọta mmetụta nyocha: Akụkọ sitere na mmemme Lenfest Ocean. ISI Akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị mmiri, Vol. 80, Nke 2, 394-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac169. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /364162068_Telling_stories _to_understand_research_impact_narratives _from_the_Lenfest_Ocean_Program?_sg=sT_Ye5Yb3P-pL9a9fUZD5ODBv-dQfpLaqLr9J-Bieg0mYIBcohU-hhB2YHTlUOVbZ7HZxmFX2tbvuQQ

Mmemme Lenfest Ocean haziri ọmụmụ iji nyochaa inye onyinye ha iji ghọta ma ọrụ ha na-arụ ọrụ ma n'ime na n'èzí nke agụmakwụkwọ. Nyocha ha na-enye echiche na-adọrọ mmasị site n'ile anya na akụkọ akụkọ iji chọpụta ịdị irè nke nyocha. Ha chọpụtara na enwere nnukwu uru n'iji akụkọ akụkọ na-etinye aka na ntụgharị uche nke onwe na iji nyochaa mmetụta nke ọrụ ha na-akwụ ụgwọ. Isi ihe ewepụrụ bụ na ịkwado nyocha nke na-egbo mkpa nke ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri na osimiri chọrọ iche echiche banyere mmetụta nyocha n'ụzọ zuru oke karịa ịgụ naanị akwụkwọ ndị ọgbọ nyochara.

Kelly, R., Evans, K., Alexander, K., Bettiol, S., Corney, S… Pecl, GT (2022, Febụwarị). Ijikọ na oke osimiri: ịkwado agụmagụ oké osimiri na itinye aka na ọha. Rev Fish Biol Fish. 2022;32(1):123-143. doi: 10.1007/s11160-020-09625-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349213591_Connecting_to_the_oceans _supporting _ocean_literacy_and_public_engagement

Nghọta ọha na eze na-emewanye nke ọma banyere oke osimiri na mkpa ọ dị n'oké osimiri na-adigide, ma ọ bụ agụmagụ oké osimiri, dị mkpa maka imezu nkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mmepe na-adigide site na 2030 na gafere. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ lekwasịrị anya na ndị ọkwọ ụgbọala anọ nwere ike imetụta ma melite mmuta oké osimiri na njikọ ọha na eze na oké osimiri: (1) agụmakwụkwọ, (2) njikọ omenala, (3) mmepe nkà na ụzụ, na (4) mgbanwe ihe ọmụma na njikọ sayensị-usoro iwu. Ha na-enyocha ka onye ọkwọ ụgbọ ala ọ bụla na-ekere òkè n'ịkwalite echiche nke oke osimiri iji kpalite nkwado ọha na eze karịa. Ndị ode akwụkwọ ahụ mepụtara ngwa agụmagụ oké osimiri, ihe enyemaka bara uru maka ịkwalite njikọ oke osimiri n'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ gburugburu ụwa.

Knowlton, N. (2021). Olileanya nke oke osimiri: Ịgafe n'ofe obituaries na nchekwa mmiri. Nyocha kwa afọ nke Sayensị mmiri mmiri, Vol. 13, 479- 499. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040220-101608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 341967041_Ocean_Optimism_Moving_Beyond _the_Obituaries_in_Marine_Conservation

Ọ bụ ezie na oké osimiri enweela ọtụtụ mfu, ihe àmà na-amụbawanye na-egosi na a na-enwe ọganihu dị mkpa na nchekwa mmiri. Ọtụtụ n'ime ihe ndị a rụzuru nwere ọtụtụ uru, gụnyere ọdịmma mmadụ ka mma. Ọzọkwa, nghọta ka mma nke otu esi etinye atụmatụ nchekwa n'ụzọ dị irè, teknụzụ ọhụrụ na ọdụ data, ịba ụba nke sayensị okike na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na iji nkwa ihe ọmụma nke obodo na-aga n'ihu. Ọ dịghị otu ngwọta; mbọ na-aga nke ọma anaghị adị ngwa ngwa ma ọ bụ dị ọnụ ala ma chọọ ntụkwasị obi na imekọ ihe ọnụ. Ka o sina dị, itinyekwu uche n'ihe ngwọta na ihe ịga nke ọma ga-enyere ha aka ịghọ ihe a na-emekarị karịa ka ọ dị iche.

Fielding, S., Copley, JT na Mills, RA (2019). Ịchọgharị n'oké osimiri anyị: Iji klaasị zuru ụwa ọnụ iji zụlite ọgụgụ isi n'oké osimiri. Oke na Sayensị Marine 6:340. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00340 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 334018450_Exploring_Our_Oceans_Using _the_Global_Classroom_to_Develop_ Ocean_Literacy

Ịzụlite agụmagụ oké osimiri nke ndị mmadụ nọ n'afọ ndụ nile sitere na mba nile, omenala, na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba dị mkpa iji mee ka nhọrọ maka ibi ndụ na-adịgide adịgide n'ọdịnihu, mana otu esi eru na ịnọchite anya olu dị iche iche bụ ihe ịma aka. Iji dozie nsogbu a ndị odee kere Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) iji nye ngwá ọrụ ga-ekwe omume iji nweta ebumnobi a, n'ihi na ha nwere ike iru ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke ndị mmadụ gụnyere ndị si mpaghara obere na nke etiti.

Simmons, B., Archie, M., Clark, S., na Braus, J. (2017). Ntuziaka maka Ọkachamma: Mmekọrịta obodo. Òtù North America maka mmụta gburugburu ebe obibi. PDF. https://eepro.naaee.org/sites/default/files/ eepro-post-files/ community_engagement_guidelines_pdf.pdf

NAAEE bipụtara ntuziaka obodo na akụrụngwa nkwado na-enye nghọta maka otu ndị isi obodo nwere ike isi too dị ka ndị nkuzi na itinye ihe dị iche iche. Ntuziaka njikọ aka obodo na-ekwu na njirimara ise bụ isi maka itinye aka dị mma bụ ijide n'aka na mmemme bụ: gbadoro ụkwụ na obodo, dabere na ụkpụrụ mmụta gburugburu ebe obibi dị mma, imekọ ihe ọnụ na nke gụnyere, gbadoro anya n'iwulite ikike na ime obodo, na itinye ego na ogologo oge. gbanwee. Akuko a mechiri site na ihe ndi ozo nke ga-abara ndi na-abughi ndi nkuzi aka na-acho imekwu ihe iji soro ndi obodo ha na-akpakọrịta.

Steel, BS, Smith, C., Opsommer, L., Curiel, S., Warner-Steel, R. (2005). Ọha na-agụ n'oké osimiri na United States. Oke osimiri. Jikwaa. 2005, Vol. 48, 97–114. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223767179_Public_ocean_literacy_in _the_United_States

Ọmụmụ ihe a na-enyocha ọkwa ọhaneze dị ugbu a gbasara oke osimiri ma na-enyochakwa njikọ nke njide ihe ọmụma. Ọ bụ ezie na ndị bi n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-ekwu na ha maara ntakịrị ihe karịa ndị bi n'ebe ndị na-adịghị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ma ndị na-aza ajụjụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ndị na-abụghị nke osimiri nwere nsogbu ịchọta okwu dị mkpa na ịza ajụjụ ajụjụ oké osimiri. Ọkwa dị ala nke ihe ọmụma gbasara ihe gbasara oke osimiri na-egosi mkpa ọhaneze nweta ozi ka mma ewepụtara nke ọma. N'ihe gbasara otu esi ewepụta ozi, ndị nchọpụta ahụ chọpụtara na telivishọn na redio nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na njide ihe ọmụma na ịntanetị nwere mmetụta dị mma n'ozuzu ya na njide ihe ọmụma.

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3. Mgbanwe omume

Nchịkọta 3.1

Thomas-Walters, L., McCallum, J., Montgomery, R., Petros, C., Wan, AKY, Veríssimo, D. (2022, Septemba) Nleba anya n'usoro nke ihe nchekwa nchekwa iji kwalite mgbanwe omume afọ ofufo. Usoro nchekwa ndu. doi: 10.1111/cobi.14000. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363384308_Systematic_review _of_conservation_interventions_to_ promote_voluntary_behavior_change

Ịghọta akparamagwa mmadụ dị oke mkpa n'ịzụlite mmemme na-eduga n'ụzọ dị irè na mgbanwe omume gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ mere nyocha nke usoro iji chọpụta otú ọrụ ndị na-abụghị ego na ndị na-achịkwaghị achịkwa siworo na-agbanwe omume gburugburu ebe obibi, na ihe karịrị 300,000 ndekọ na-elekwasị anya na ọmụmụ 128 n'otu n'otu. Ọtụtụ nchọpụta gosipụtara mmetụta dị mma na ndị nchọpụta ahụ chọpụtara ihe àmà siri ike na agụmakwụkwọ, mkpali na nzaghachi nzaghachi nwere ike ime ka mgbanwe omume dị mma, ọ bụ ezie na ntinye aka kachasị mma jiri ọtụtụ ụdị ntinye aka n'ime otu mmemme. Ọzọkwa, data a pụtara ìhè na-egosi mkpa ọ dị maka ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ na data ọnụọgụ dị mkpa iji kwado mpaghara na-eto eto nke mgbanwe omume gburugburu ebe obibi.

Huckins, G. (2022, Ọgọst, 18). The Psychology of Inspiration and Climate Action. Ekwenyere. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/ the-psychology-of-inspiring-everyday-climate-action.html

Edemede a na-enye nkọwa sara mbara nke otu nhọrọ na omume onye ọ bụla nwere ike isi nyere ihu igwe aka ma kọwaa ka nghọta mgbanwe omume nwere ike isi gbaa ume ime ihe. Nke a na-akọwapụta nnukwu nsogbu nke ọtụtụ mmadụ na-amata ihe egwu nke mgbanwe ihu igwe mmadụ na-akpata, ma ole na ole maara ihe ha nwere ike ime n'otu n'otu iji belata ya.

Tavri, P. (2021). Ọdịiche bara uru: nnukwu ihe mgbochi na-akwado mgbanwe omume. Akwụkwọ ozi agụmakwụkwọ, Nkeji edemede 501. DOI:10.20935 / AL501 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350316201_Value_action_gap_a_ major_barrier_in_sustaining_behaviour_change

Akwụkwọ mgbanwe omume na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi (nke ka na-ejedebe na mpaghara ndị ọzọ gburugburu ebe obibi) na-egosi na e nwere ihe mgbochi a na-akpọ "value action gap". N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, enwere oghere na ntinye nke echiche, dịka echiche na-eche na ụmụ mmadụ bụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya na-eji ozi enyere n'usoro. Onye edemede ahụ kwubiri site n'ịtụ aro na ọdịiche omume uru bara bụ otu n'ime ihe mgbochi dị mkpa maka ịkwado mgbanwe omume nakwa na ọ dị oké mkpa ịtụle ụzọ isi zere echiche na-ezighị ezi na ọtụtụ amaghị ihe na mmalite mgbe ịmepụta nkwurịta okwu, ntinye aka, na ihe ndozi maka mgbanwe omume.

Balmford, A., Bradbury, RB, Bauer, JM, Broad, S. . . Nielsen, KS (2021). Iji sayensị omume mmadụ mee ihe nke ọma karị na ntinye nchekwa. Nchekwa ndu ndu, 261, 109256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109256 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 353175141_Making_more_effective _use_of_human_behavioural_science_in _conservation_interventions

Nchekwa na-abụkarị mmega ahụ n'ịgbalị ịgbanwe àgwà mmadụ. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka na sayensị omume abụghị mgbọ ọlaọcha maka nchekwa na mgbanwe ụfọdụ nwere ike ịdị nwayọọ, nwa oge, na ihe ndị gbara ya gburugburu, ma mgbanwe nwere ike ime, ọ bụ ezie na a chọrọ nyocha ọzọ. Ozi a na-enye aka karịsịa maka ndị na-emepe emepe mmemme ọhụrụ na-eleba anya na mgbanwe omume dị ka usoro na ọbụna ihe atụ ndị dị na akwụkwọ a na-enye ntụzịaka ziri ezi nke usoro isii a tụrụ aro maka ịhọrọ, imejuputa na nyocha mgbanwe omume maka ichekwa ihe dị iche iche.

Gravert, C. na Nobel, N. (2019). Sayensị omume etinyere n'ọrụ: Ntuziaka mmalite. Na-enweghị mmetụta. PDF.

Okwu mmeghe a nke sayensị omume na-enye nzụlite n'ozuzu na ubi, ozi gbasara ụbụrụ mmadụ, ka esi ahazi ozi, na echiche nkịtị. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ewepụta ihe atụ nke mkpebi mmadụ ime mgbanwe omume. Ntuziaka ahụ na-enye ozi maka ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ iji nyochaa ihe kpatara na ndị mmadụ anaghị eme ihe ziri ezi maka gburugburu ebe obibi yana otú enweghị mmasị na-egbochi mgbanwe omume. Ọrụ kwesịrị ịdị mfe ma kwụ ọtọ na ebumnuche na ngwaọrụ ntinye - ihe niile dị mkpa ndị nọ na ụwa nchekwa kwesịrị ịtụle mgbe ị na-agbalị ime ka ndị mmadụ tinye aka na nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi.

Wynes, S. na Nicholas, K. (2017, Julaị). Ọdịiche mbelata ihu igwe: agụmakwụkwọ na ndụmọdụ gọọmentị na-atụfu omume onye ọ bụla kacha dị irè. Akwụkwọ Ozi Maka Ọnọdụ gburugburu, Vol. 12, Nke 7 DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 318353145_The_climate_mitigation _gap_Education_and_government_ recommendations_miss_the_most_effective _individual_actions

Mgbanwe ihu igwe na-emebi gburugburu ebe obibi. Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-eleba anya ka ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu nwere ike isi mee ihe iji dozie nsogbu a. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-atụ aro ka e mee ihe mmetụta dị elu na nke dị ala, kpọmkwem: nwee obere nwa, na-ebi ndụ n'enweghị ụgbọ ala, zere njem ụgbọ elu, na iri nri sitere na osisi. Ọ bụ ezie na aro ndị a nwere ike iyi ihe na-adịghị mma nye ụfọdụ, ha bụ isi na mkparịta ụka ugbu a banyere mgbanwe ihu igwe na omume onye ọ bụla. Isiokwu a bara uru maka ndị na-achọ ozi ndị ọzọ gbasara agụmakwụkwọ na omume onye ọ bụla.

Schultz, PW, na FG Kaiser. (2012). Ịkwalite omume na-akwado gburugburu ebe obibi. Na pịa na S. Clayton, nchịkọta akụkọ. Akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke akparamagwa gburugburu ebe obibi na nchekwa. Mahadum Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 365789168_The_Oxford_Handbook _of_Environmental_and _Conservation_Psychology

Psychology nchekwa nchekwa bụ ubi na-eto eto nke na-elekwasị anya na mmetụta nke echiche mmadụ, àgwà na omume na ọdịmma gburugburu ebe obibi. Akwụkwọ ntuziaka a na-enye nkọwa doro anya na nkọwa gbasara akparamaagwa nchekwa yana usoro maka itinye echiche nke akparamagwa nchekwa n'ime nyocha agụmakwụkwọ dị iche iche na ọrụ ubi na-arụsi ọrụ ike. Akwụkwọ a dị oke mkpa maka ndị ọkachamara na ndị ọkachamara na-achọ ịmepụta mmemme gburugburu ebe obibi nke gụnyere itinye aka na ndị na-eme ihe na mpaghara obodo n'ime ogologo oge.

Schultz, W. (2011). Nchekwa pụtara mgbanwe omume. bayoloji nchekwa, Mpịakọta 25, Nke 6, 1080–1083. Society for Conservation Biology DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01766.x https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 51787256_Conservation_Means_Behavior

Nnyocha e mere egosiwo na a na-enwekarị nchegbu ọha na eze gbasara ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi, agbanyeghị, enwebeghị mgbanwe dị egwu na omume onwe onye ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ omume zuru ebe niile. Onye edemede ahụ na-arụ ụka na nchekwa bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ nke a ga-enweta nanị site n'ịgabiga agụmakwụkwọ na mmata iji gbanwee omume n'ezie wee kwubie site n'ikwu na "mgbalị nchekwa nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị sitere n'okike ga-arụ ọrụ nke ọma iji tinye aka na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya" nke gafere mfe. mkpọsa agụmakwụkwọ na mmata.

Dietz, T., G. Gardner, J. Gilligan, P. Stern, na M. Vandenbergh. (2009). Omume ezinulo nwere ike wepụta mkpuru omume iji wedata ikuku carbon nke US ngwa ngwa. Usoro nke National Academy of Sciences 106: 18452–18456. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 38037816_Household_Actions_Can _Provide_a_Behavioral_Wedge_to_Rapidly _Reduce_US_Carbon_Emissions

N'akụkọ ihe mere eme, e mesiri ike na omume nke ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ezinụlọ iji dozie mgbanwe ihu igwe, isiokwu a na-eleba anya na eziokwu nke nkwupụta ndị ahụ. Ndị nchọpụta ahụ na-eji usoro omume iji nyochaa ihe omume iri na asaa ndị mmadụ nwere ike ime iji belata ikuku carbon ha. Ihe ntinye aka gụnyere ma ọnweghị oke na: ihu igwe, isi mmiri na-eru ala, ụgbọ ala na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, mmezi ụgbọ ala na-aga n'ihu, ihicha ahịrị, na ịkwọ ụgbọ ala/ngbanwe njem. Ndị nyocha ahụ chọpụtara na mmejuputa mba nke mmemme ndị a nwere ike ịchekwa ihe ruru nde metric ton nke carbon kwa afọ ma ọ bụ 17% nke ikuku mba US, na-enweghị obere ihe na-akpaghasị ọdịmma ezinụlọ.

Clayton, S., na G. Myers (2015). Psychology nchekwa: nghọta na ịkwalite nlekọta mmadụ maka okike, mbipụta nke abụọ. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey. ISBN: 978-1-118-87460-8 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 330981002_Conservation_psychology _Understanding_and_promoting_human_care _for_nature

Clayton na Myers na-ele mmadụ anya dị ka akụkụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi ma chọpụta ụzọ akparamaagwa si emetụta ahụmịhe mmadụ na okike, yana njikwa na obodo mepere emepe. Akwụkwọ ahụ n'onwe ya na-abanye n'ụzọ zuru ezu na echiche nke akparamaagwa nchekwa, na-enye ihe atụ, na-atụkwa aro ụzọ ndị obodo ga-esi nwekwuo nlekọta maka ọdịdị. Ebumnuche nke akwụkwọ a bụ ịghọta ka ndị mmadụ si eche echiche, ahụmahụ, na mmekọrịta ha na okike nke dị oke mkpa maka ịkwalite nkwado gburugburu ebe obibi yana ọdịmma mmadụ.

Darnton, A. (2008, Julaị). Nkwupụta ntụaka: Nleba anya nke ụdị mgbanwe omume na ojiji ha. Nlebanya mmụta mgbanwe omume GSR. Nnyocha Ọhaneze Ọchịchị. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 254787539_Reference_Report_ An_overview_of_behaviour_change_models _and_their_uses

Akụkọ a na-eleba anya na ọdịiche dị n'etiti ụdị omume na echiche mgbanwe. Akwụkwọ a na-enye nkọwa nke echiche akụ na ụba, omume, na ihe ndị ọzọ dị iche iche na-emetụta omume, ma na-akọwakwa iji ụdị omume, ntụaka maka nghọta mgbanwe, ma mechie na ntuziaka maka iji ụdị omume na echiche mgbanwe. Index nke Darnton na Models na Theories egosipụtara na-eme ka ederede a dị mfe maka ndị ọhụrụ ịghọta mgbanwe omume.

Thrash, T., Moldovan, E., na Oleynick, V. (2014) The Psychology of Inspiration. Ahụike na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya Vol. 8, Nọmba 9. DOI: 10.1111 / spc3.12127. https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Social-and-Personality-Psychology-Compass-1751-9004

Ndị nchọpụta jụrụ ajụjụ n'ime nghọta nke mkpali dị ka akụkụ bụ isi nke omume mkpali. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-ebu ụzọ kọwaa mkpali dabere na nyocha akwụkwọ ntinye aka ma depụta ụzọ dị iche iche. Nke abụọ, ha na-enyocha akwụkwọ ndị na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ahụ nke ọma echiche na nchọpụta, na-emesi ike ọrụ nke mkpali n'ịkwalite inweta ngwongwo ndị na-adịghị ahụkebe. N'ikpeazụ, ha na-aza ajụjụ ugboro ugboro na echiche na-ezighị ezi gbasara mkpali ma na-enye ndụmọdụ gbasara otu esi akwalite mkpali n'ime ndị ọzọ ma ọ bụ onwe ya.

Uzzell, DL 2000. Akụkụ uche-spatial nke nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ. Akwụkwọ akụkọ gbasara mmụọ gburugburu ebe obibi. 20: 307-318. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223072457_The_psycho-spatial_dimension_of_global_ environmental_problems

E mere ọmụmụ ihe na Australia, England, Ireland, na Slovakia. Nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ ọ bụla na-egosi na ọ bụghị naanị na ndị na-aza ajụjụ nwere ike chepụta nsogbu n'ogo ụwa, ma a na-ahụ mmetụta dịpụrụ adịpụ dị ka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na-aghọta na ọ dị njọ karịa ka ha na-esi na onye na-aghọta ihe. Achọpụtakwara mmekọrịta na-agbanwe agbanwe n'etiti mmetụta nke ibu ọrụ maka nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnụ ọgụgụ oghere nke na-ebute mmetụta nke enweghị ike na ọkwa zuru ụwa ọnụ. Akwukwo a mechiri site na nkparita uka nke echiche uche na echiche di iche iche nke na-eme ka nyocha nke onye edemede banyere nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ.

Ngwa 3.2

Cusa, M., Falcão, L., De Jesus, J. et al. (2021). Azụ sitere na mmiri: Amaghị ndị na-azụ ahịa na ọdịdị ụdị azụ̀ a na-ere ahịa. Sustain Sci Vol. 16, 1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00932-z. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350064459_Fish_out_of_water_ consumers’_unfamiliarity_with_the_ appearance_of_commercial_fish_species

Mpempe akwụkwọ nri mmiri na-ekere òkè dị mkpa n'inyere ndị na-azụ ahịa aka n'ịzụta ngwaahịa azụ̀ yana ịgba ume omume ịkụ azụ na-adigide. Ndị ode akwụkwọ nyochara mmadụ 720 gafee mba Europe isii wee chọpụta na ndị na-azụ ahịa Europe enweghị nghọta na-adịghị mma banyere ọdịdị azụ ha na-eri, ebe ndị na-azụ ahịa Britain na-eme ndị kasị daa ogbenye na ndị Spen na-eme nke ọma. Ha chọpụtara mkpa omenala ma ọ bụrụ na azụ nwere mmetụta, ya bụ, ọ bụrụ na ụfọdụ ụdị azụ̀ dị mkpa na omenala, a ga-amata ya n'ọ̀tụ̀tụ̀ dị elu karịa azụ̀ ndị ọzọ a na-ahụkarị. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka na nghọta ahịa ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ ga-anọgide na-emeghe maka mmejọ ruo mgbe ndị na-azụ ahịa na-emekwu njikọ na nri ha.

Sánchez-Jiménez, A., MacMillan, D., Wolff, M., Schlüter, A., Fujitani, M., (2021). Ihe bara uru dị na ịkọ amụma na ịgba ume gburugburu ebe obibi: Ntụleghachi sitere na obere azụ azụ Costa Rican, Oke na Sayensị Marine, 10.3389/fmars.2021.543075, 8, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349589441_The_Importance_of_ Values_in_Predicting_and_Encouraging _Environmental_Behavior_Reflections _From_a_Costa_Rican_Small-Scale_Fishery

N'ihe gbasara obere azụ azụ, omume ịkụ azụ na-adịghị adịgide adịgide na-emebi iguzosi ike n'ezi ihe nke obodo ndị dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ lere anya mgbanwe mgbanwe omume ya na ndị na-akụ azụ̀ gillnet nọ na Ọwara nke Nicoya, Costa Rica, iji tụlere ihe ndị gara aga nke omume gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'etiti ndị sonyere nwetara ntinye aka dabere na gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụkpụrụ nkeonwe na ụkpụrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịkọwa nkwado usoro njikwa, yana ụfọdụ njirimara ịkụ azụ (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ebe ịkụ azụ). Nchoputa a gosiputara mkpa itinye aka na mmuta nke na-akuzi banyere mmetụta nke igbu azu na gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-enyere ndi sonyere aka ghota onwe ha dika ndi nwere ike imejuputa ihe omume.

McDonald, G., Wilson, M., Verissimo, D., Twohey, R., Clemence, M., Apistar, D., Box, S., Butler, P., et al. (2020). Na-eme ka njikwa azụ̀ na-adịgide adịgide site na ntinye mgbanwe omume. bayoloji nchekwa, Vol. 34, Nke 5 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13475 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 339009378_Catalyzing_ sustainable_fisheries_management_though _behavior_change_interventions

Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-achọ ịghọta otú ịzụ ahịa ọha na eze nwere ike isi mee ka echiche nke uru nchịkwa na ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta ọhụrụ. Ndị nyocha ahụ mere nyocha ọhụụ n'okpuru mmiri iji kọwaa ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi yana site n'ime nyocha ezinụlọ n'ofe saịtị 41 na Brazil, Indonesia, na Philippines. Ha chọpụtara na ndị obodo na-etolite ụkpụrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze ọhụrụ na ịkụ azụ na-adịgide adịgide tupu uru gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ akụ na ụba dị ogologo oge nke njikwa azụ̀ amalitebeghị. N'ihi ya, nlekọta azụ̀ kwesịrị imekwu ihe iji chebara ahụmahụ dị ogologo oge nke obodo anya na imegharị ọrụ na mpaghara dabere na ahụmahụ ndụ nke obodo.

Valauri-Orton, A. (2018). Ịgbanwe Omume Boarter iji chebe Seagrass: Ngwá ọrụ maka ịmepụta na imejuputa mgbasa ozi mgbanwe omume maka mgbochi mmebi nke Seagrass. The Ocean Foundation. PDF. https://oceanfdn.org/calculator/kits-for-boaters/

N'agbanyeghị mbọ a na-agba iji belata mmebi ahihia oké osimiri, ịta ahịhịa ahịhịa n'ihi ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ka na-anọgide na-eyi egwu. Akuko a bu n'obi weta usoro kacha mma maka mgbasa ozi mgbasa ozi mgbanwe omume site n'inye atụmatụ mmejuputa ọrụ nzọụkwụ site na nzọụkwụ nke na-emesi mkpa ọ dị ịnye ọnọdụ mpaghara, na-eji ozi doro anya, dị mfe na nke nwere ike ime, na iji echiche nke mgbanwe omume. Akuko a sitere na oru gara aga nke kapịrị ọnụ maka mgbasa ozi ụgbọ mmiri yana oke nchekwa nchekwa na mgbanwe omume mgbasa ozi. Ngwá ọrụ ahụ gụnyere usoro nhazi ihe atụ ma na-enye ihe nhazi na ihe nyocha nke enwere ike ijikwa ya ma megharịa ya site n'aka ndị njikwa ihe onwunwe iji gboo mkpa nke ha. Emepụtara akụrụngwa a na 2016 ma emelitere na 2018.

Costanzo, M., D. Archer, E. Aronson, na T. Pettigrew. 1986. Omume nchekwa ike: ụzọ siri ike si ozi gaa n’omume. Ọkachamara mmụọ nke America 41:521–528.

Mgbe ha hụchara usoro nke naanị ụfọdụ ndị mmadụ na-agbaso usoro nchekwa ike, ndị odee mepụtara ihe atụ iji nyochaa ihe gbasara mmụọ na-ezo aka ka mkpebi mmadụ si ahazi ozi. Ha chọpụtara na ntụkwasị obi nke isi iyi nke ozi, nghọta nke ozi ahụ, na nghọta doro anya nke arụmụka iji chekwaa ike bụ nke kachasị ịhụ mgbanwe ndị na-arụ ọrụ ebe mmadụ ga-eme ihe dị mkpa iji wụnye ma ọ bụ jiri ngwaọrụ nchekwa. Ọ bụ ezie na nke a bụ ike lekwasịrị anya-kama oke osimiri ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọdịdị, ọ bụ otu n'ime nchọpụta mbụ gbasara omume nchekwa nke na-egosipụta ụzọ ubi ahụ sirila nwee ọganihu taa.

3.3 Mmetụta ọmịiko dabere n'okike

Yasué, M., Kockel, A., Dearden, P. (2022). Mmetụta uche nke ebe nchekwa obodo dabere, Nchekwa mmiri: Mkpokọta mmiri na mmiri mmiri, 10.1002/aqc.3801, Vol. 32, Nọmba 6, 1057-1072 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 359316538_The_psychological_impacts_ of_community-based_protected_areas

Ndị edemede Yasué, Kockel, na Dearden lere anya mmetụta dị ogologo oge nke omume nke ndị nọ nso na MPA. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ chọpụtara na ndị na-aza ajụjụ na obodo nwere ndị agadi na ndị okenye MPA chọpụtara ọtụtụ mmetụta dị mma MPA. Ọzọkwa, ndị na-aza ajụjụ sitere na MPA ndị agadi na ndị okenye nwere obere mkpali na-abụghị nke onwe ha itinye aka na njikwa MPA ma nweekwa ụkpụrụ ngafe onwe onye dị elu, dị ka ilekọta ọdịdị. Nsonaazụ ndị a na-atụ aro na MPA dabere na obodo nwere ike ịkwalite mgbanwe mmụọ n'ime obodo dị ka mkpali nnwere onwe ka ukwuu maka ilekọta okike yana nkwalite nraranye onwe onye, ​​nke abụọ nwere ike ịkwado nchekwa.

Lehnen, L., Arbieu, U., Böhning-Gaese, K., Díaz, S., Glikman, J., Mueller, T., (2022). Ịtụgharịgharị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ihe okike, ndị mmadụ na okike, 10.1002/pan3.10296, Vol. 4, Nke 3, 596-611. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357831992_Rethinking_individual _relationships_with_entities_of_nature

Ịghọta ọdịiche dị na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ọdịdị dị iche iche n'okirikiri dị iche iche, ihe ndị e kere eke, na ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu bụ isi maka njikwa ziri ezi nke okike na ntinye aka ya nye ndị mmadụ na ịmepụta atụmatụ dị irè maka ịgba ume na iduzi àgwà mmadụ na-adịgide adịgide. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-arụ ụka na n'ịtụle echiche ndị mmadụ n'otu n'otu na ihe dị iche iche, mgbe ahụ ọrụ nchekwa nwere ike bụrụ nke ziri ezi karị, karịsịa n'ụzọ iji jikwaa uru na mmebi ndị mmadụ na-enweta site na okike, ma na-enyere aka ịmepụta atụmatụ dị irè karị maka ịkwado àgwà mmadụ na nchekwa na nchekwa na. ihe mgbaru ọsọ nkwado.

Fox N, Marshall J, Dankel DJ. (2021, Mee). Ịmụ ihe n'oké osimiri na ịkwọ ụgbọ mmiri: Ịghọta ka Mmekọrịta dị na gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-eme ka ndị ọrụ Blue Space mara banyere oké osimiri. N'ime Ahụhụ Ọha Mmadụ. Vol. 18 No.11, 5819. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115819. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 351962054_Ocean_Literacy _and_Surfing_Understanding_How_Interactions _in_Coastal_Ecosystems _Inform_Blue_Space_ User%27s_Awareness_of_the_Ocean

Ọmụmụ ihe ọmụmụ a nke ndị sonyere 249 gbakọtara ma qualitative na quantitative data lekwasịrị anya na ndị na-eme ihe nkiri n'oké osimiri, kpọmkwem ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri, yana otu ọrụ oghere ha na-acha anụnụ anụnụ nwere ike isi mee ka nghọta nke usoro oke osimiri na njikọ mmadụ na oke osimiri. A na-eji ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri iji nyochaa mmata oke osimiri site na mmekọrịta dị n'oké osimiri iji zụlite n'ihu n'ịghọta ahụmịhe nke ndị na-egwu mmiri, na-eji usoro sistemụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze iji gosipụta nsonaazụ sọfụ. Nsonaazụ chọpụtara na ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri na-enweta n'ezie uru agụmagụ oké osimiri, kpọmkwem atọ n'ime ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri asaa, na ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri bụ uru ọtụtụ ndị na-anya ụgbọ mmiri na-enweta.

Blythe, J., Baird, J., Bennett, N., Dale, G., Nash, K., Pickering, G., Wabnitz, C. (2021, Maachị 3). Ịkwalite mmetụta ọmịiko n'oké osimiri site na ihe ngosi ga-eme n'ọdịnihu. Ndị mmadụ na ọdịdị. 3:1284–1296. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10253. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 354368024_Fostering_ocean_empathy _through_future_scenarios

A na-ewere ọmịiko maka ọdịdị dị ka ihe dị mkpa maka mmekọrịta na-adịgide adịgide na biosphere. Mgbe ha nyechara nchịkọta nke tiori nke mmetụta ọmịiko n'oké osimiri yana enwere ike pụta na omume ma ọ bụ arụghị ọrụ gbasara ọdịnihu nke oke osimiri, nke a na-akpọ ndapụta, ndị odee kpebiri na ọnọdụ enweghị nchekwube butere nnukwu mmetụta ọmịiko ma e jiri ya tụnyere ihe atụ nwere nchekwube. Ọmụmụ ihe a pụtara ama na ọ na-akọwapụta mbelata n'ọkwa ọmịiko (ịlaghachi n'ọkwa ule tupu ule) naanị ọnwa atọ ka e nyechara nkuzi mmetụta ọmịiko n'oké osimiri. Ya mere, iji dị irè n'ime ogologo oge a chọrọ karịa nkuzi ihe ọmụma dị mfe.

Sunassee, A.; Bokhoree, C.; Patrizio, A. (2021). Mmetụta ọmịiko nke ụmụ akwụkwọ nwere maka gburugburu ebe obibi site na nkuzi dabere na Ebe Eco-Art. Ndekọ 2021, 2, 214–247. DOI: 10.3390/ecologies2030014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 352811810_A_Designed_Eco-Art_and_Place-Based_Curriculum_Encouraging_Students%27 _Empathy_for_the_Environment

Ọmụmụ ihe a lere anya ka ụmụ akwụkwọ si metụta ọdịdị, ihe na-emetụta nkwenkwe nwata akwụkwọ na ka esi emetụta àgwà ụmụ akwụkwọ, na otú omume ụmụ akwụkwọ si emetụta nwere ike ime ka ha ghọtakwuo otú ha nwere ike isi tinye aka n'ebumnobi zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ebumnuche nke ọmụmụ a bụ iji nyochaa akwụkwọ nyocha mmụta nke e bipụtara na mpaghara mmụta nkà mmụta gburugburu ebe obibi iji chọpụta ihe kpatara ya nwere mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na ìhè ka ha nwere ike isi nyere aka melite usoro ndị etinyere. Ihe nchoputa a gosiputara na nyocha di otu a nwere ike inye aka kwalite nkuzi nka gburugburu ebe obibi dabere na omume ma buru ihe nleba anya nyocha n'ọdịnihu.

Michael J. Manfredo, Tara L. Teel, Richard EW Berl, Jeremy T. Bruskotter, Shinobu Kitayama, Social uru mgbanwe na ihu ọma nke biodiversity nchekwa na United States, Nature Sustainability, 10.1038/s41893-020-00655-6, 4, 4, (323-330), (2020).

Nnyocha a chọpụtara na mmụba nke nkwado nke ụkpụrụ mutualism (ịhụ anụ ọhịa dị ka akụkụ nke ọha mmadụ na ikike dị ka ụmụ mmadụ) sochiri mbelata nke ụkpụrụ na-emesi ike ike (imeso anụ ọhịa dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka ọdịmma mmadụ), usoro n'ihu. a na-ahụ anya na nyocha ndị otu ọgbọ gafee. Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ chọpụtakwara njikọ siri ike n'etiti ụkpụrụ ọkwa steeti yana usoro n'ime obodo, na-ejikọta mgbanwe na ihe gbasara ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke nnukwu ọkwa. Nsonaazụ na-egosi nsonaazụ dị mma maka nchekwa mana ikike imegharị mpaghara ahụ ga-adị oke mkpa iji mata nsonaazụ ndị ahụ.

Lotze, HK, Onye ọbịa, H., O'Leary, J., Tuda, A., na Wallace, D. (2018). Echiche ọha na eze egwu egwu mmiri na nchebe sitere na gburugburu ụwa. Oke osimiri. Jikwaa. 152, 14–22. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.11.004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321274396_Public_perceptions_of_marine _threats_and_protection_from_around_the _world

Ọmụmụ ihe a tụlere nyocha nke echiche ọha na eze maka iyi egwu mmiri na nchekwa nke metụtara ihe karịrị 32,000 zara ajụjụ n'ofe mba 21. Nsonaazụ na-egosi na 70% nke ndị zara ajụjụ kwenyere na gburugburu mmiri dị n'ihe egwu sitere na ọrụ mmadụ, ma, naanị 15% chere na ahụike oke osimiri adịghị mma ma ọ bụ egwu. Ndị na-aza ajụjụ na-ahọrọkarị okwu mmetọ dị ka ihe iyi egwu kachasị, na-esote ịkụ azụ, mgbanwe ebe obibi, na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Banyere nchebe oke osimiri, 73% nke ndị zaghachirinụ na-akwado MPA na mpaghara ha, n'aka nke ọzọ, na-eleba anya na mpaghara oke osimiri a na-echekwa ugbu a. Akwụkwọ a kacha emetụta ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri, ndị na-eme iwu, ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa, na ndị nkuzi iji kwalite njikwa na nchekwa mmiri.

Martin, VY, Weiler, B., Reis, A., Dimmock, K., & Scherrer, P. (2017). 'Ime ihe ziri ezi': Otu sayensị mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya nwere ike isi nyere aka kwalite mgbanwe omume gburugburu ebe obibi na mpaghara echedoro mmiri. Iwu mmiri, 81, 236-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.001 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316034159_’Doing_the_right_thing’ _How_social_science_can_help_foster_pro-environmental_behaviour_change_in_marine _protected_areas

Ndị njikwa MPA akọpụtala na ejidere ha n'etiti ihe ndị dị mkpa na-asọrịta mpi nke na-akwado omume ndị ọrụ dị mma iji belata mmetụta na gburugburu ebe obibi mmiri ka ha na-ahapụ iji ntụrụndụ. Iji lebara nke a anya, ndị ode akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka maka atụmatụ mgbanwe omume ama ama ama iji belata akparamagwa nsogbu na MPA wee tinye aka na mbọ nchekwa. Edemede a na-enye echiche ọhụụ na nke bara uru gbasara otu ha nwere ike isi nyere njikwa MPA aka ịchụso na ịgbanwe omume ụfọdụ nke na-emecha kwado ụkpụrụ ogige mmiri.

A De Young, R. (2013). "Ntụle akparamagwa gburugburu ebe obibi." Na Ann H. Huffman & Stephanie Klein [Eds.] Òtù Na-ahụ Maka Ndụ: Ịkwọ ụgbọ ala na Psychology IO. Pp. 17-33. NY: Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 259286195_Environmental_Psychology_ Overview

Saịkọlọji gburugburu ebe obibi bụ ngalaba ọmụmụ nke na-enyocha mmekọrịta dị n'etiti gburugburu na mmetụta mmadụ, ọgụgụ isi, na omume. Isi akwụkwọ a na-eleba anya nke ọma na akparamaagwa gburugburu ebe obibi na-ekpuchi mmekọrịta mmadụ na gburugburu ebe obibi yana ihe ọ pụtara n'ịgba ume omume ezi uche dị na ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi na mmekọrịta ọha na eze. Ọ bụ ezie na etinyeghị uche ozugbo n'ihe gbasara mmiri, nke a na-enyere aka ịtọ ntọala maka ọmụmụ ihe zuru ezu n'ime akparamaagwa gburugburu ebe obibi.

McKinley, E., Fletcher, S. (2010). Ọrụ nke onye ọ bụla maka oke osimiri? Nyocha nke ịbụ nwa amaala mmiri site n'aka ndị ọrụ mmiri UK. Oke osimiri & njikwa oke osimiri, Vol. 53, Nọmba 7,379-384. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 245123669_Individual_responsibility _for_the_oceans_An_evaluation_of_marine _citizenship_by_UK_marine_practitioners

N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọchịchị nke gburugburu mmiri na-esi n'ịbụ ndị isi n'elu ala na nke steeti na-eduzi ka ha na-ekere òkè na nke obodo. Akwụkwọ a na-atụ aro na ndọtị nke omume a ga-egosi echiche ọha mmadụ nke ịbụ nwa amaala mmiri iji wepụta njikwa na nchekwa na-adịgide adịgide nke gburugburu mmiri site na itinye aka n'otu n'otu na mmepe amụma na mmejuputa iwu. N'ime ndị na-ahụ maka mmiri, ọkwa dị elu nke ụmụ amaala itinye aka na njikwa gburugburu mmiri ga-erite uru dị ukwuu na gburugburu mmiri, yana uru ndị ọzọ ga-ekwe omume site n'ịba ụba nke ịbụ nwa amaala mmiri.

Zelezny, LC & Schultz, PW (eds.). 2000. Ịkwalite gburugburu ebe obibi. Akwụkwọ akụkọ Social 56, 3, 365-578. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00172 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227686773_Psychology _of_Promoting_Environmentalism_ Promoting_Environmentalism

Okwu a nke Journal of Social Issues na-elekwasị anya na nkà mmụta uche, sociology, na amụma ọha na eze nke gburugburu ebe obibi zuru ụwa ọnụ. Ebumnuche nke okwu a bụ (1) ịkọwa ọnọdụ gburugburu ebe obibi na gburugburu ebe obibi ugbu a, (2) igosi echiche ọhụrụ na nyocha banyere àgwà na omume gburugburu ebe obibi, na (3) iji nyochaa ihe mgbochi na echiche ziri ezi n'ịkwalite pro-environmental. ime ihe.

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4. Education

4.1 STEM na oké osimiri

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). (2020). Ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri: Ụkpụrụ ndị dị mkpa na echiche ndị bụ isi nke sayensị osimiri maka ndị na-amụ ihe nke afọ niile. Washington, DC. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/ literacy.html

Ịghọta oke osimiri dị mkpa iji ghọta na ichekwa ụwa a nke anyị niile bi na ya. Ebumnobi nke Mgbasa Ozi Ịgụ Ọwụwa Anyanwụ bụ iji leba anya na enweghị ọdịnaya metụtara oke osimiri na ụkpụrụ mmụta sayensị steeti na mba, ihe nkuzi, na nyocha.

4.2 akụrụngwa maka ndị nkuzi K-12

Payne, D., Halversen, C., na Schoedinger, SE (2021, Julaị). Akwụkwọ ntuziaka maka ịbawanye ọgụgụ isi n'oké osimiri maka ndị nkuzi na ndị na-akwado ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri. National Marine Educators Association. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363157493_A_Handbook_for_ Increasing_Ocean_Literacy_Tools_for _Educators_and_Ocean_Literacy_Advocates

Akwụkwọ ntuziaka a bụ ihe enyemaka maka ndị nkuzi nkuzi, mụta na ịkparịta ụka gbasara oke osimiri. Ọ bụ ezie na e bu n'obi kee ya maka ndị nkuzi klas na ndị nkuzi oge ka ha jiri maka ihe mmụta, mmemme, ihe ngosi, na mmepe mmemme na United States, onye ọ bụla nwere ike iji ihe ndị a mee ihe, ebe ọ bụla, onye na-achọ ịbawanye agụmagụ oké osimiri. Gụnyere ihe osise 28 echiche eruba nke oke ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri na usoro maka ọkwa K-12.

Tsai, Liang-Ting (2019, Ọktọba). Mmetụta dị iche iche nke nwata akwụkwọ na ihe gbasara ụlọ akwụkwọ na ọgụgụ isi nke ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị. Nkwado Vol. 11 DOI: 10.3390/su11205810.

Isi ihe nchoputa nke a bụ na maka ụmụ akwụkwọ sekọndrị nọ na Taiwan, ihe ndị dị n'otu n'otu bụ ihe ndị bụ isi na-eme ka agụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, ihe ọkwa ọkwa ụmụ akwụkwọ nwetara òkè buru ibu nke mkpokọta ọdịiche dị na agụm akwụkwọ oké osimiri nke ụmụ akwụkwọ karịa ihe ọkwa ọkwa ụlọ akwụkwọ. Otú ọ dị, ugboro ole a na-agụ akwụkwọ ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ akụkọ nwere isiokwu oké osimiri bụ ihe na-ebu amụma banyere ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri, ebe, n'ogo akwụkwọ, mpaghara ụlọ akwụkwọ na ebe ụlọ akwụkwọ bụ ihe ndị dị mkpa na-emetụta agụm akwụkwọ oké osimiri.

National Marine Educators Association. (2010). Oke ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri na usoro maka akara ule K-12. Mgbasa mmuta nke oke osimiri nke na-egosi oke ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri & usoro maka akara ule K-12, NMEA. https://www.marine-ed.org/ocean-literacy/scope-and-sequence

Oke mmuta nke oke osimiri na usoro maka akara ugo mmụta K-12 bụ ngwa nkuzi na-enye ntụzịaka nye ndị nkuzi iji nyere ụmụ akwụkwọ ha aka nweta nghọta zuru oke nke oke osimiri n'ụzọ siri ike karịa n'ime afọ nke nkuzi sayensị na-akpakọrịta.

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5. Ụdị dị iche iche, nha nhata, nsonye, ​​na ikpe ziri ezi

Adams, L., Bintiff, A., Jannke, H., na Kacez, D. (2023). UC San Diego undergraduates na Ocean Discovery Institute na-emekọ ihe ọnụ iji mepụta mmemme pilot na ndụmọdụ na-anabata omenala. Oceanography, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 366767133_UC_San_Diego _Undergraduates_and_the_Ocean_ Discovery_Institute_Collaborate_to_ Form_a_Pilot_Program_in_Culturally_ Responsive_Mentoring

Enwere nnukwu ụkọ dị iche iche na sayensị oke osimiri. Otu ụzọ a ga-esi emeziwanye nke a bụ site na mmejuputa usoro nkuzi na nkuzi na-anabata omenala na paịpụ K- mahadum niile. N'edemede a, ndị nchọpụta na-akọwa nsonaazụ mbụ ha na nkuzi ha mụtara site na mmemme pilot iji kuziere otu agbụrụ dị iche iche nke ndị na-agụsị akwụkwọ n'omume ndụmọdụ omenala ma nye ha ohere itinye nkà ha nwetara ọhụrụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ K-12. Nke a na-akwado echiche na ụmụ akwụkwọ site na ọmụmụ ihe ha na-agụghị akwụkwọ nwere ike ịghọ ndị na-akwado obodo yana maka ndị na-eme mmemme sayensị oké osimiri na-ebute ụzọ dị iche iche na nsonye n'uche mgbe ha na-arụ ọrụ na mmemme sayensị oké osimiri.

Worm, B., Elliff, C., Fonseca, J., Gell, F., Serra Gonçalves, A. Helder, N., Murray, K., Peckham, S., Prelovec, L., Sink, K. ( 2023, Maachị). Ime ka ịgụ akwụkwọ n'Osimiri gụnyere yana nweta ya. Ụkpụrụ na Sayensị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị gburugburu ebe obibi DOI: 10.3354/esep00196. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 348567915_Making_Ocean _Literacy_Inclusive_and_Accessible

Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka na itinye aka na sayensị mmiri na akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ ihe ùgwù nke ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ndị nwere ohere inweta agụmakwụkwọ ka elu, ngwá ọrụ pụrụ iche, na ego nyocha. N'agbanyeghị nke ahụ, otu ụmụ amaala, nka ime mmụọ, ndị na-eji oke osimiri, na ndị otu ndị ọzọ na-emekọ ihe n'oké osimiri nwere ike inye echiche dịgasị iche iche iji mee ka echiche nke ịgụ na ịgụ na oké osimiri gafere nghọta nke sayensị mmiri. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-atụ aro na nsonye dị otú ahụ nwere ike wepụ ihe mgbochi akụkọ ihe mere eme nke gbara gburugburu ubi ahụ gburugburu, gbanwee mmata anyị na mmekọrịta anyị na oké osimiri, ma nyere aka kwado mgbalị na-aga n'ihu iji weghachi ụdị dị iche iche nke mmiri.

Zelezny, LC; Chua, PP; Aldrich, C. Ụzọ ọhụrụ nke iche echiche banyere gburugburu ebe obibi: Ịkọwapụta na ọdịiche nwoke na nwanyị na gburugburu ebe obibi. J. Soc. Isi okwu 2000, 56, 443–457. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227509139_New_Ways_of_Thinking _about_Environmentalism_Elaborating_on _Gender_Differences_in_Environmentalism

Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ chọpụtara na mgbe ha nyochachara afọ iri nke nyocha (1988-1998) banyere ọdịiche dị n'etiti nwoke na nwanyị na àgwà na omume gburugburu ebe obibi, megidere ihe ndị na-ekwekọghị n'oge gara aga, nkọwa doro anya apụtawo: ụmụ nwanyị na-akọ àgwà na àgwà gburugburu ebe obibi siri ike karịa ụmụ nwoke.

Bennett, N., Teh, L., Ota, Y., Christie, P., Ayers, A., et al. (2017). Mkpesa maka ụkpụrụ omume maka nchekwa mmiri, Iwu mmiri, Mpịakọta 81, Peeji 411-418, ISSN 0308-597X, DOI:10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.035 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316937934_An_appeal_for _a_code_of_conduct_for_marine_conservation

Omume nchekwa mmiri, n'agbanyeghị na ebum n'obi nke ọma, anaghị ejide n'otu usoro ọchịchị ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa, nke nwere ike ibute nnukwu ọdịiche na ogo ịdị irè. Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka na ekwesịrị ịmalite ụkpụrụ omume ma ọ bụ ụkpụrụ iji hụ na agbasoro usoro ọchịchị ziri ezi. Usoro ahụ kwesịrị ịkwalite ọchịchị nchekwa na ime mkpebi ziri ezi, omume na nsonaazụ nchekwa ọha na eze, yana ndị na-ahụ maka nchekwa na ndị otu. Ebumnobi nke koodu a ga-ekwe ka nchekwa mmiri bụrụ nke ọha na eze nakweere yana dị irè nke gburugburu ebe obibi, si otú a na-enye aka n'oké osimiri na-adigide n'ezie.

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6. Ụkpụrụ, Usoro, na egosi

Zielinski, T., Kotynska-Zielinska, I. na Garcia-Soto, C. (2022, Jenuarị). Atụmatụ maka ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri: EU4Ocean. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357882384_A_ Blueprint_for_Ocean_Literacy_EU4Ocean

Akwụkwọ a na-atụle mkpa ọ dị nzikọrịta ozi nke ọma nke nsonaazụ sayensị nye ụmụ amaala n'ofe ụwa. Ka ndị mmadụ wee nweta ozi, ndị nyocha ahụ chọrọ ịghọta ụkpụrụ agụmagụ Oceania ma tinye ụzọ kachasị mma dịnụ iji kwado usoro nke ịbawanye mmata zuru ụwa ọnụ maka mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi. Nke a na-emetụta n'ụzọ doro anya na nkwenye nke otu esi arịọ ndị mmadụ gbasara ihe gbasara gburugburu ebe obibi dị iche iche na, ya mere, otu ndị mmadụ nwere ike isi mee ka usoro mmụta dị ọhụrụ iji maa mgbanwe mgbanwe ụwa aka. Ndị ode akwụkwọ na-arụ ụka na ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri bụ isi ihe na-akwado nkwado, n'agbanyeghị na ekwesịrị ịmara na isiokwu a na-akwalite mmemme EU4Ocean.

Sean M. Wineland, Thomas M. Neeson, (2022). Na-abawanye mgbasa nke atụmatụ nchekwa na netwọk mmekọrịta. Sayensị nchekwa na omume, DOI:10.1111/csp2.12740, Vol. 4, Nke 8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 361491667_Maximizing_the_spread _of_conservation_initiatives_in_social_networks

Mmemme nchekwa na atumatu nwere ike ichekwa ụdị ndụ dị iche iche ma kwalite ọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi, mana ọ bụ naanị mgbe anabatara ya. Ọ bụ ezie na puku kwuru puku atụmatụ nchekwa dị n'ụwa niile, ọtụtụ anaghị agbasa karịa ndị nabatara mbụ. Nkuchi mbụ site n'aka ndị mmadụ nwere mmetụta na-ebute ọganihu dị ukwuu na ọnụọgụgụ ndị nabatara atụmatụ nchekwa n'ofe netwọkụ. Netwọk mpaghara ahụ yiri netwọkụ na-enweghị usoro nke mejupụtara ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ steeti na ụlọ ọrụ mpaghara, ebe netwọk mba nwere usoro enweghị ọnụ ọgụgụ nwere nnukwu mmetụta nke ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị etiti na ụlọ ọrụ NGO.

Ashley M, Pahl S, Glegg G na Fletcher S (2019) Mgbanwe nke Uche: Itinye usoro nyocha mmekọrịta ọha na eze na omume na nleba anya nke ịdị mma nke mbido ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri. Ọganihu na Sayensị Marine. DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00288. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333748430_A_Change_of_Mind _Applying_Social_and_Behavioral_ Research_Methods_to_the_Assessment_of _the_Effectiveness_of_Ocean_Literacy_Initiatives

Ụzọ ndị a na-enye ohere maka ntule mgbanwe omume nke bụ isi iji ghọta irè mmemme. Ndị na-ede akwụkwọ na-enye usoro ihe atụ nke mgbagha maka nyocha nke nkuzi nkuzi maka ndị ọkachamara na-abanye na ụlọ ọrụ mbupu (omume na-eche echiche iji belata mgbasa nke ụdị ndị na-emerụ ahụ) na ụlọ akwụkwọ nkuzi maka ụmụ akwụkwọ ụlọ akwụkwọ (11-15 na 16-18) na nsogbu ndị metụtara ya. na-awụba n'oké osimiri na microplastics. Ndị ode akwụkwọ chọpụtara na inyocha mgbanwe omume nwere ike inye aka chọpụta ịdị irè nke otu oru ngo n'ịbawanye ihe ọmụma na mmata nke ndị sonyere na otu okwu, ọkachasị mgbe ejiri ngwa agụmagụ nke oke osimiri gbadoro ndị na-ege ntị anya.

Santoro, F., Santin, S., Scowcroft, G., Fauville, G., na Tuddenham, P. (2017). Ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri maka mmadụ niile - Ngwa ngwa. IOC/UNESCO & UNESCO Venice office Paris (Akwụkwọ ntuziaka na ntuziaka IOC, 80 edegharịrị na 2018), 136. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321780367_Ocean_Literacy_for_all_-_A_toolkit

Ịmara na ịghọta mmetụta oké osimiri na-emetụta anyị, na mmetụta anyị na oké osimiri, dị oke mkpa maka ibi ndụ na ime ihe na-adịgide adịgide. Nke a bụ isi n'ime agụmagụ oké osimiri. The Ocean Literacy Portal na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ ahịa na-akwụsịtụ, na-enye akụrụngwa na ọdịnaya dị maka mmadụ niile, na ebumnuche nke ịmepụta ọha mmadụ nwere ọgụgụ isi nke nwere ike ịme mkpebi mara mma na nke nwere ezi uche na akụrụngwa nke oke osimiri na nkwado nke oke osimiri.

NOAA. (2020, Febụwarị). Ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri: ụkpụrụ ndị dị mkpa nke sayensị mmiri maka ndị na-amụ nke afọ niile. www.oceanliteracyNMEA.org

Enwere ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri asaa yana nsonazụ yana nsonazụ mejupụtara eserese echiche 28. Ụkpụrụ agụmagụ oké osimiri ka bụ ọrụ na-aga n'ihu; ha na-egosipụta mbọ a na-agba ugbu a n'ịkọwa agụmagụ oké osimiri. E wepụtara mbipụta mbụ na 2013.

• Ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri #1: Ụwa nwere otu nnukwu oke osimiri nwere ọtụtụ atụmatụ.
• Ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri #2: Oké osimiri na ndụ dị n'oké osimiri na-akpụpụta atụmatụ nke Ụwa.
• Ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri #3: Oke osimiri bụ nnukwu mmetụta na ihu igwe na ihu igwe.
• Ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri #4: Oke osimiri mere ka ụwa bụrụ ebe obibi.
• Ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri #5: Oke osimiri na-akwado nnukwu ụdị ndụ dị iche iche na gburugburu ebe obibi.
• Ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri #6: Oke osimiri na ụmụ mmadụ nwere njikọ chiri anya.
• Ụkpụrụ ịgụ akwụkwọ n'oké osimiri #7: Achọpụtabeghị oke osimiri ahụ.

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LAghachi n'ime nchọpụta