tọrọ atọ na nnukwu Blue: Mwepụ Carbon Dioxide Ocean

Na-emebi Geoengineering Climate: Nkebi nke 2

Nkebi nke 1: Amaghị ngwụcha
Nkebi 3: Mgbanwe Radiation anyanwụ
Akụkụ 4: Ịtụle ụkpụrụ omume, nha anya na ikpe ziri ezi

Mwepụ carbon dioxide (CDR) bụ ụdị geoengineering ihu igwe nke na-achọ iwepụ carbon dioxide na ikuku. CDR lekwasịrị anya mmetụta nke ikuku ikuku griin haus site na ibelata na iwepu ikuku carbon dioxide site na nchekwa ogologo na obere oge. Enwere ike were CDR dabere na ala ma ọ bụ nke dabere n'oké osimiri, dabere na ihe na sistemu eji ejide ma chekwaa gas. Nleba anya na CDR nke ala na-ebute ụzọ na mkparịta ụka ndị a mana mmasị na ijikọ CDR oké osimiri na-abawanye, na-elebara anya na nkwalite sitere n'okike na arụ ọrụ na kemịkal.

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Usoro okike ewepụlarị carbon dioxide na ikuku

Oke osimiri bụ ikuku carbon eke eke, na-enweta 25% nke ikuku carbon dioxide na 90% nke oke okpomọkụ nke ụwa site na usoro okike dị ka photosynthesis na absorption. Usoro ndị a enyerela aka ịnọgide na-enwe okpomọkụ zuru ụwa ọnụ, mana na-ebubiga ibu ókè n'ihi mmụba nke ikuku carbon dioxide na ikuku ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ na-esi na mmanụ ọkụ. Mmụba nke a amalitela imetụta kemịkalụ nke oke osimiri, na-ebute acidification nke oke osimiri, mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche, na usoro gburugburu ebe obibi ọhụrụ. Iwughachi ihe dị iche iche dị ndụ na gburugburu ebe obibi jikọtara ya na mbelata mmanụ ọkụ ga-ewusi mbara ala ike megide mgbanwe ihu igwe.

Mwepụ carbon dioxide, site na osisi ọhụrụ na uto osisi, nwere ike ime ma n'elu ala ma n'ime oke osimiri. Igbo bụ okike nke oke ohia ohuru ma ọ bụ ihe ndị dị ndụ n'oké osimiri, dị ka mangroves, na mpaghara ndị na-enweghị ihe ọkụkụ ndị dị otú ahụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, ebe mweghachi na-achọsi ike. eweghachi osisi na osisi ndị ọzọ n'ebe ndị agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ ojiji dị iche, dị ka ala ubi, ogbunigwe, ma ọ bụ mmepe, ma ọ bụ mgbe mfuchara n'ihi mmetọ..

Mpekere mmiri, plastik, na mmetọ mmiri enyela aka ozugbo na ọtụtụ ahịhịa ahịhịa na osisi mangrove. Nke Iwu mmiri dị ọcha na United States, na mgbalị ndị ọzọ arụwo ọrụ iji belata mmetọ dị otú ahụ ma kwe ka mkpụgharị ọhịa. A na-ejikarị okwu ndị a kọwaa oke ohia nke ala, mana nwekwara ike ịgụnye gburugburu ebe obibi dabere n'oké osimiri dị ka mangrove, ahịhịa mmiri, ala mmiri nnu, ma ọ bụ ahịhịa mmiri.

Nkwa ahụ:

Osisi, mangrove, ahihia oké osimiri, na ihe ọkụkụ ndị yiri ya bụ carbon sink, na-eji ma na-emegharị carbon dioxide n'ụzọ nkịtị site na photosynthesis. Oké osimiri CDR na-egosipụtakarị 'carbon acha anụnụ anụnụ,' ma ọ bụ carbon dioxide e debere n'oké osimiri. Otu n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi carbon na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma bụ mangroves, nke na-echekwa carbon n'ụgbụgbọ ha, mgbọrọgwụ na ala ha, na-echekwa ya. ihe ruru ugboro iri na abụọ carbon karịa oke ohia n'ala. Mangroves na-enye ọtụtụ uru uru gburugburu ebe obibi n'ime obodo na gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, na-egbochi mbibi ogologo oge na mbuze yana imezi mmetụta nke oké ifufe na ebili mmiri n'ụsọ oké osimiri. Oke ọhịa Mangrove na-ekekwa ebe obibi maka anụmanụ dị iche iche dị n'elu ala, mmiri mmiri, na avian n'ime usoro mgbọrọgwụ na alaka osisi ahụ. A pụkwara iji ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ mee ihe ozugbo laa azụ mmetụta nke igbutu osisi ma ọ bụ oké ifufe, iweghachi ụsọ oké osimiri na ala nke furu efu osisi na mkpuchi osisi.

Ihe iyi egwu:

Ihe ize ndụ ndị na-eso ọrụ ndị a na-esite na nchekwa nwa oge nke carbon dioxide emebere n'okike. Ka ojiji nke ala dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri na-agbanwe na ihe ndị dị ndụ n'oké osimiri na-akpaghasị maka mmepe, njem, ụlọ ọrụ, ma ọ bụ site na ime ka oké ifufe sie ike, a ga-ahapụ carbon nke echekwara na ala n'ime mmiri oké osimiri na ikuku. Ọrụ ndị a na-adịkarị mfe diversity biodiversity na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa di iche iche ọnwụ na-akwado ụdị ngwa ngwa na-eto eto, na-abawanye ohere maka ọrịa na nnukwu anwụ anwụ. Ọrụ mweghachi nwere ike ịdị ike ike ma chọọ mmanụ ọkụ maka ụgbọ njem na igwe maka mmezi. Iweghachi gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri site na ngwọta ndị a sitere n'okike na-enweghị nlebara anya kwesịrị ekwesị maka ndị obodo nwere ike ịkpata iwere ala na obodo ndị na-adịghị mma bụ ndị nweworo aka kacha nta na mgbanwe ihu igwe. Mmekọrịta siri ike nke obodo na mmekorita nke ndị otu na ndị obodo na ndị obodo bụ isi ihe na-ahụ maka ịha nhatanha na ikpe ziri ezi na mbọ CDR nke oke osimiri.

Ahịhịa ahịhịa na-achọ ịkụ kelp na macroalgae iji nyochaa carbon dioxide na mmiri na chekwaa ya na biomass site na photosynthesis. Enwere ike ịkụ ahịhịa ahịhịa a nke nwere carbon ma jiri ya mee ihe na ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ nri ma ọ bụ mikpuo n'ala ala nke oke osimiri na sequestered.

Nkwa ahụ:

Ahịhịa mmiri na nnukwu osisi ndị yiri ya na-eto ngwa ngwa ma dị ugbu a na mpaghara gburugburu ụwa. E jiri ya tụnyere ịgba osisi ma ọ bụ mkpụgharị osisi, ebe obibi oke osimiri nke ahihia mmiri na-eme ka ọ ghara ịnweta ọkụ, mgbaba, ma ọ bụ ihe iyi egwu ndị ọzọ n'oké ọhịa dị n'ụwa. Ndị na-ahụ ahịhịa mmiri oke carbon dioxide ma nwee uzo di iche iche mgbe uto. Site na iwepu carbon dioxide sitere na mmiri, ahihia mmiri nwere ike inyere mpaghara aka imegide acidification oké osimiri na nye ohere ikuku oxygen maka gburugburu oke osimiri. Na mgbakwunye na mmeri gburugburu ebe obibi ndị a, ahịhịa mmiri nwekwara uru mgbanwe ihu igwe nke nwere ike chebe ụsọ oké osimiri megide mbuze site n'ibelata ike ebili mmiri. 

Ihe iyi egwu:

Ijide carbon mmiri dị iche na usoro CDR akụ na ụba ndị ọzọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, yana osisi na-echekwa CO₂ na biomass ya, kama ibufe ya na sedimenti. N'ihi ya, CO₂ Mwepụ na nchekwa ikike maka ahihia oké osimiri bụ nke ihe ọkụkụ na-ejedebe. Ahịhịa oké osimiri na-ebi n'ime ụlọ site na ịkụ ahịhịa nwere ike ibelata mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa dị iche iche nke osisi, na-abawanye ohere nke ọrịa na nnukwu ịnwụ anwụ. Tụkwasị na nke a, ụzọ ndị a na-atụ aro ka a na-akọ ahịhịa n'oké osimiri gụnyere ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto n'ime mmiri n'elu ihe eji arụ ọrụ, dị ka eriri, na na mmiri na-emighị emi. Nke a nwere ike igbochi ìhè na nri ndị na-edozi ahụ site na ebe obibi na mmiri dị n'okpuru ahihia oké osimiri wee bute mmerụ ahụ na gburugburu ebe obibi ndị ahụ gụnyere njikọ. Ahịhịa oké osimiri n'onwe ya dịkwa mfe imebi n'ihi ịdị mma mmiri na anụ anụ. Nnukwu oru ngo na-achọ imikpu ahịhịa mmiri n'ime oke osimiri na-atụ anya ugbu a iminye eriri ma ọ bụ ihe arụrụ arụ nakwa, nwere ike imetọ mmiri mgbe ahịhịa mmiri na-emikpu. Ụdị ọrụ a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-enweta ihe mgbochi ọnụ ahịa, na-amachi scalability. A choro nyocha ozo iji chọpụta ụzọ kacha mma ị ga-esi zụlite ahịhịa mmiri ma nweta nkwa ndị bara uru ma na-ebelata ihe egwu ndị a tụrụ anya ya na ihe ndị a na-atụghị anya ya.

N'ozuzu, mgbake nke oke osimiri na gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri site na mangroves, ahịhịa ahịhịa, usoro gburugburu ebe obibi nnu, na ịkụ ahịhịa na-achọ ịbawanye na iweghachi ikike nke usoro okike ụwa ịhazi na ịchekwa carbon dioxide ikuku. Mfu dị iche iche sitere na mgbanwe ihu igwe na-abawanye na mfu nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche sitere na ọrụ mmadụ, dị ka igbutu osisi, na-ebelata ike ụwa na mgbanwe ihu igwe. 

Na 2018, Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) kọrọ na ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke oke osimiri mebie, mebie, ma ọ bụ gbanwee. Ọnụọgụ a ga-abawanye site na ịrị elu oke osimiri, acidification nke oke osimiri, ogbunigwe miri emi, na mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe anthropogenic. Ụzọ mwepu carbon dioxide nke eke ga-erite uru site n'ịba ụba nke ụdị ndụ dị iche iche na iweghachi ihe ndị dị ndụ. Ịkụ ahịhịa ahịhịa bụ ebe ọmụmụ na-eto eto nke ga-erite uru na nyocha ezubere iche. Mweghachi nke echiche na nchekwa nke ihe ndị dị ndụ n'oké osimiri nwere ikike ozugbo ibelata mmetụta mgbanwe ihu igwe site na mbelata ikuku ikuku jikọtara ya na uru bara uru.

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Ịkwalite usoro oke osimiri okike maka mbelata mgbanwe ihu igwe

Na mgbakwunye na usoro okike, ndị ọrụ nyocha na-enyocha ụzọ isi kwalite mwepụ carbon dioxide eke, na-agba ume ị nweta carbon dioxide nke oke osimiri. Ọrụ geoengineering ihu igwe nke oke osimiri atọ dabara n'ụdị a nke ịkwalite usoro okike: nkwalite alkalinity nke oke osimiri, fatịlaịza nri, na mgbago elu na mgbada. 

Oke Alkalinity Enhancement (OAE) bụ usoro CDR nke na-achọ iwepu ikuku carbon dioxide site n'ịkwalite mmeghachi omume ihu igwe nke mineral. Mmeghachi omume ihu igwe ndị a na-eji carbon dioxide ma mepụta ihe siri ike. Usoro OAE dị ugbu a jide carbon dioxide na nkume alkaline, ntụgharị lime ma ọ bụ olivine, ma ọ bụ site na usoro electrochemical.

Nkwa ahụ:

Dabere na eke nkume weathering usoro, OAE bụ scalable ma na-enye usoro na-adịgide adịgide nke iwepụ carbon dioxide. Mmeghachi omume n'etiti gas na ịnweta na-emepụta nkwụnye ego na-atụ anya ya mụbaa ikike nchekwa nke oke osimiri, n'aka nke ya na-ebelata acidification oké osimiri. Mmụba nke nkwụnye ego ịnweta n'oké osimiri nwekwara ike ịbawanye mmepụta nke oke osimiri.

Ihe iyi egwu:

Ọganihu nke mmeghachi omume ihu igwe na-adabere na nnweta na nkesa nke mineral. Nkesa na-ezighi ezi nke mineral na mmetụta mpaghara ka mbelata nke carbon dioxide nwere ike imetụta gburugburu oke osimiri n'ụzọ na-adịghị mma. Na mgbakwunye, ọnụọgụ mineral dị mkpa maka OAE yikarịrị ka ọ ga-abụ sitere na ogbunigwe terrestrial, ma ga-achọ ụgbọ njem na mpaghara dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri maka ojiji. Ịbawanye alkalinity nke oké osimiri ga-agbanwe pH oké osimiri, kwa na-emetụta usoro ndu. Oke alkalinity nkwalite nwere Ahụbeghị ọtụtụ nnwale ubi ma ọ bụ nyocha dị ukwuu dị ka ihu igwe dabere na ala, na mmetụta nke usoro a ka amara nke ọma maka ihu igwe dabere na ala. 

Nri nri nri na-atụ aro itinye ígwè na ihe ndị ọzọ na-edozi ahụ n'ime oke osimiri iji kwalite uto phytoplankton. N'iji usoro okike eme ihe, phytoplankton na-ebufe ikuku carbon dioxide ngwa ngwa wee mikpuo na ala nke oke osimiri. Na 2008, mba dị iche iche na UN Convention on Biological Diversity kwekọrịtara n'ịkpachapụ anya na omume inye ohere ka ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ghọta nke ọma uru na ọghọm nke ọrụ ndị dị otú ahụ.

Nkwa ahụ:

Na mgbakwunye na iwepu ikuku carbon dioxide, fatịlaịza nri nwere ike belata obere acidity nke oke osimiri na mụbaa oke azụ̀. Phytoplankton bụ isi iyi nri maka ọtụtụ azụ, yana ịba ụba nke nri nwere ike ịbawanye ọnụọgụ azụ na mpaghara ebe a na-arụ ọrụ a. 

Ihe iyi egwu:

Ọmụmụ ihe ka nwere oke na nri nri na nri mata ọtụtụ amaghị gbasara mmetụta ogologo oge, uru ọnụ na ịdịgidesi ike nke usoro CDR a. Ọrụ fatịlaịza nri nwere ike ịchọ nnukwu ihe n'ụdị ígwè, phosphorus, na nitrogen. Ịmepụta ihe ndị a nwere ike ịchọkwu ogbunigwe, mmepụta na njem. Nke a nwere ike mebie mmetụta nke CDR dị mma ma mebie ihe ndị ọzọ dị ndụ na mbara ala n'ihi ngwuputa ihe. Na mgbakwunye, uto nke phytoplankton nwere ike ịkpata algal na-emebi emebi, na-ebelata ikuku oxygen dị n'oké osimiri, na-abawanye mmepụta nke methane, GHG nke na-ejide okpukpu 10 karịa oke okpomọkụ ma e jiri ya tụnyere carbon dioxide.

Ngwakọta eke sitere n'oké osimiri site na mgbago elu na mgbada na-ebute mmiri si n'elu gaa na sedimenti, na-ekesa okpomọkụ na nri na mpaghara dị iche iche nke oke osimiri. Nkwalite arụrụ arụ na mgbada na-achọ iji usoro anụ ahụ iji mee ngwa ngwa ma gbaa ngwakọta a ume, na-amụba ngwakọta nke mmiri oké osimiri iji weta mmiri dị elu nke carbon dioxide na mmiri miri emi, na. oyi, mmiri na-edozi ahụ bara ụba n'elu. Nke a na-atụ anya ịgba ume uto phytoplankton na photosynthesis iji wepụ carbon dioxide na ikuku. Usoro echere ugbu a gụnyere iji pipụ kwụ ọtọ na nfuli isere mmiri site na ala nke oké osimiri ruo n'elu.

Nkwa ahụ:

A na-atụpụta mgbago elu na mgbada dị ka nkwalite nke usoro okike. Ntugharị mmiri a e mere atụmatụ nwere ike inye aka zere mmetụta dị n'akụkụ oke phytoplankton na-abawanye dị ka mpaghara ikuku oxygen dị ala na nri na-edozi ahụ site n'ịbawanye ngwakọta oke osimiri. Na mpaghara ọkụ, usoro a nwere ike inye aka mee ka ihu igwe dị jụụ na coral ịcha ọcha. 

Ihe iyi egwu:

Usoro a nke ngwakọta artificial ahụla nnwale ole na ole na ule ubi lekwasịrị anya na obere akpịrịkpa na maka obere oge. Nnyocha mbụ na-egosi na n'ozuzu ya, nkwalite na mgbada artificial nwere ikike CDR dị ala na nye nwa oge sequestration nke carbon dioxide. Nchekwa nwa oge a bụ nsonaazụ nke mgbago mgbago na mgbada. Carbon dioxide ọ bụla nke na-aga na ala nke oke osimiri site na mgbada nwere ike ịmalite n'oge ọzọ. Tụkwasị na nke a, usoro a na-ahụkwa ohere maka nkwụsị nkwụsị. Ọ bụrụ na mgbapụta arụrụ arụ ada ada, kwụsị, ma ọ bụ enweghị ego, nri na-aba ụba na carbon dioxide dị n'elu nwere ike ịbawanye ụba nke methane na nitrous oxide yana oke acidification. Usoro a na-atụ aro ugbu a maka ịgwakọta oke osimiri artificial chọrọ sistemu ọkpọkọ, nfuli, na ike na-esi n'èzí. O yikarịrị ka ntinye nke ọkpọkọ ndị a chọrọ ụgbọ mmiri, isi iyi ike na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, na nrụzi. 

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Ocean CDR site na Mechanical and Chemical Method

Mechanical na chemical oké osimiri CDR na-etinye aka na usoro okike, na-achọ iji teknụzụ gbanwee usoro okike. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mmịpụta carbon nke mmiri dị n'oké osimiri na-ebute mkparịta ụka igwe na kemịkalụ n'oké osimiri CDR, mana ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị ka nkwalite na mgbada, nke a tụlere n'elu, nwekwara ike ịdaba na ngalaba a.

Seawater Carbon Extraction, ma ọ bụ Electrochemical CDR, na-achọ iwepụ carbon dioxide n'ime mmiri oké osimiri ma chekwaa ya n'ebe ọzọ, na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ ndị yiri ya iji duzie ikuku carbon dioxide na nchekwa. Ụzọ ndị a tụrụ aro gụnyere iji usoro electrochemical na-anakọta ụdị gas nke carbon dioxide sitere na mmiri oké osimiri, ma chekwaa gas ahụ n'ụdị siri ike ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri n'ụdị ọdịdị ala ma ọ bụ na sedimenti oké osimiri.

Nkwa ahụ:

A na-atụ anya na usoro a iji wepụ carbon dioxide na mmiri oké osimiri ga-ekwe ka oké osimiri na-ebuwanye carbon dioxide ikuku site na usoro okike. Nnyocha na electrochemical CDR egosila na site na isi iyi ume ọhụrụ, usoro a nwere ike na-arụ ọrụ ike. A na-atụ anya iwepụ carbon dioxide n'ime mmiri oké osimiri tụgharịa ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụ acidification oké osimiri. 

Ihe iyi egwu:

Ọmụmụ ihe mbụ gbasara mmịpụta carbon mmiri n'oké osimiri anwalela echiche a na nnwale dabere na ụlọ nyocha. N'ihi ya, ngwa azụmahịa nke usoro a na-anọgide na-abụ nke ukwuu, ma nwee ike ike kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ. Nnyocha elekwasịkwala anya na ike kemịkalụ carbon dioxide nke a ga-ewepụ na mmiri osimiri, yana ntakịrị nnyocha banyere ihe ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi. Nchegbu ndị dị ugbu a gụnyere ejighị n'aka maka ngbanwe nha nhata gburugburu ebe obibi yana mmetụta usoro a nwere ike inwe na ndụ mmiri.

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Enwere ụzọ aga n'ihu maka oke osimiri CDR?

Ọtụtụ ọrụ CDR sitere n'okike, dị ka mweghachi na nchebe nke gburugburu ebe obibi dị n'ụsọ oké osimiri, bụ uru nyocha na ama ama bara uru na gburugburu ebe obibi na obodo. Nnyocha ndị ọzọ iji ghọta ego na ogologo oge carbon nwere ike ịchekwa site na ọrụ ndị a ka dị mkpa, mana uru ọ bara doro anya. N'ofe oke osimiri CDR, agbanyeghị, nkwalite sitere n'okike na igwe na nke kemịkalụ CDR nwere ọghọm enwere ike ịchọpụta nke ekwesịrị iji nlezianya tụlee tupu emejuputa ọrụ ọ bụla n'ọtụtụ buru ibu. 

Anyị niile bụ ndị nwere oke na mbara ala ma ọrụ geoengineering ihu igwe yana mgbanwe ihu igwe ga-emetụta anyị. Ndị na-eme mkpebi, ndị na-eme iwu, ndị na-etinye ego, ndị ntuli aka, na ndị niile metụtara bụ isi ihe na-achọpụta ma ihe ize ndụ nke otu usoro geoengineering ihu igwe karịrị ihe ize ndụ nke ụzọ ọzọ ma ọ bụ ọbụna ihe ize ndụ nke mgbanwe ihu igwe. Ụzọ CDR nke oké osimiri nwere ike inye aka belata ikuku carbon dioxide, mana ekwesịrị ịtụle ya na mgbakwunye na mbelata ikuku carbon dioxide kpọmkwem.