Chaka chathachi chinayang'ana kwambiri pa kuteteza mbali ya nyanja yomwe ili kunja kwa ulamuliro wa dziko lililonse ndipo, mosakayikira, ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti akatswiri pa ntchitoyi akuyesetsabe kuti amvetsetse.

Zikafika kunyanja zazitali, pali gawo lalikulu (64%) ya m’nyanja yomwe palibe munthu eni ake enieni ndipo palibe dziko limene lingateteze palokha. Zomwe zimafunsa kuti, "Kodi mumateteza bwanji chinthu chomwe sichake (kokha) kwa inu?" Akatswiri amanena kuti derali ndi lathu tonse.

Malinga ndi European Commission, kokha 1% a m'nyanja zikuluzikulu amatetezedwa, malo ang'onoang'ono mochititsa mantha kuyankha. Ndi nyanja zotsala zosatetezedwa, munthu angangoganizira momwe zochita zathu zimakhudzira zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Ganizirani za nyanja zam'mwamba monga dziko lakutali kwambiri la munthu, ndipo, mosakayikira, kumvetsetsa.

Pogwirizana ndi chikhumbo chofuna kuteteza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, akatswiri adayesetsa chaka chathachi kuteteza zachilengedwe; ndipo ngati wina ayang'ana khama ili ndi diso lovuta kapena ndi chiyembekezo, 2023 inatiwonetsa kuti mavuto omwe ali m'nyanja zikuluzikulu amatha kuthetsedwa ndi mgwirizano.

ZOTSATIRA ZA CHOLINGA CHOCHITIKA CHOCHITIKA CHIPIRIRO #14

Mwina njira yabwino yoyambira ndikuvomereza kuti United Nations 'Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) imagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuwongolera zomwe zachitika chaka chino kuteteza nyanja zazikulu.

lodziwika, SDG 14: Moyo Pansi pa Madzi, womwe cholinga chake ndi "Kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nyanja, nyanja ndi zinthu zam'madzi kuti zitukuke," ndi chitsogozo choyesetsa kulimbikitsa thanzi la m'nyanja zikuluzikulu ndipo, mwangozi, 2023 ndi gawo la zaka zinayi zowunikiranso lipoti la Global Sustainable Development Report (GSDR). Chaka chino chikuwonetsanso theka la njira pakati pa nthawi yomwe lipotilo linalembedwa koyamba ndi cholinga cha 4. Poganizira izi, tiyeni tiwone mwachidule zochitika za 2030.

MGANGANO WA PAMSONKHANO WA UNITED NATIONS PA LAMULO LA PA NYANJA PA KUTENGEKA NDI KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO NTCHITO CHOSAYENERA CHA MALO OGWIRITSIRA NTCHITO ZA BIOLOGICAL ZA M'MWAMBA Oposa Ulamuliro Wadziko (BNJ Agreement Adapted June 2023)

The Mgwirizano wa BBNJ adatengedwa mu New York pa June 19th 2023. Pangano losaiwalikali lili ndi cholinga chachikulu mu Ndime 2, "kuwonetsetsa kuti kasungidwe ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosatha kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za m’madzi za m’madera opitirira malire a dziko, chifukwa cha panopa komanso kwa nthawi yaitali, pogwiritsa ntchito bwino zomwe zili mumgwirizanowu komanso mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi [kutsindika kwina]. "

Mu Article 7 General Mfundo ndi Njira, Mgwirizano wa BBNJ umapereka mfundo zambiri zotsogola zomwe zimadziwika bwino pamalamulo a chilengedwe, monga "mfundo yowononga zowononga" komanso "kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri sayansi ndi chidziwitso cha sayansi." Mgwirizanowu umapitilira kugawa zolinga kutengera nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Pansipa pali chithunzithunzi:

GAWO LACHIWIRI: ZAMBIRI ZA MA GENETIC A M'MWAMBA, KUPHATIKIZAPO KUGAWANIZANA KWABWINO NDI KUGAWANIDWA KWABWINO (Ndime 9 Zolinga):
  • Kugawana phindu mwachilungamo komanso moyenera pazopezeka zamadzi am'madzi,
  • Kukulitsa luso la Maphwando omwe akufunika thandizo,
  • Mbadwo wa kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi luso lazopangapanga, ndi
  • Kusamutsa luso la m'madzi.
GAWO III. ZOYENERA NGATI ZIPANGIZO ZOYANG'ANIRA M'MALO, KUphatikizirapo MALO Otetezedwa M'nyanja (Ndime 17 Zolinga):
  • Kuteteza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera madera otetezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyang'anira madera,
  • Kugwirizana ndi kugwirizanitsa zida zoyendetsera ntchitozi,
  • Kuteteza, kuteteza ndi zina za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo ndi zachilengedwe (poganizira zokolola, thanzi, ndi kupirira),
  • Kuthandizira pazachuma monga chitetezo cha chakudya ndi zikhalidwe zachikhalidwe, ndi
  • Kupanga luso komanso kutumiza ukadaulo
GAWO IV. KUYESA ZOKHUDZA KWAMBIRI (Ndime 27 Zolinga):
  • Kukhazikitsa njira zowunikira ndi kupereka malipoti,
  • Kuteteza, kuwongolera, ndi kuchepetsa zovuta zoyipa,
  • Ganizirani zonse zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira (zonse) ndi zotsatira zomwe zimakhudza madera,
  • Onetsetsani kuti ma EIA ndi anzeru komanso ogwirizana, komanso
  • Kupanga luso kwa ma EIA
GAWO V. KUPANGITSA NTCHITO NDI KUSANTSITSA NTCHITO YA M'MWAMBA (Ndime 40 Zolinga):
  • Kuthandizira kukulitsa luso la magawo am'mbuyomu ndi zolinga zawo.

Chochititsa chidwi, GAWO LACHISANU NDI CHITATU KUKHALIDWETSA NDI KUTSATIRA, ili ndi njira yamtendere komanso yosinthika yothetsa mikangano pansi pa mgwirizanowu. Njira yothetsera mikanganoyi ingakhale yothandiza, malinga ndi zofunikira zowunikira ndi kupereka malipoti zomwe zafotokozedwa mu mgwirizano.

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, kuphatikizapo momwe EU ikufotokozera mgwirizanowu "mwachidule" komanso momwe ukugwirizanirana ndi Kunming-Montreal Framework ili pansipa, onani: https://oceans-and-fisheries.ec.europa.eu/ocean/international-ocean-governance/protecting-ocean-time-action_en;  https://oceans-and-fisheries.ec.europa.eu/news/win-ocean-high-seas-treaty-signed-united-nations-2023-09-20_en

KUNMING-MONTREAL GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FRAMEWORK (ADOPTED DEC. 2022; IMPACTING 2023 AND BEYOND)

Munthu ayenera kumvetsera kwambiri cholinga cha izi chimango. Gawo B. Cholinga cha mtengo wa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zikuphatikizapo cholinga chotchedwa "kuyambitsa, kuthandizira ndi kusonkhezera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga ndi kusintha ... kuletsa ndi kuthetsa kuwonongeka kwa zachilengedwe..."

In Gawo F. 2050 masomphenya ndi 2030 ntchito, chimangochi chimagawaniza nthawi yake kukhala magawo awiri: nthawi yamakono mpaka 2030, ndi 2030 mpaka 2050. Ntchito ya 2030 ikuphatikizapo kutsindika pa "kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti athetse ndi kubwezeretsa kuwonongeka kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana ..." pamene masomphenya a 2050 ndi amorphous pang'ono, kuyang'ana pa mtengo, kugwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru, kubwezeretsa, ndi kusunga zachilengedwe zamitundumitundu.

M'chaka cha 2050, ndondomekoyi ikugogomezera "zolinga," pamene 2030 ikukhudzidwa ndi zolinga. Zowonadi, pali Zolinga 23 pansi pa Gawo H. Zolinga zapadziko lonse za 2030 zagawidwa m'mitu 3 yaing'ono:

  1. Kuchepetsa kuwopseza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana,
  2. Kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu pogwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso kugawana phindu, ndi
  3. Zida ndi njira zothandizira kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa.

Pansi pa mutu wa H1, Zolinga 1 ndi 2 zimatchula njira ya "30 ndi 30" momwe kubwezeretsa ndi kusungirako bwino kumachitika mu 30 peresenti ya zinthu zomwe zakhudzidwa zomwe zimakhudza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Mutu H2 umayang'ana kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito chuma mokhazikika komanso njira yofanana yobwezeretsanso zinthuzo. Mutu H3 umayang'ana kwambiri pakukwaniritsa zolingazo pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamalamulo ndi zachuma. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti Target 19 (a) imatchula za Investment ya 30 biliyoni pofika 2030.

"Pro" ya chimango ichi ndikuti imayang'ana mozama zigawo zambiri zofunika kuti apambane: zolinga zapamwamba zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsidwa ndi magawo awiri a kukhazikitsa ndi gawo loyamba (lotha mu 2030) kuthandizira gawo lachiwiri. Komabe, monga momwe Zolinga za 2030 ndi zolinga za 2050 zilili, kulimbikitsa chimango ndizovuta. Gawo J. Udindo ndi kuwonekera, ndime 19, cholinga chake ndi "njira yotsogolera, yosasokoneza, yopanda chilango ..." yokhudzana ndi kutsata zomwe zimasiya zambiri zofunika. Pazonse, komabe, chimango ichi ndi sitepe yoyenera ndipo chifukwa chake chinali idakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwa 2022, ili ndi nthawi yosintha ndi zotsatira osati pa 2023 komanso zaka zikubwerazi.

GULU LA NTCHITO YA PADZIKO LONSE: MVANGANO PA MFUNDO ZA SOMBA (Lasinthidwa June 2022).

Chinthu chimodzi chofunika kwambiri choganizira “kusodza mopambanitsa” ndi chakuti kaya zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa. The Mgwirizano Wothandizira Usodzi, yomwe idavomerezedwa mu June 2022, ndi njira imodzi yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuletsa ntchito zosodza “zosaloledwa, zosaneneka komanso zosavomerezeka (IUU)” pakati pa mamembala ake.

Monga gawo la Mgwirizano wokulirapo wa Ma Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM Agreement), mgwirizano wa WTO uwu ndi wachindunji kwambiri pofotokoza za IUU komanso kufotokoza zomwe zimaloledwa ndi zosaloledwa. Izi zikhoza kulepheretsa kutanthauzira kolakwika kwa chinenerocho - phindu lalikulu pamene mayiko osiyanasiyana amagwirira ntchito limodzi kuti aletse kusodza kosaloledwa m'madzi a m'nyanja.

Mwachitsanzo, NKHANI 3: ZINTHU ZOTHANDIZA ZOSOMBA ZOSAYENERA, ZOSAWIRITSIDWA NDI ZOsagwirizana ndi 3.1 akuti “Ayi Member adza perekani kapena sungani thandizo lililonse [kutsindika kwina]” popha nsomba za IUU. Ku United States, mawu oti “ayenera” ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu lalamulo chifukwa ndiudindo m'malo mwa lingaliro.

Kuphatikiza apo, NKHANI 8: CHIZINDIKIRO NDI POSAWIRITSA NTCHITO imalongosola zofunikira zowonjezeretsa malipoti pansi pa Mgwirizano wa SCM wokhudza makamaka ma IUUs, ndipo Mamembala akuyeneranso kupereka zambiri ku Komiti yoyenera pasanathe chaka chimodzi kuchokera tsiku lomwe mgwirizano wa WTO udayamba kugwira ntchito. .

Pazonse, mgwirizano wa WTO uwu umalimbikitsa mgwirizano wa SCM wam'mbuyomo ndipo cholinga chake ndi kuteteza nsomba ndi zilankhulo zokhazikika zomwe mwachiyembekezo zipangitsa kuti mamembala azitsatira komanso kuwonekera poyera paza usodzi wa IUU (Dziwani: Onani NKHANI 8.2).

Kuti mudziwe zambiri, onani: https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/minist_e/mc12_e/briefing_notes_e/bffish_e.htm

POMALIZA

Chifukwa chake, 2023 idasintha kwambiri pomwe akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi adayang'ana kwambiri zanyanja zazikulu komanso zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Kukankhira kwakukulu chaka chino kunali kuteteza mbali ya nyanja yomwe ili ngati mafunde kwa ambiri. Momwe mapangano omwe ali pamwambawa adzasinthira, ndithudi, sizikudziwika. Komabe, sitepe yoyamba yotetezera nyanja zazikulu ndi kuvomereza kuti ikufunika kutetezedwa, ngakhale pamene kumvetsetsa kufunika kwake kwachilengedwe kukukulirakulira. Pambuyo pake, aliyense adzapindula nazo. Ndi choloŵa cha anthu onse.

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