Chuma Cha Buluu

1. Introduction
2. Kodi Blue Economy ndi chiyani?
3. Zotsatira Zachuma
4. Ulimi wa Madzi ndi Usodzi
5. Ulendo, Maulendo apanyanja, ndi Usodzi Wosangalatsa
6. Technology mu Blue Economy
7. Kukula kwa Buluu
8. Boma la Dziko ndi Ntchito Zapadziko Lonse

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Dinani pansipa kuti mudziwe zambiri za njira yathu yokhazikika yachuma cha buluu:

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1. Introduction

Maufumu anali okhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe, komanso malonda ogula zinthu (nsalu, zonunkhira, chinaware), ndi (zachisoni) akapolo ndipo ankadalira nyanja kuti ayendetse. Ngakhale kusintha kwa mafakitale kunayendetsedwa ndi mafuta ochokera kunyanja, chifukwa popanda mafuta a spermaceti opaka makinawo, kukula kwa kupanga sikukanasintha. Ogulitsa ndalama, ongoyerekezera, ndi makampani a inshuwalansi omwe angoyamba kumene (Lloyd's of London) onse anamangidwa chifukwa chochita nawo malonda apadziko lonse a panyanja a zonunkhira, mafuta a whale, ndi zitsulo zamtengo wapatali.

Chifukwa chake, kuyika ndalama pazachuma zam'nyanja ndi kwakale kwambiri ngati chuma cha m'nyanja. Ndiye n’chifukwa chiyani tikulankhula ngati kuti pali china chatsopano? N'chifukwa chiyani tikuyambitsa mawu akuti "blue economy?" Chifukwa chiyani tikuganiza kuti pali mwayi watsopano wakukula kuchokera ku "chuma chabuluu?"

Blue Economy (yatsopano) imatanthawuza zochitika zachuma zomwe zili mkati, komanso zomwe zili zabwino kunyanja, ngakhale matanthauzidwe amasiyana. Ngakhale kuti lingaliro la Blue Economy likupitirizabe kusintha ndi kusintha, chitukuko cha zachuma m'madera a nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja chikhoza kupangidwa kuti chikhale maziko a chitukuko chokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi.

Pachimake pa lingaliro latsopano la Blue Economy ndi kugwirizanitsa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe cha anthu kuchokera ku kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ... gawo lazachuma chonse cha m'nyanja zomwe zili ndi ntchito zotsitsimutsa komanso zobwezeretsa zomwe zimatsogolera ku thanzi la anthu ndi thanzi labwino, kuphatikizapo chitetezo cha chakudya ndi chilengedwe. za moyo wokhazikika.

Mark J. Spalding | February, 2016

BWANANI TOP

2. Kodi Blue Economy ndi chiyani?

Spalding, MJ (2021, May 26) Kuyika ndalama mu New Blue Economy. The Ocean Foundation. Zobwezeredwa ku: https://youtu.be/ZsVxTrluCvI

Ocean Foundation ndi mnzake komanso mlangizi wa Rockefeller Capital Management, kuthandiza kuzindikira makampani aboma omwe zinthu zawo ndi ntchito zawo zimakwaniritsa zosowa za ubale wabwino wamunthu ndi nyanja. Purezidenti wa TOF a Mark J. Spalding akukambirana za mgwirizanowu ndikuyika ndalama mu chuma chokhazikika cha buluu mu webinar yaposachedwa ya 2021.  

Wenhai L., Cusack C., Baker M., Tao W., Mingbao C., Paige K., Xiaofan Z., Levin L., Escobar E., Amon D., Yue Y., Reitz A., Neves AAS , O'Rourke E., Mannarini G., Pearlman J., Tinker J., Horsburgh KJ, Lehodey P., Pouliquen S., Dale T., Peng Z. ndi Yufeng Y. (2019, June 07). Zitsanzo Zopambana Zachuma Chabuluu Ndi Kugogomezera Zowonera Padziko Lonse. Frontiers mu Marine Science 6 (261). Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00261

Bungwe la Blue Economy limagwira ntchito ngati chimango ndi ndondomeko yoyendetsera ntchito zachuma zapanyanja zokhazikika komanso matekinoloje atsopano apanyanja. Pepalali limapereka chiwongolero chokwanira komanso maphunziro amalingaliro ndi zochitika zenizeni padziko lonse lapansi zoimira zigawo zosiyanasiyana zapadziko lonse lapansi kuti apereke mgwirizano wa Blue Economy yonse.

Banos Ruiz, I. (2018, July 03). Blue Economy: Osati Nsomba zokha. Deutsche Welle. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://p.dw.com/p/2tnP6.

Muchidule chachidule cha Blue Economy, wowulutsa wapadziko lonse wa Deutsche Welle Germany akupereka chithunzithunzi cholunjika cha Multifaceted Blue Economy. Pokambirana zoopseza monga kusodza, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki, wolembayo akunena kuti zomwe ziri zoipa kwa nyanja ndi zoipa kwa anthu ndipo pali madera ambiri omwe akufunikira kupitiriza mgwirizano kuti ateteze chuma chambiri cha nyanja.

Keen, M., Schwarz, AM, Wini-Simeon, L. (February 2018). Kufotokozera za Blue Economy: Maphunziro Othandiza ochokera ku Pacific Ocean Governance. Ndondomeko ya Marine. Vol. 88 pg. 333 - masamba. 341. Zotengedwa kuchokera ku: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.002

Olembawo adapanga dongosolo lothandizira kuthana ndi mawu osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi Blue Economy. Dongosololi likuwonetsedwa mu kafukufuku wazasodzi zitatu ku Solomon Islands: misika yaying'ono, misika yam'matauni yadziko lonse, ndi chitukuko chamakampani apadziko lonse lapansi kudzera m'kupanga nsomba zam'madzi. Pansi, pali zovuta zomwe zimachokera ku chithandizo chapafupi, kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi komanso madera a ndale omwe amakhudza kukhazikika kwa Blue Economy.

World Wildlife Fund (2018) Mfundo Zachidule za Sustainable Blue Economy. Bungwe la World Wildlife Fund. Zobwezeredwa ku: https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/oceans/publications/?247858/Principles-for-a-Sustainable-Blue-Economy

Bungwe la World Wildlife Fund's Principles for a Sustainable Blue Economy likufuna kufotokoza mwachidule lingaliro la Blue Economy kuwonetsetsa kuti chitukuko cha zachuma cha nyanja chikuthandizira kutukuka kwenikweni. Nkhaniyi ikunena kuti Kukhazikika kwa Blue Economy kuyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi njira zapagulu ndi zachinsinsi zomwe zili zophatikiza, zodziwitsidwa bwino, zosinthika, zoyankha, zowonekera, zonse, komanso zachangu. Kuti akwaniritse zolingazi, ochita zamagulu ndi anthu wamba ayenera kukhala ndi zolinga zoyezeka, kuwunika ndi kufotokozera momwe amagwirira ntchito, kupereka malamulo okwanira ndi zolimbikitsa, kuwongolera bwino kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka malo am'madzi, kukhazikitsa miyezo, kumvetsetsa kuipitsidwa kwa m'madzi nthawi zambiri kumayambira pamtunda, komanso kugwirizana mwachangu kulimbikitsa kusintha. .

Grimm, K. ndi J. Fitzsimmons. (2017, October 6) Kafukufuku ndi Malangizo pa Kuyankhulana pa Blue Economy. Kutentha. PDF

Spitfire idapanga kuwunika kwa malo pakulankhulana kokhudza Blue Economy ya 2017 Mid-Atlantic Blue Ocean Economy 2030 Forum. Kusanthula kwavumbulutsa vuto lotsogola likadalibe kusowa kwa tanthauzo ndi chidziwitso m'mafakitale onse komanso pakati pa anthu onse komanso opanga mfundo. Pakati pa malingaliro owonjezera khumi ndi awiri adapereka mutu wofanana pakufunika kwa uthenga wabwino komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.

Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations. (2017, May 3). Blue Growth Charter ku Cabo Verde. Mgwirizano wamayiko. Zobwezeredwa ku: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmw4kvfUnZI

United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation imathandizira Maiko Otukuka Zilumba Zing'onozing'ono kudzera m'mapulojekiti angapo padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikiza Blue Growth Charter. Cape Verde idasankhidwa kukhala projekiti yoyeserera ya Blue Growth Charter yolimbikitsa ndondomeko ndi ndalama zokhudzana ndi chitukuko chokhazikika cha nyanja. Kanemayu akuwonetsa mbali zosiyanasiyana za Blue Economy kuphatikiza zomwe zikukhudzidwa ndi anthu akumaloko zomwe sizimawonetsedwa nthawi zambiri pazambiri za Blue Economy.

Spalding, MJ (2016, February). The New Blue Economy: Tsogolo la Kukhazikika. Journal of Ocean ndi Coastal Economics. Zobwezeredwa ku: http://dx.doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1052

Blue Economy yatsopano ndi mawu opangidwa kuti afotokoze zochitika zomwe zimalimbikitsa ubale wabwino pakati pa zoyesayesa za anthu, ntchito zachuma, ndi zoyesayesa zoteteza.

UN Environment Programme Finance Initiative. (2021, Marichi). Kutembenuza Mafunde: Momwe Mungapezere Ndalama Zowonongeka kwa Nyanja: Chitsogozo chothandiza kwa mabungwe azachuma kuti atsogolere kukonzanso kwanyanja. Mutha kutsitsa pano patsamba lino.

Chitsogozo ichi choperekedwa ndi bungwe la UN Environment Program Finance Initiative ndi chida choyamba chomwe chimathandiza mabungwe azachuma kuti awonetsetse zomwe akuchita kuti athe kupeza chuma chokhazikika. Zopangidwira mabanki, ma inshuwaransi ndi oyika ndalama, malangizowo akuwonetsa momwe mungapewere ndikuchepetsa kuwopsa kwa chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, komanso kuwonetsa mwayi, popereka ndalama kumakampani kapena ma projekiti mkati mwachuma cha buluu. Magawo asanu ofunikira am'nyanja akuwunikidwa, osankhidwa kuti agwirizane ndi zachuma zachinsinsi: nsomba zam'madzi, zonyamula katundu, madoko, zokopa alendo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi zam'madzi ndi mphamvu zongowonjezedwanso zapanyanja, makamaka mphepo yam'mphepete mwa nyanja.

BWANANI TOP

3. Zotsatira Zachuma

Asian Development Bank / International Finance Corporation mogwirizana ndi International Capital Market Association (ICMA), United National Environment Program Finance Initiative (UNEP FI), ndi United Nations Global Compact (UNGC) (2023, September). Bonds to Finance the Sustainable Blue Economy: A Practitioner's Guide. https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Sustainable-finance/Bonds-to-Finance-the-Sustainable-Blue-Economy-a-Practitioners-Guide-September-2023.pdf

Chitsogozo chatsopano pa ma bond a buluu kuti athandizire kumasula ndalama kuti pakhale chuma chokhazikika panyanja | International Capital Market Association (ICMA) pamodzi ndi International Finance Corporation (IFC) - membala wa World Bank Group, United Nations Global Compact, Asian Development Bank ndi UNEP FI apanga chitsogozo cha akatswiri padziko lonse lapansi kuti athandizire ndalama zokhazikika. blue economic. Upangiri wodzifunirawu umapatsa omwe akutenga nawo gawo pamsika njira zomveka bwino, machitidwe, ndi zitsanzo za "blue bond" yobwereketsa ndi kutulutsa. Kusonkhanitsa malingaliro kuchokera kumisika yazachuma, makampani apanyanja ndi mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi, imapereka chidziwitso pazigawo zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikukhudzidwa poyambitsa "blue bond" yodalirika, momwe mungawunikire momwe chilengedwe chimakhudzira ndalama za "blue bond"; ndi masitepe ofunikira kuti atsogolere zochitika zomwe zimasunga kukhulupirika kwa msika.

Spalding, MJ (2021, Disembala 17). Kuyeza Sustainable Ocean Economy Investing. Wilson Center. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/measuring-sustainable-ocean-economy-investing

Kuyika ndalama pazachuma chokhazikika panyanja sikungokhudza kubweza ndalama zomwe zasinthidwa, komanso kupereka chitetezo ndi kubwezeretsanso zinthu zina zosaoneka za buluu. Tikupereka malingaliro a magulu asanu ndi awiri akuluakulu a ndalama zokhazikika za chuma cha buluu, zomwe zili pa magawo osiyanasiyana ndipo zimatha kusungitsa ndalama za boma kapena zachinsinsi, zopezera ngongole, zachifundo, ndi njira zina zopezera ndalama. Magulu asanu ndi awiriwa ndi awa: kukhazikika kwachuma ndi chikhalidwe cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kukonza kayendedwe ka nyanja, mphamvu zongowonjezwka za m'nyanja, ndalama zogulira zakudya zochokera m'nyanja zam'madzi, sayansi yazachilengedwe m'nyanja, kuyeretsa nyanja, ndi zochitika zam'nyanja zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa m'badwo wotsatira. Kuphatikiza apo, alangizi azachuma ndi eni ake atha kuthandizira kusungitsa chuma chamtambo, kuphatikiza makampani ochita nawo zinthu ndikuwakokera kumayendedwe abwino, zogulitsa, ndi ntchito.

Metroeconomica, The Ocean Foundation, ndi WRI Mexico. (2021, Januware 15). Kuyang'ana Kwachuma kwa Zamoyo Zam'mphepete mwa nyanja m'chigawo cha MAR ndi Katundu ndi Ntchito Zomwe Amapereka, Lipoti Lomaliza. Inter-American Development Bank. PDF.

Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS kapena MAR) ndiye chilengedwe chachikulu kwambiri ku America komanso chachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kafukufukuyu adaganizira za chithandizo, ntchito zachikhalidwe, ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi zachilengedwe zam'mphepete mwa nyanja m'chigawo cha MAR, ndipo adapeza kuti zokopa alendo ndi zosangalatsa zidathandizira 4,092 miliyoni USD m'chigawo cha Mesoamerican, pomwe usodzi umapereka ndalama zina zokwana 615 miliyoni za USD. Zopindulitsa zapachaka za chitetezo cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndizofanana ndi 322.83-440.71 miliyoni USD. Lipotili ndi chimaliziro cha magawo anayi ogwirira ntchito pa intaneti mu Januware 2021 ndi anthu opitilira 100 omwe akuimira mayiko anayi a MAR: Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, ndi Honduras. The Executive Summary akhoza kukhala apezeka pano, ndipo infographic ikhoza kupezeka pansipa:

Voyer, M., van Leeuwen, J. (2019, August). "Social License Yogwira Ntchito" mu Blue Economy. Mfundo Zothandizira. (62) 102-113. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://www.sciencedirect.com/

Blue Economy monga chitsanzo chazachuma chokhazikika panyanja ikufuna kukambirana za udindo wa chiphaso cha anthu kuti agwire ntchito. Nkhaniyi ikuti layisensi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu, kudzera mu kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu amderali komanso okhudzidwa, imakhudza phindu la pulojekiti yokhudzana ndi Blue Economy.

Blue Economy Summit. (2019) Towards Sustainable Blue Economies ku Caribbean. Msonkhano wa Blue Economy, Roatan, Honduras. PDF

Zoyeserera kudera lonse la Caribbean zayamba kusinthira kuzinthu zophatikizika, zamagulu osiyanasiyana komanso zokhazikika kuphatikiza kukonza mabizinesi ndi utsogoleri. Lipotili likuphatikizapo maphunziro awiri a zoyesayesa ku Grenada ndi Bahamas ndi zothandizira kuti mudziwe zambiri pazochitika zomwe zikuyang'ana chitukuko chokhazikika m'dera la Wider Caribbean.

Attri, VN (2018 Novembala 27). Mwayi Watsopano ndi Wotukuka Wogulitsa Pansi pa Sustainable Blue Economy. Business Forum, Sustainable Blue Economy Conference. Nairobi, Kenya. PDF

Chigawo cha Indian Ocean chimapereka mwayi wopeza ndalama zambiri pazachuma chokhazikika cha Blue Economy. Ndalama zitha kuthandizidwa ndikuwonetsa ulalo wokhazikika pakati pa magwiridwe antchito akampani ndi momwe ndalama zikuyendera. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zolimbikitsira ndalama zokhazikika kunyanja ya Indian Ocean zibwera ndikutengapo gawo kwa maboma, mabungwe azibizinesi, ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana.

Mwanza, K. (2018, November 26). Madera Osodza ku Africa Akukumana ndi "kutha" Pamene Chuma Chabuluu Chikukula: Akatswiri. Thomas Reuters Foundation. Zobwezeredwa ku: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-oceans-blueeconomy/african-fishing-communities-face-extinction-as-blue-economy-grows-experts-idUSKCN1NV2HI

Pali chiopsezo kuti mapulogalamu a chitukuko cha Blue Economy angachepetse madera a asodzi pamene mayiko amaika patsogolo ntchito zokopa alendo, usodzi wa mafakitale, ndi ndalama zofufuzira. Nkhani yaifupi iyi ikuwonetsa zovuta zakukula kwachitukuko popanda kuganizira zokhazikika.

Caribank. (2018, Meyi 31). Seminara: Kupereka Ndalama ku Blue Economy- A Caribbean Development Opportunity. Bank of Development of Caribbean. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2O1Nf4duVRU

Banki Yachitukuko ya Caribbean idachita semina pa Msonkhano wawo Wapachaka wa 2018 wokhudza “Financing the Blue Economy- A Caribbean Development Opportunity.” Msonkhanowu ukukamba za njira zamkati ndi zapadziko lonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira ndalama zamakampani, kukonza njira zoyendetsera chuma cha buluu, komanso kukonza mwayi wopeza ndalama mu Blue Economy.

Sarker, S., Bhuyan, Md., Rahman, M., Md. Islam, Hossain, Md., Basak, S. Islam, M. (2018, May 1). Kuchokera ku Sayansi mpaka Kuchita: Kuwona Zomwe Zingatheke pa Chuma Chabuluu Pakupititsa patsogolo Kukhazikika Kwachuma ku Bangladesh. Ocean ndi Coastal Management. (157) 180-192. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii

Bangladesh imawunikidwa ngati chitsanzo cha kuthekera kwa Blue Economy, komwe kuli kuthekera kwakukulu, komabe zovuta zina zambiri zikadalipo, makamaka pazamalonda ndi malonda okhudzana ndi nyanja ndi gombe. Lipotilo likupeza kuti Blue Growth, yomwe nkhaniyi ikufotokoza ngati kuchuluka kwachuma m'nyanja, sikuyenera kudzipereka kusungitsa chilengedwe kuti pakhale phindu pazachuma monga zikuwonekera ku Bangladesh.

Chilengezo cha Sustainable Blue Economy Finance Principles. (2018 Januware 15). Bungwe la European Commission. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ declaration-sustainable-blue-economy-finance-principles_en.pdf

Oimira gulu lazachuma komanso magulu osachita phindu kuphatikiza European Commission, European Investment Bank, World Wide Fund for Nature, ndi The Prince of Wales's International Sustainability Unit adapanga maziko a Blue Economy Investment Principles. Mfundo khumi ndi zinayizi zikuphatikiza kuwonekera, kuzindikira zoopsa, zokhudzidwa, komanso kuzikidwa pa sayansi popanga Blue Economy. Cholinga chawo ndikuthandizira chitukuko ndi kupereka ndondomeko ya chuma chokhazikika cha m'nyanja.

Blue Economy Caribbean. (2018). Zochita. BEC, New Energy Events. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: http://newenergyevents.com/bec/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/11/BEC_5-Action-Items.pdf

Infographic yomwe ikuwonetsa njira zomwe zikuyenera kupitiliza kukulitsa chuma cha buluu ku Caribbean. Izi zikuphatikizapo utsogoleri, mgwirizano, kulengeza kwa anthu, kuyendetsedwa ndi zofuna, ndi kuyamikira.

Blue Economy Caribbean (2018). Caribbean Blue Economy: Maonedwe a OECS. Kupereka. BEC, New Energy Events. Zobwezeredwa ku: http://newenergyevents.com/blue-economy-caribbean/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2018/11/BEC_Showcase_OECS.pdf

Bungwe la Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) lidaperekedwa pa Blue Economy ku Caribbean kuphatikiza chiwongolero chazachuma komanso osewera akulu mderali. Masomphenya awo akuyang'ana kwambiri zamoyo wapanyanja zakum'maŵa kwa nyanja ya Caribbean yosamalidwa bwino ndikukhala osamala pakulimbikitsa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi zachuma kwa anthu amderalo. 

Boma la Anguilla. (2018) Kupanga ndalama kwa Anguilla's 200 Mile EFZ Zaperekedwa ku Caribbean Blue Economy Conference, Miami. PDF

EFZ ya Anguilla ndi imodzi mwa zazikulu kwambiri ku Caribbean. Ulalikiwu ukupereka chidule cha kakhazikitsidwe kaulamuliro wa ziphaso zausodzi wakunyanja ndi zitsanzo za maubwino am'mbuyomu kumayiko akuzilumba. Njira zopangira laisensi ndi monga kusonkhanitsa ndi kusanthula deta ya usodzi, kupanga malamulo operekera ziphaso zakunja ndikupereka mayendedwe ndi kuyang'anira.

Hansen, E., Holthus, P., Allen, C., Bae, J., Goh, J., Mihailescu, C., ndi C. Pedregon. (2018). Magulu a Ocean/Maritime: Utsogoleri ndi Mgwirizano wa Chitukuko Chokhazikika cha Nyanja ndi Kukwaniritsa Zolinga Zachitukuko Chokhazikika. Bungwe la World Ocean Council. PDF

Magulu a Ocean/Maritime ndi malo omwe ali m'mafakitale apanyanja ogwirizana omwe amagawana misika wamba ndikugwirana ntchito moyandikana kudzera m'magulu angapo. Maguluwa atha kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakupititsa patsogolo chitukuko chokhazikika panyanja pophatikiza luso, kupikisana-kupindula-phindu komanso kukhudzidwa kwachilengedwe.

Humphrey, K. (2018). Blue Economy Barbados, Ministry of Maritime Affairs ndi Blue Economy. PDF

Barbados's Blue Economy Framework imapangidwa ndi mizati itatu: mayendedwe ndi zinthu, nyumba ndi kuchereza alendo, thanzi ndi zakudya. Cholinga chawo ndikuteteza chilengedwe, kukhala 100% mphamvu zowonjezera, kuletsa mapulasitiki, ndi kukonza ndondomeko zoyendetsera nyanja.

Parsan, N. ndi A. Friday. (2018). Kukonzekera Kwabwino Kwambiri pa Kukula kwa Buluu ku Caribbean: Nkhani Yophunzira kuchokera ku Grenada. Zowonetsera ku Blue Economy Caribbean. PDF

Chuma cha Grenada chinawonongeka ndi mphepo yamkuntho Ivan ku 2004 ndipo pambuyo pake anamva zotsatira za Mavuto a Zachuma omwe amachititsa kuti 40% ikhale yopanda ntchito. Izi zidapereka mwayi wopanga Blue Growth pakukonzanso zachuma. Kuzindikiritsa magulu asanu ndi anayi a ntchito ndondomekoyi idathandizidwa ndi Banki Yadziko Lonse ndi cholinga chakuti St. George ikhale likulu loyamba lokonzekera bwino nyengo. Zambiri za pulani ya Grenada's Blue Growth Master ikupezekanso Pano.

Ram, J. (2018) The Blue Economy: A Caribbean Development Opportunity. Caribbean Development Bank. PDF

Mtsogoleri wa Economics ku Caribbean Development Bank yoperekedwa ku 2018 Blue Economy Caribbean pa mwayi kwa osunga ndalama m'chigawo cha Caribbean. Ulalikiwu ukuphatikizanso mitundu yatsopano yandalama monga Blended Finance, Blue Bonds, Recoverable Grants, Debt-for-Nature Swaps, ndikuwongolera mwachindunji ndalama zachinsinsi mu Blue Economy.

Klinger, D., Eikeset, AM, Davíðsdóttir, B., Winter, AM, Watson, J. (2017, October 21). Mechanics of Blue Growth: Kasamalidwe ka Oceanic Natural Resource Use ndi angapo, Interacting Actors. Ndondomeko ya Marine (87). 356-362.

Blue Growth imadalira kasamalidwe kophatikizana kwa magawo angapo azachuma kuti agwiritse ntchito bwino zachilengedwe zam'nyanja. Chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa nyanja pali mgwirizano komanso chidani, pakati pa zokopa alendo ndi kupanga mphamvu zapanyanja, komanso pakati pa madera osiyanasiyana ndi mayiko omwe akulimbirana zinthu zopanda malire.

Spalding, MJ (2015 October 30). Kuyang'ana Pazatsatanetsatane. Blog ya msonkhano wamutu wakuti "The Oceans in National Income Accounts: Kufunafuna Kugwirizana pa Tanthauzo ndi Miyezo". The Ocean Foundation. Adafikira pa Julayi 22, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/looking-at-the-small-details/

Chuma (chatsopano) cha buluu sichimakhudza teknoloji yatsopano yomwe ikubwera, koma ntchito zachuma zomwe ndizokhazikika ndi zosakhazikika. Komabe, zizindikiro zamagulu amakampani alibe kusiyana kwa machitidwe okhazikika, monga momwe adakhazikitsira msonkhano wa "The Oceans National Income Account" ku Asilomar, California. Zizindikiro zamagulu amtundu wa Purezidenti wa TOF a Mark Spalding amapereka ma metric ofunikira pakuwunika kusintha pakapita nthawi komanso kudziwitsa mfundo.

Pulogalamu ya National Ocean Economics. (2015). Market Data. Middlebury Institute of International Studies ku Monterey: Center for the Blue Economy. Zobwezeredwa ku: http://www.oceaneconomics.org/market/coastal/

Middlebury's Center for the Blue Economy imapereka ziwerengero zingapo komanso mayendedwe azachuma m'mafakitale potengera zochitika zamsika mu Ocean ndi gombe lazachuma. Amagawidwa ndi chaka, chigawo, zigawo, mafakitale, komanso madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi makhalidwe. Zambiri zawo ndizopindulitsa kwambiri powonetsa kukhudzidwa kwa mafakitale am'nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja pachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi.

Spalding, MJ (2015). Ocean Sustainability ndi Global Resource Management. Blog pa "Ocean Sustainability Science Symposium". The Ocean Foundation. Adafikira pa Julayi 22, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/blog/ocean-sustainability-and-global-resource-management

Kuchokera ku mapulasitiki kupita ku Ocean Acidification anthu ndi omwe ali ndi udindo pakuwonongeka kwapano ndipo anthu akuyenera kupitiliza kugwira ntchito kuti asinthe nyanja yapadziko lapansi. Cholemba cha blog cha Purezidenti wa TOF Mark Spalding chimalimbikitsa zochita zomwe sizikuvulaza, kupanga mwayi wobwezeretsanso nyanja, ndikuchotsa kupsinjika kwanyanja ngati gawo logawana nawo.

The Economist Intelligence Unit. (2015). The Blue Economy: Kukula, Mwayi, ndi Sustainable Ocean Economy. The Economist: pepala lachidule la World Ocean Summit 2015. Zobwezeredwa ku: https://www.woi.economist.com/content/uploads/2018/ 04/m1_EIU_The-Blue-Economy_2015.pdf

Poyambirira yokonzekera Msonkhano Wapadziko Lonse wa 2015, The Economist's Intelligence Unit imayang'ana za kuwonekera kwachuma cha buluu, kusanja bwino kwachuma ndi kasungidwe, ndipo pomaliza njira zopezera ndalama. Pepalali limapereka chiwongolero chambiri cha zochitika zachuma zam'nyanja ndikupereka mfundo zokambitsirana za tsogolo lazachuma zomwe zikukhudza mafakitale apanyanja.

BenDor, T., Lester, W., Livengood, A., Davis, A. ndi L. Yonavjak. (2015). Kuyerekeza Kukula ndi Zotsatira za Ecological Restoration Economy. Library ya Public of Science 10 (6): e0128339. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128339

Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe, monga gawo, kumapanga pafupifupi $9.5 biliyoni pakugulitsa pachaka ndi ntchito 221,000. Kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe kungatchulidwe mofala ngati ntchito zachuma zomwe zimathandizira kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe ku chikhalidwe cha thanzi ndikudzaza ntchito. Nkhaniyi inali yoyamba kusonyeza ubwino wowerengeka wa kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe pa dziko lonse.

Kildow, J., Colgan, C., Scorse, J., Johnston, P., ndi M. Nichols. (2014). State of the US Ocean and Coastal Economies 2014. Center for the Blue Economy: Middlebury Institute of International Studies ku Monterey: National Ocean Economics Program. Zobwezeredwa ku: http://cbe.miis.edu/noep_publications/1

Bungwe la Monterey Institute of International Studies 'Center for the Blue Economy limapereka kuyang'ana mozama pazochitika zachuma, chiwerengero cha anthu, mtengo wa katundu, mtengo wachilengedwe ndi kupanga, ndalama zomwe boma la United States limagwiritsa ntchito zokhudzana ndi mafakitale a m'nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Lipotili limasindikiza matebulo ndi ma analytics ambiri omwe amapereka kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwachuma chanyanja.

Conathan, M. ndi K. Kroh. (June 2012). Maziko a Blue Economy: CAP Yakhazikitsa Ntchito Yatsopano Yolimbikitsa Mafakitole Okhazikika pa Nyanja. Center for American Progress. Zobwezeredwa ku: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2012/06/ 27/11794/thefoundations-of-a-blue-economy/

Center for American Progress idatulutsa mwachidule pulojekiti yawo ya Blue Economy yomwe imayang'ana kwambiri chilengedwe, chuma, ndi mafakitale omwe amadalira ndikukhala limodzi ndi nyanja, gombe, ndi Nyanja Yaikulu. Lipoti lawo likuwonetsa kufunikira kwa kafukufuku wokulirapo wa momwe chuma chikuyendera komanso zikhalidwe zomwe sizimawonekera nthawi zonse pakusanthula deta yachikhalidwe. Izi zikuphatikizapo phindu lazachuma lomwe limafuna kuti nyanja ikhale yaukhondo komanso yathanzi, monga mtengo wamalonda wa malo akunyanja kapena zinthu zomwe anthu amapeza poyenda panyanja.

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4. Ulimi wa Madzi ndi Usodzi

Pansipa mupeza malingaliro okhudzana ndi zamoyo zam'madzi ndi usodzi kudzera m'magalasi a Blue Economy, kuti mumve zambiri, chonde onani masamba azothandizira a The Ocean Foundation Kulimbitsa Nyanja ndi Zida ndi Njira Zoyendetsera Usodzi Mwaluso motero.

Bailey, KM (2018). Maphunziro a Usodzi: Usodzi Waluso ndi Tsogolo la Nyanja Yathu. Chicago ndi London: University of Chicago Press.

Asodzi ang'onoang'ono amatenga gawo lalikulu pa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi, amapereka theka la magawo awiri mwa magawo atatu a nsomba zomwe zimagwidwa padziko lonse lapansi koma amagwiritsa ntchito 80-90% ya ogwira ntchito za nsomba padziko lonse lapansi, theka la iwo ndi akazi. Koma mavuto akupitirirabe. Pamene chitukuko cha mafakitale chikukulirakulira kumakhala kovuta kwa asodzi ang'onoang'ono kusunga ufulu wopha nsomba, makamaka pamene madera akuchulukirachulukira. Pogwiritsa ntchito nkhani zaumwini zochokera kwa asodzi padziko lonse lapansi, Bailey amathirira ndemanga pa ntchito ya usodzi yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso ubale wapakati pa asodzi ang'onoang'ono ndi chilengedwe.

Food and Agriculture Organisation ya United Nations. (2018). Mkhalidwe wa Usodzi Padziko Lonse ndi Zamoyo Zam'madzi: Kukwaniritsa Zolinga Zachitukuko Chokhazikika. Roma. PDF

Lipoti la United Nations la 2018 lonena za usodzi wapadziko lonse lapansi lidapereka kafukufuku watsatanetsatane woyendetsedwa ndi data wofunikira pakuwongolera zopezeka m'madzi mu Blue Economy. Lipotili likuwonetsa zovuta zazikulu kuphatikiza kukhazikika, njira yophatikizika yamagulu osiyanasiyana, kuthana ndi chitetezo cha biosecurity, komanso lipoti lolondola la ziwerengero. Lipoti lathunthu likupezeka Pano.

Allison, EH (2011).  Ulimi, Usodzi, Umphawi ndi Chitetezo Chakudya. Adatumizidwa ku OECD. Penang: WorldFish Center. PDF

Lipoti la WorldFish Center likusonyeza kuti ndondomeko zokhazikika zausodzi ndi ulimi wa m’madzi zingapereke phindu lalikulu pakupeza chakudya chokwanira komanso kuchepetsa umphawi m’mayiko osauka. Ndondomeko zoyendetsera ntchito ziyeneranso kukhazikitsidwa pamodzi ndi njira zokhazikika kuti zikhale zogwira mtima kwa nthawi yayitali. Usodzi wabwino ndi ulimi wa m'madzi umapindulitsa anthu ambiri malinga ngati asinthidwa kukhala madera ndi mayiko. Izi zikugwirizana ndi lingaliro lakuti machitidwe okhazikika ali ndi zotsatira zozama pa chuma chonse ndipo amapereka chitsogozo cha chitukuko cha usodzi mu Blue Economy.

Mills, DJ, Westlund, L., de Graaf, G., Kura, Y., Willman, R. ndi K. Kelleher. (2011). Zosawerengeredwa mochepera komanso zosafunikira: Asodzi ang'onoang'ono m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene mu R. Pomeroy ndi NL Andrew (eds.), Kusamalira Usodzi Waung'ono: Mapangidwe ndi Njira. UK: CABI. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/9781845936075/

Kupyolera mu "kafukufuku wazithunzi" Mills amayang'ana ntchito za chikhalidwe ndi zachuma za usodzi m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. Pazonse, asodzi ang'onoang'ono sakuyankhidwa pamlingo wa dziko makamaka ponena za momwe usodzi amakhudzira chitetezo cha chakudya, kuthetsa umphawi ndi kupereka moyo, komanso nkhani za kayendetsedwe ka usodzi m'mayiko ambiri omwe akutukuka kumene. Usodzi ndi imodzi mwamagawo akulu kwambiri azachuma m'nyanja zam'madzi ndipo kuwunikaku kumathandizira kulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika komanso chokhazikika.

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5. Ulendo, Maulendo apanyanja, ndi Usodzi Wosangalatsa

Conathan, M. (2011). Nsomba Lachisanu: Mizere Miliyoni khumi ndi iwiri M'madzi. Center for American Progress. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2011/ 07/01/9922/fishon-fridays-twelve-million-lines-in-the-water/

Bungwe la Center for American Progress likufufuza zomwe zapeza kuti kusodza kosangalatsa, komwe kumaphatikizapo anthu aku America opitilira 12 miliyoni pachaka, kumawopseza mitundu ya nsomba zambiri mosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi usodzi wamalonda. Njira yabwino yochepetsera kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndi kusodza mopambanitsa kumaphatikizapo kutsatira malamulo a ziphaso ndi kugwila mosamala ndikumasula. Kuwunikidwa kwa kachitidwe kabwino ka nkhaniyi kumathandizira kulimbikitsa kasamalidwe koyenera ka Blue Economy.

Zappino, V. (2005 June). Tourism and Development ku Caribbean: Chidule [Lipoti Lomaliza]. Zokambirana Nambala 65. European Center for Development Policy Management. Zobwezeredwa ku: http://ecdpm.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/11/DP-65-Caribbean-Tourism-Industry-Development-2005.pdf

Tourism ku Caribbean ndi imodzi mwamafakitale ofunikira kwambiri m'derali, yomwe imakopa alendo mamiliyoni ambiri chaka chilichonse kudzera kumalo ochitirako tchuthi komanso ngati kopitako. Pakafukufuku wazachuma wokhudzana ndi chitukuko mu Blue Economy, Zappino amayang'ana momwe zokopa alendo zimakhudzira chilengedwe ndikuwunika njira zoyendera zoyendera mderali. Amalimbikitsanso kukhazikitsanso malangizo am'madera kuti azitsatira zomwe zimathandizira anthu amderali kuti apititse patsogolo chitukuko cha Blue Economy.

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6. Technology mu Blue Economy

US Department of Energy. (2018 April). Powering the Blue Economy Report. US department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/downloads/powering-blue-economy-report

Kupyolera mu kusanthula kwapamwamba kwa mwayi wopezeka pamsika, Dipatimenti ya Zamagetsi ku US ikuyang'ana luso la luso latsopano ndi chitukuko cha zachuma mu mphamvu zam'madzi. Lipotili likuyang'ana mphamvu zamafakitale akunyanja ndi pafupi ndi gombe kuphatikiza mphamvu zochotsa mchere, kulimba kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kubwezeretsanso masoka, ulimi wam'madzi am'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi machitidwe amagetsi kwa madera akutali. Zambiri pamitu yamphamvu zam'madzi kuphatikiza algae zam'madzi, kuchotsa mchere, kulimba kwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi machitidwe amagetsi akutali angapezeke. Pano.

Michel, K. ndi P. Noble. (2008). Zotsogola Zatekinoloje mu Maritime Transportation. Mlatho 38:2, 33-40.

Michel ndi Noble akukambirana za kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo pazatsopano zazikulu zamabizinesi apanyanja. Olembawo akugogomezera kufunikira kwa machitidwe okonda zachilengedwe. Magawo akulu omwe amakambitsirana m'nkhaniyi akuphatikiza machitidwe amakampani apano, kapangidwe ka zombo, mayendedwe apanyanja, komanso kukhazikitsidwa bwino kwaukadaulo womwe ukubwera. Kutumiza ndi malonda ndizomwe zimayendetsa kukula kwa nyanja komanso kumvetsetsa zoyendera zam'nyanja ndikofunikira kuti tikwaniritse Blue Economy yokhazikika.

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7. Kukula kwa Buluu

Soma, K., van den Burg, S., Hoefnagel, E., Stuiver, M., van der Heide, M. (2018 January). Social Innovation- Njira Yamtsogolo Yakukula Kwa Blue? Ndondomeko ya Marine. gawo 87:p. 363 - masamba. 370. Zotengedwa kuchokera ku: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/

Kukula kwa buluu kwanzeru monga momwe European Union ikufunira ikufuna kukopa ukadaulo watsopano ndi malingaliro omwe ali ndi vuto lochepa pa chilengedwe, ndikuganiziranso kuyanjana kofunikira kuti pakhale zokhazikika. Pa kafukufuku wokhudza zamoyo zam'madzi ku Dutch North Sea ofufuza adazindikira machitidwe omwe angapindule ndi zatsopano pomwe amaganiziranso zamalingaliro, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano, komanso kufufuzidwa kwanthawi yayitali pachilengedwe. Ngakhale zovuta zambiri zikadalipo, kuphatikiza kugula kuchokera kwa opanga am'deralo, nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu pazachuma.

Lillebø, AI, Pita, C., Garcia Rodrigues, J., Ramos, S., Villasante, S. (2017, July) Kodi Marine Ecosystem Services ingathandizire bwanji pa Blue Growth Agenda? Ndondomeko Yapanyanja (81) 132-142. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0308597X16308107?via%3Dihub

Bungwe la European Union la Blue Growth Agenda limayang'ana za kaperekedwe ka ntchito zachilengedwe m'nyanja makamaka m'madera a zamoyo zam'madzi, sayansi yasayansi ya blue biotechnology, mphamvu ya buluu komanso kapezedwe ka zinthu zakufukula zamchere zam'madzi ndi zokopa alendo. Magawo onsewa amadalira zachilengedwe za m'nyanja ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zomwe zingatheke pokhapokha poyang'anira ndi kusamalira bwino ntchito zachilengedwe. Olembawo amatsutsa kuti mwayi wa Blue Growth umafunika kuyendetsa malonda pakati pa zachuma, chikhalidwe, ndi chilengedwe, ngakhale chitukuko chidzapindula ndi malamulo ena otsogolera.

Virdin, J. ndi Patil, P. (eds.). (2016). Kutsogolo kwa Chuma cha Buluu: Lonjezo la Kukula Kokhazikika ku Caribbean. Banki Yadziko Lonse. Zobwezeredwa ku: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/25061/Demystifying0t0the0Caribbean0Region.pdf

Wopangidwira opanga mfundo m'chigawo cha Caribbean, bukuli limagwira ntchito ngati chithunzithunzi chokwanira cha lingaliro la Blue Economy. Madera ndi madera aku Caribbean amalumikizana kwambiri ndi zachilengedwe za Nyanja ya Caribbean ndipo kumvetsetsa ndi kuyeza momwe chuma chikukhudzidwira ndikofunikira pakukula kosatha kapena kofanana. Lipotili ndi gawo loyamba pakuwunika kuthekera kwenikweni kwa nyanja ngati malo azachuma komanso injini yakukula, pomwe ikulimbikitsanso mfundo zoyendetsera bwino kugwiritsa ntchito nyanja ndi nyanja mokhazikika.

World Wildlife Fund. (2015, Epulo 22). Kutsitsimutsa Economy ya Ocean. WWF International Production. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/reviving-the-oceans-economy-the-case-for-action-2015

Nyanja ndiyomwe ikuthandizira kwambiri pazachuma chapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zithandizire kuteteza malo okhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi m'madzi m'maiko onse. Lipotilo likuwonetsa zochitika zisanu ndi zitatu zomwe zikuphatikizapo, kufunikira kwa kuvomereza Zolinga za United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, kuchepetsa mpweya kuti athetse acidity ya m'nyanja, kuyendetsa bwino 10 peresenti ya madera a m'nyanja m'mayiko onse, kumvetsetsa chitetezo cha malo ndi kasamalidwe ka nsomba, njira zoyenera zapadziko lonse lapansi zogwirira ntchito. kukambirana ndi mgwirizano, kupanga mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ndi mabungwe omwe amaganizira za moyo wa anthu ammudzi, kupanga mawerengero owonekera komanso owonetsera anthu za ubwino wa nyanja, ndipo potsirizira pake amapanga nsanja yapadziko lonse yothandizira ndikugawana chidziwitso cha nyanja pogwiritsa ntchito deta. Pamodzi izi zitha kutsitsimutsa chuma cha m'nyanja ndikubweretsa kukonzanso kwa nyanja.

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8. Boma la Dziko ndi Ntchito Zapadziko Lonse

Africa Blue Economy Forum. (June 2019). Africa Blue Economy Forum Concept Note. Blue Jay Communication Ltd., London. PDF

Fomu yachiwiri ya African Blue Economy inayang'ana pa zovuta ndi mwayi pakukula kwa chuma cha m'nyanja ya Africa, mgwirizano pakati pa mafakitale achikhalidwe ndi omwe akutukuka kumene, komanso kulimbikitsa kukhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito chitukuko cha chuma chozungulira. Mfundo yaikulu yomwe inayankhidwa inali kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa nyanja. Oyambitsa ambiri ayamba kuthana ndi vuto la kuipitsidwa kwa nyanja, koma izi nthawi zambiri zimasowa ndalama zothandizira kukulitsa mafakitale.

Commonwealth Blue Charter. (2019). Blue Economy. Zobwezeredwa ku: https://thecommonwealth.org/blue-economy.

Pali mgwirizano wapakati pakati pa nyanja, kusintha kwa nyengo, ndi moyo wa anthu a m'bungwe la Commonwealth kupangitsa kuti ziwonekere kuti ziyenera kuchitika. Mtundu wa Blue Economy cholinga chake ndi kupititsa patsogolo moyo wabwino wa anthu komanso kufanana pakati pa anthu, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kuopsa kwa chilengedwe komanso kusowa kwa chilengedwe. Tsambali likuwonetsa cholinga cha Blue Charter chothandizira maiko kukhala ndi njira yophatikizira yomanga chuma cha buluu.

Komiti yaukadaulo ya Sustainable Blue Economy Conference. (2018, Disembala). Lipoti lomaliza la Sustainable Blue Economy Conference. Nairobi, Kenya Novembala 26-28, 2018. PDF

Msonkhano wapadziko lonse wa Sustainable Blue Economy Conference, womwe unachitikira ku Nairobi, Kenya, unakhudza kwambiri chitukuko chokhazikika chomwe chimaphatikizapo nyanja, nyanja, nyanja, ndi mitsinje malinga ndi 2030 United Nations Agenda. Ophunzirawo anali ochokera kwa atsogoleri a mayiko ndi nthumwi za mabungwe apadziko lonse lapansi kupita ku gawo lazamalonda ndi atsogoleri ammudzi, omwe adaperekedwa pazofufuza komanso kupezeka pamisonkhano. Chotsatira cha msonkhanowu chinali kupangidwa kwa Nairobi Statement of Intent on Advancing a Sustainable Blue Economy.

Banki Yadziko Lonse. (2018, Okutobala 29). Kutulutsa kwa Sovereign Blue Bond: Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri. Gulu la Banja la Padziko Lonse. Zabwezedwa kuchokera:  https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/10/29/ sovereign-blue-bond-issuance-frequently-asked-questions

Blue Bond ndi ngongole yoperekedwa ndi maboma ndi mabanki achitukuko kuti akweze ndalama kuchokera kwa omwe amagulitsa ndalama kuti athe kulipirira mapulojekiti apanyanja ndi nyanja omwe ali ndi zabwino zachilengedwe, zachuma, komanso nyengo. Republic of Seychelles inali yoyamba kutulutsa Blue Bond, idakhazikitsa Blue Grants Fund ya $ 3 miliyoni ndi Blue Investment Fund ya $ 12 miliyoni kuti ilimbikitse usodzi wokhazikika.

Africa Blue Economy Forum. (2018). Lipoti lomaliza la Africa Blue Economy Forum 2018. Malingaliro a kampani Blue Jay Communication Ltd. London. PDF

Msonkhano wa London unasonkhanitsa akatswiri a mayiko ndi akuluakulu a boma kuti awonetsetse njira zosiyanasiyana za mayiko a ku Africa ku Blue Economy malinga ndi Agenda 2063 ya African Union ndi United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Nkhani zokambitsirana zinaphatikizapo kusodza kosaloleka ndi kosalamuliridwa ndi malamulo, chitetezo cha panyanja, ulamuliro wa panyanja, mphamvu, malonda, zokopa alendo, ndi ukadaulo. Msonkhanowo unatha ndi kuyitanidwa kuti achitepo kanthu kuti agwiritse ntchito machitidwe okhazikika.

European Commission (2018). Lipoti Lapachaka la Economic la 2018 pa EU Blue Economy. European Union Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Zobwezeredwa ku: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ 2018-annual-economic-report-on-blue-economy_en.pdf

Lipoti lapachaka limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane kukula ndi kukula kwa chuma cha buluu chokhudza European Union. Cholinga cha lipotili ndikuzindikira ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuthekera kwa nyanja, gombe ndi nyanja za ku Europe kuti chuma chikule. Lipotili likuphatikizapo zokambirana za momwe chuma chikuyendera mwachindunji, magulu aposachedwa ndi omwe akubwera, kafukufuku wochokera kumayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU okhudzana ndi zochitika zachuma.

Zikomo, Francois. (2017 May 28). Momwe Mayiko aku Africa Angagwiritsire Ntchito Mphamvu Zazikulu Zanyanja Zawo. Kukambirana. Zobwezeredwa ku: http://theconversation.com/how-african-countries-can-harness-the-huge-potential-of-their-oceans-77889.

Nkhani zaulamuliro ndi chitetezo ndizofunikira pazokambirana za Blue Economy ndi mayiko aku Africa kuti akwaniritse phindu lazachuma. Upandu monga kusodza kosaloledwa, umbava wam'nyanja, kuba ndi zida, kuzembetsa, ndi kusamuka kosaloledwa kumapangitsa kuti mayiko asazindikire kuthekera kwa nyanja zawo, magombe ndi nyanja zawo. Poyankhapo, njira zambiri zapangidwa kuphatikiza mgwirizano wowonjezera m'malire a mayiko ndikuwonetsetsa kuti malamulo adziko akutsatiridwa ndikugwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa United Nations wokhudza chitetezo cham'nyanja.

Gulu la Banki Yadziko Lonse ndi dipatimenti ya UN ya Economic and Social Affairs. (2017). Kuthekera kwa Blue Economy: Kuchulukitsa Ubwino Wanthawi Yaitali Wogwiritsa Ntchito Zinthu Zam'madzi Zam'madzi kwa Mayiko Otukuka a Zilumba Zing'ono ndi Mayiko Osatukuka Pamphepete mwa nyanja. Bungwe la International Bank for The Construction and Development, World Bank. Zobwezeredwa ku:  https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/26843/115545.pdf

Pali njira zingapo zopita ku chuma cha buluu zomwe zonse zimadalira zofunikira za m'deralo ndi dziko. Izi zikuwunikidwa kudzera mukuwona kwa World Bank of Economic drivers of the Blue Economy m'mawu awo okhudza mayiko osatukuka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene.

Mgwirizano wamayiko. (2016). Africa's Blue Economy: Bukhu Lamalamulo. Economic Commission for Africa. Zabwezedwa kuchokera: https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/blue-eco-policy-handbook_eng_1nov.pdf

Mayiko makumi atatu ndi asanu ndi atatu mwa mayiko makumi asanu ndi anayi a mu Africa ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja kapena zilumba ndipo zoposa 90 peresenti ya katundu wa ku Africa ndi kutumiza kunja amachitidwa ndi nyanja zomwe zimapangitsa kuti dziko la Africa lizidalira kwambiri nyanja. Bukhuli la ndondomeko limatenga njira yolimbikitsira kuonetsetsa kuti kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kabwino kake Pepalali likupereka maphunziro angapo omwe akuwonetsa zomwe mayiko aku Africa achita kuti alimbikitse chitukuko cha chuma cha buluu. Bukhuli lilinso ndi ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya ndondomeko ya Blue Economy, yomwe imaphatikizapo kukhazikitsa ndondomeko, kugwirizanitsa, kumanga umwini wa dziko, kuika patsogolo magawo, kamangidwe ka ndondomeko, kukhazikitsa ndondomeko, ndi kuyang'anira ndi kuunika.

Neumann, C. ndi T. Bryan. (2015). Kodi Marine Ecosystem Services Imathandizira Bwanji Zolinga Zachitukuko Chokhazikika? Mu Nyanja ndi Us - Momwe zachilengedwe zam'madzi zathanzi zimathandizira kukwaniritsa zolinga za UN Sustainable Development Goals. Adasinthidwa ndi Christian Neumann, Linwood Pendleton, Anne Kaup ndi Jane Glavan. Mgwirizano wamayiko. Masamba 14-27. PDF

Ntchito zogwirira ntchito zachilengedwe zam'madzi zimathandizira ambiri a United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) kuchokera ku zomangamanga ndi malo okhala mpaka kuthetsa umphawi komanso kuchepetsa kusagwirizana. Kupyolera mu kusanthula kotsatizana ndi zithunzi zojambulidwa, olemba amatsutsa kuti nyanja ndi yofunika kwambiri pothandiza anthu ndipo iyenera kukhala yofunika kwambiri pokwaniritsa zolinga za UN Sustainable Development Goals. Zomwe mayiko ambiri adzipereka ku ma SDGs akhala akuyendetsa Blue Economy ndi chitukuko chokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi.

Cicin-Sain, B. (2015 April). Cholinga cha 14-Kusunga ndi Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mokhazikika Nyanja, Nyanja ndi Zida Zam'madzi Pachitukuko Chokhazikika. UN Chronicle, Vol. LI (No.4). Zabwezedwa kuchokera: http://unchronicle.un.org/article/goal-14-conserve-and-sustainably-useoceans-seas-and-marine-resources-sustainable/

Cholinga cha 14 cha United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs) chikuwunikira kufunikira kosunga nyanja ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zinthu zam'madzi. Thandizo lamphamvu kwambiri pa kayendetsedwe ka nyanja zimachokera ku mayiko ang'onoang'ono omwe akutukuka kumene komanso mayiko otukuka kwambiri omwe akukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusasamala kwa nyanja. Mapulogalamu omwe amakhudza Goal 14 amagwiranso ntchito kukwaniritsa zolinga zina zisanu ndi ziwiri za UN SDG kuphatikizapo umphawi, chitetezo cha chakudya, mphamvu, kukula kwachuma, zomangamanga, kuchepetsa kusagwirizana, mizinda ndi malo okhala anthu, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosatha ndi kupanga, kusintha kwa nyengo, zachilengedwe, ndi njira zothandizira. ndi maubwenzi.

The Ocean Foundation. (2014). Chidule cha zokambirana zozungulira za Blue Growth (bulogu pa tebulo lozungulira ku House of Sweden). The Ocean Foundation. Kufikira mu Julayi 22, 2016. https://oceanfdn.org/summary-from-the-roundtable-discussion-on-blue-growth/

Kulinganiza moyo wamunthu ndi bizinesi kuti mupange kukula kobwezeretsa komanso chidziwitso cha konkriti ndikofunikira kuti mupite patsogolo ndi Blue Growth. Pepalali ndi chidule cha misonkhano ndi misonkhano yambiri yokhudza momwe nyanja yapadziko lapansi imachitikira ndi boma la Sweden mogwirizana ndi The Ocean Foundation.

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