Zosatha Zosadziwika: Climate Geoengineering

Kuphwanya Climate Geoengineering Gawo 1

Gawo 2: Kuchotsa kwa Ocean Carbon Dioxide
Gawo 3: Kusintha kwa Ma radiation a Solar
Gawo 4: Kuganizira za Ethics, Equity, and Justice

Dziko likuyamba pafupi ndi pafupi kupyola mulingo wanyengo wapadziko lonse wochepetsa kutentha kwa dziko ndi 2℃. Chifukwa cha izi, pakhala kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi pa nyengo ya geoengineering, ndi njira zochotsera carbon dioxide zikuphatikizidwamo zambiri za IPCC zochitika.

Tiyeni Tibwerere: Kodi Climate Geoengineering ndi chiyani?

Climate geoengineering ndi kuyanjana mwadala kwa anthu ndi nyengo ya Dziko Lapansi poyesa kubweza, kuletsa, kapena kuchepetsa zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo. Imadziwikanso kuti kulowererapo kwanyengo kapena uinjiniya wanyengo, nyengo ya geoengineering imayesa kuchepetsa kutentha kwa dziko kupyolera mu kusintha kwa ma radiation a dzuwa kapena kuchepetsa mpweya woipa wa carbon dioxide (CO₂) pogwira ndi kusunga CO₂ m'nyanja kapena pamtunda.

Kufulumira kwazovuta zanyengo kwapangitsa kuti afufuze ndikuchitapo kanthu pazanyengo za geoengineering - ngakhale popanda utsogoleri wabwino.

Mapulojekiti a geoengineering a nyengo adzakhala ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali padziko lapansi, ndipo amafuna a malamulo asayansi ndi makhalidwe abwino. Ntchito zimenezi zidzakhudza nthaka, nyanja, mpweya, ndi onse amene amadalira zinthu zimenezi.

Kuthamangira njira zowunikira zanyengo popanda kuwoneratu kungayambitse chiwonongeko chosayembekezereka komanso chosasinthika ku chilengedwe chapadziko lonse lapansi. Nthawi zina, mapulojekiti owongolera nyengo amatha kupanga phindu mosasamala kanthu za kupambana kwa projekiti (Mwachitsanzo pogulitsa makirediti kumapulojekiti osatsimikizirika komanso osaloledwa opanda chilolezo cha anthu), kupanga zolimbikitsa zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi zolinga zanyengo padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene gulu lapadziko lonse lapansi likufufuza ntchito za geoengineering za nyengo, kuphatikizira ndi kuthetsa nkhawa za omwe akukhudzidwa ndi ndondomekoyi kuyenera kukhala patsogolo.

Zosadziwika komanso zotsatira zosayembekezereka zomwe zingachitike chifukwa cha ntchito ya geoengineering ya nyengo zikugogomezera kufunika kochita zinthu poyera komanso kuyankha mlandu. Popeza ambiri mwa mapulojekitiwa ali padziko lonse lapansi, akuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino zomwe zingatsimikizidwe ndikulinganiza kuchulukana ndi mtengo - kuwonetsetsa kuti pali chilungamo komanso mwayi wopezeka.

panopa, mapulojekiti ambiri ali mugawo loyesera, ndipo zitsanzo zimafunikira kutsimikiziridwa musanayambe kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kuti muchepetse zosadziwika ndi zotsatira zosayembekezereka. Kuyesera kwa nyanja ndi maphunziro a ntchito za nyengo ya geoengineering kwakhala kochepa chifukwa cha zovuta ndi kuyang'anira ndi kutsimikizira kupambana kwa ntchito monga mlingo ndi kukhalitsa kwa carbon dioxide kuchotsa. Kupanga malamulo a kachitidwe ndi miyezo ndikofunikira kuti athetseretu mavuto a nyengo, kuika patsogolo chilungamo cha chilengedwe ndi kuteteza zachilengedwe.

Ntchito za geoengineering zanyengo zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu.

Magulu awa ndi kuchotsa carbon dioxide (CDR) ndi solar radiation modification (SRM, yotchedwanso solar radiation management kapena solar geoengineering). CDR imayang'ana kwambiri kusintha kwa nyengo ndi kutentha kwa dziko kuchokera ku gasi wowonjezera kutentha (GHG). Ntchito zimayang'ana njira zochitira kuchepetsa carbon dioxide pakali pano mumlengalenga ndikuzisunga m'malo ngati chomera, mapangidwe amiyala, kapena nthaka kudzera munjira zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa mwaluso. Mapulojekitiwa amatha kupatulidwa kukhala CDR yochokera kunyanja (yomwe nthawi zina imatchedwa marine kapena mCDR) ndi CDR yochokera kumtunda, kutengera zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso malo osungiramo carbon dioxide.

SRM imayang'ana kutentha kwapadziko lonse kuchokera ku kutentha ndi ma radiation ya solar. Mapulojekiti a SRM amayang'ana kuyang'anira momwe dzuwa limayendera ndi dziko lapansi ponyezimira kapena kutulutsa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Ntchitoyi ikufuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuwala kwa dzuwa komwe kumalowa mumlengalenga, zomwe zimachepetsa kutentha kwa dziko.

M'mabulogu otsatirawa mu mndandanda uno, tidzasankha mapulojekiti a geoengineering m'magulu atatu, ndikuyika pulojekiti iliyonse ngati "yachilengedwe," "zachilengedwe zowonjezera," kapena "makina ndi mankhwala".

Ngati ataphatikizidwa ndi kuchepetsa kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera kutentha, ma projekiti a geoengineering a nyengo ali ndi kuthekera kothandizira anthu padziko lonse lapansi kuchepetsa zovuta zakusintha kwanyengo. Komabe, zotsatira zosayembekezereka za kusintha kwa nyengo kwa nthawi yaitali sizikudziwikabe ndipo zingathe kuopseza zachilengedwe za dziko lapansi komanso momwe ife, monga okhudzidwa ndi dziko lapansi, timachitira ndi dziko lapansi. Blog yomaliza pamndandanda uno, Climate Geoengineering ndi Nyanja Yathu: Kuganizira za Ethics, Equity, and Justice, ikuwonetsa madera omwe chilungamo ndi chilungamo zakhazikika pazokambirana za TOF m'mbuyomu, komanso komwe zokambiranazi zikuyenera kupitilira pamene tikuyesetsa kuti pakhale malamulo omveka bwino asayansi odziwika padziko lonse lapansi pamapulojekiti owongolera nyengo.

Sayansi ndi chilungamo zimayenderana ndi zovuta zanyengo ndipo zimawonedwa bwino limodzi. Gawo latsopanoli lophunzirira liyenera kutsogozedwa ndi malamulo akhalidwe omwe amakweza nkhawa za onse okhudzidwa kuti apeze njira yoyenera yopita patsogolo. 

Climate geoengineering imapanga malonjezo okopa, koma imakhala ndi ziwopsezo zenizeni ngati sitiganizira zotsatira zake zanthawi yayitali, kutsimikizika kwake, kuchulukira, ndi chilungamo.