Kulengeza za 2024 Boyd Lyon Scholar

Chaka chilichonse, Bungwe la Boyd Lyon Sea Turtle Fund limapereka maphunziro kwa wophunzira wa sayansi ya zam'madzi yemwe kafukufuku wake amayang'ana kwambiri akamba am'nyanja. Wopambana chaka chino ndi Jaime Restrepo.

Werengani chidule cha kafukufuku wake pansipa:

Background

Akamba am'madzi amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana m'moyo wawo wonse; Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'malo odyetserako zakudya ndipo amasamukira ku magombe odyetserako zisa pakangotha ​​​​chaka akayamba kubereka (Shimada et al. 2020). Kuzindikirika kwa malo osiyanasiyana omwe akamba am'madzi amagwiritsa ntchito komanso kulumikizana pakati pawo ndikofunikira kuti akhazikitse chitetezo cha malo ofunikira kuti awonetsetse kuti akukwaniritsa udindo wawo wazachilengedwe (Troëng et al. 2005, Coffee et al. 2020). Zamoyo zomwe zimasamuka kwambiri monga akamba am'madzi, zimadalira malo ofunikira kuti zikhale bwino. Choncho, njira zotetezera zotetezera zamoyozi zidzakhala zopambana monga momwe alili ofooka kwambiri panjira yosamukira. Satellite telemetry yathandizira kumvetsetsa za chilengedwe komanso kusamuka kwa akamba am'madzi ndikupereka chidziwitso cha biology yawo, kugwiritsa ntchito malo ndi kasungidwe (Wallace et al. 2010). M'mbuyomu, kutsatira akamba omwe amaweta zisa adawunikira makonde omwe amasamuka ndikuthandiza kupeza malo odyetserako chakudya (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Ngakhale kuti ma satellite telemetry kuphunzira kayendedwe ka zamoyo ndi zamtengo wapatali, vuto limodzi lalikulu ndi kukwera mtengo kwa ma transmitters, omwe nthawi zambiri amapangitsa kuti zitsanzo zikhale zochepa. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, kusanthula kokhazikika kwa isotopu (SIA) kwa zinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe zimapezeka m'chilengedwe kwakhala chida chothandiza kuzindikira madera olumikizidwa ndi kayendedwe ka nyama m'malo am'madzi. Kusuntha kosunthika kumatha kutsatiridwa kutengera ma gradients apakati pamitengo ya isotopu ya opanga oyambira (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Kugawidwa kwa isotopu muzinthu zachilengedwe ndi zachilengedwe zitha kuneneratu kufotokoza momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira pamiyeso yapamalo komanso yanthawi, ndikupanga mawonekedwe a isotopic kapena isoscapes. Zolemba za biochemical izi zimakopeka ndi chilengedwe kudzera mu kusamutsa kwa trophic, chifukwa chake nyama zonse zomwe zili pamalo omwe mwatchulidwazi zimalembedwa popanda kugwidwa ndikupatsidwa ma tag (McMahon et al. 2013). Makhalidwewa amapangitsa kuti njira za SIA zikhale zogwira mtima komanso zotsika mtengo, zomwe zimalola mwayi wofikira kukula kwachitsanzo chokulirapo, ndikuwonjezera kuyimilira kwa anthu omwe aphunziridwa. Chifukwa chake, kuchititsa SIA potengera akamba omwe amaweta zisa kungapereke mwayi wowunika momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito m'malo odyetserako chakudya nthawi yoweta isanakwane (Witteveen 2009). Kuphatikiza apo, kuyerekeza zolosera za isoscape zochokera ku SIA kuchokera ku zitsanzo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kudera lonse la kafukufuku, ndi zowunikira zomwe zidapezedwa m'mbuyomu zojambulidwa ndi ma satellite telemetry maphunziro, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kudziwa kulumikizana kwa malo mu biogeochemical, ndi zachilengedwe. Choncho njira imeneyi ndi yoyenera pa kafukufuku wa zamoyo zomwe sizingapezeke kwa ofufuza kwa nthawi yayitali ya moyo wawo (McMahon et al. 2013). Tortuguero National Park (TNP), kugombe la kumpoto kwa Caribbean ku Costa Rica, ndiye gombe lalikulu kwambiri lokhala ndi akamba obiriwira mu Nyanja ya Caribbean (Seminoff et al. 2015; Restrepo et al. 2023). Zambiri zobweza ma tag zochokera kumayiko enanso zapeza njira zobalalitsira zisa kuchokera ku Costa Rica, komanso mayiko ena 19 m'derali (Troëng et al. 2005). M'mbiri, kafukufuku ku Tortuguero adakhazikika kumpoto kwa 8 km pagombe (Carr et al. 1978). Pakati pa chaka cha 2000 ndi 2002, akamba khumi olembedwa pa satellite omwe adatulutsidwa kuchokera kuchigawo ichi cha gombe adapita kumpoto kupita kumalo odyetserako zakudya ku Nicaragua, Honduras, ndi Belize (Troëng et al. 2005). Ngakhale, zidziwitso zobwereranso za ma flipper-tag zidapereka umboni womveka bwino wa azimayi omwe akuyenda maulendo ataliatali, njira zina sizinawonekere pakuyenda kwa akamba omwe ali ndi satelayiti (Troëng et al. 2005). Makilomita asanu ndi atatu omwe amayang'ana malo a maphunziro am'mbuyomu mwina adakondera gawo lochepera la mayendedwe osamukirako omwe adawonedwa, kunenepa kwambiri kufunikira kwa njira zakumpoto zakusamuka ndi madera odyetserako chakudya. Cholinga cha kafukufukuyu ndikuwunika momwe akamba obiriwira a Tortuguero amasamuka, powunika kuchuluka kwa carbon (δ 13C) ndi nayitrogeni (δ 15N) wa malo odyetserako zakudya kudera la Caribbean Sea.

Zotsatira Zoyembekezeka

Chifukwa cha zoyeserera zathu tatolera kale zitsanzo za minofu yopitilira 800 kuchokera ku akamba obiriwira. Zambiri mwa izi zikuchokera ku Tortuguero, ndi zosonkhanitsa m'malo odyetserako zakudya zomwe ziyenera kumalizidwa chaka chonse. Kutengera SIA kuchokera ku zitsanzo zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa kudera lonselo, tipanga mtundu wa isoscape wa akamba obiriwira ku Caribbean, owonetsa madera odziwika bwino a δ13C ndi δ15N m'malo a udzu wa m'nyanja (McMahon et al. 2013; Vander Zanden et al. 2015) . Chitsanzochi chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika madera ofananirako a akamba obiriwira omwe amakhala ku Tortuguero, kutengera SIA yawo.