Kupanga Nyanja
Kumvetsetsa Zonse Zosintha za Nyanja
Ocean Science Equity Initiative
Kupereka Zida Zoyang'anira Zoyenera
Zida Zathu
Kodi Ocean Acidification ndi chiyani?
Padziko lonse lapansi, madzi a m'nyanja akusintha mofulumira kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse m'mbiri ya Dziko Lapansi.
Pa avareji, madzi a m’nyanja amakhala acidic 30% kuposa momwe analili zaka 250 zapitazo. Ndipo pamene kusintha umagwirira - wotchedwa nyanja acidization - angakhale wosaoneka, zotsatira zake siziri.
Pamene mpweya wochuluka wa carbon dioxide umasungunuka m’nyanja, makemikolo ake amasinthidwa, kupangitsa kuti madzi a m’nyanja akhale acidic. Izi zimatha kusokoneza zamoyo za m'nyanja ndikuchepetsa kupezeka kwa zomangira zina - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti zolengedwa zopanga calcium carbonate monga oyster, nkhanu, ndi ma corals kupanga zipolopolo zolimba kapena zigoba zomwe zimafunikira kuti zipulumuke. Zimapangitsa nsomba zina kusokonezeka, ndipo monga momwe nyama zimakhalira kuti zisamawonongeke ndi kusintha kwakunja kumeneku, sizikhala ndi mphamvu zomwe zimafunikira kuti zikule, kuberekana, kupeza chakudya, kupewa matenda, ndi kuchita machitidwe achizolowezi.
Kuchuluka kwa asidi m'nyanja kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu zambiri: Kutha kusokoneza chilengedwe chonse chomwe chimakhala ndi mgwirizano wovuta pakati pa algae ndi plankton - midadada yomangira chakudya - komanso nyama zofunika pachikhalidwe, zachuma, komanso zachilengedwe monga nsomba, makorali, ndi urchins za m'nyanja. Ngakhale kuti chiwopsezo cha kusintha kwamadzi am'nyanja chimasiyana pakati pa zamoyo ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, kulumikizana kosokonekera kumatha kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito achilengedwe ndikupanga zochitika zamtsogolo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kulosera ndi kuphunzira. Ndipo zikungoipiraipira.
Mayankho Osuntha Singano
Tiyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa anthropogenic wolowa mumlengalenga kuchokera kumafuta oyambira pansi. Tiyenera kulimbikitsa mgwirizano pakati pa acidification ya nyanja ndi kusintha kwa nyengo kudzera mu chisamaliro cha mayiko ndi ndondomeko zoyendetsera malamulo, kotero kuti nkhanizi zimawoneka ngati zokhudzana ndi zovuta osati zosiyana. Ndipo, tifunika kupereka ndalama mokhazikika ndikusunga maukonde owunikira asayansi ndikupanga nkhokwe zanthawi yayitali komanso yayitali.
Ocean acidification imafuna mabungwe aboma, achinsinsi, komanso osachita phindu onse mkati ndi kunja kwa nyanja kuti abwere palimodzi - ndikupititsa patsogolo mayankho omwe amasuntha singano.
Kuyambira m'chaka cha 2003, takhala tikulimbikitsa luso komanso kupanga mayanjano abwino, kuthandiza asayansi, opanga mfundo, ndi madera padziko lonse lapansi. Ntchitoyi yayendetsedwa ndi njira zitatu:
- Yang'anirani ndi Kusanthula: Kupanga Sayansi
- Muzichita: Kulimbikitsa ndi Kukulitsa Network yathu
- Chitani: Kupanga Ndondomeko
Yang'anirani ndi Kusanthula: Kumanga Sayansi
Kuwona momwe, komwe, komanso momwe kusintha kukuchitika mwachangu, komanso kuphunzira momwe zimachitikira zam'madzi pazachilengedwe komanso madera a anthu.
Kuti tiyankhe pa kusintha kwa madzi a m’nyanja, tiyenera kudziwa zimene zikuchitika. Kuwunika kwasayansi ndi kafukufukuyu kuyenera kuchitika padziko lonse lapansi, m'madera onse am'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Kukonzekeretsa Asayansi
GOA-ON mu Bokosi
Sayansi ya acidization ya m'nyanja iyenera kukhala yothandiza, yotsika mtengo komanso yopezeka. Kuti tithandizire Global Ocean Acidification - Observing Network, tidamasulira zida zovuta za labu ndi zakumunda kukhala a makonda, zida zotsika mtengo - GOA-ON mu Bokosi - kusonkhanitsa miyeso yapamwamba ya acidification ya m'nyanja. Zida zimenezi, zomwe tatumiza padziko lonse kumadera akutali a m’mphepete mwa nyanja, zaperekedwa kwa asayansi m’mayiko 17 a ku Africa, zilumba za Pacific, ndi ku Latin America.
pCO2 ku Go
Tidagwirizana ndi Pulofesa Burke Hales kuti tipange sensor yotsika mtengo komanso yosunthika yotchedwa "pCO2 ku Go”. Sensa iyi imayesa kuchuluka kwa CO2 imasungunuka m'madzi a m'nyanja (pCO2) kuti ogwira ntchito kumalo opulumutsira nkhono adziwe zomwe nkhono zawo zikukumana nazo munthawi yeniyeni ndikuchitapo kanthu ngati pangafunike. Ku Alutiiq Pride Marine Institute, malo ofufuza zam'madzi ku Seward, Alaska, pCO2 to Go idayikidwa m'malo onse opulumutsira ndi kumunda - kukonzekera kufalikira kwa alimi omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha nkhono m'madera atsopano.
Pulogalamu ya Pier2Peer Mentorship
Timagwiranso ntchito limodzi ndi GOA-ON kuti tithandizire pulogalamu yaupangiri yasayansi, yotchedwa Pier2Peer, popereka ndalama kwa alangizi ndi alangizi apawiri - kuthandizira kupindula kowoneka bwino paukadaulo, mgwirizano, ndi chidziwitso. Pakali pano, oposa 25 awiriawiri apatsidwa maphunziro omwe amathandiza kugula zipangizo, maulendo osinthana ndi chidziwitso, ndi ndalama zothandizira zitsanzo.
Kuchepetsa Chiwopsezo
Chifukwa acidification ya m'nyanja ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo zotsatira zake zafika patali, zingakhale zovuta kumvetsetsa momwe zingakhudzire anthu am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kuyang'anira pafupi ndi nyanja komanso kuyesa kwachilengedwe kumatithandiza kuyankha mafunso ofunikira okhudza momwe zamoyo ndi zachilengedwe zingayendere. Koma, kuti timvetsetse zotsatira za madera a anthu, sayansi ya chikhalidwe ikufunika.
Mothandizidwa ndi NOAA, TOF ikupanga dongosolo lowunika kusatetezeka kwa acidity ya nyanja ku Puerto Rico, ndi anzawo ku University of Hawai'i ndi Puerto Rico Sea Grant. Kuwunika kumaphatikizapo kumvetsetsa sayansi yachilengedwe - zomwe kuwunika ndi kuyesa zomwe zingatiuze za tsogolo la Puerto Rico - komanso sayansi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kodi madera akuwona kale zosintha? Kodi akumva bwanji kuti ntchito zawo ndi madera awo zikukhudzidwa ndipo zidzakhudzidwa? Pochita kuunikaku, tinapanga chitsanzo chomwe chingathe kutsatiridwa m'madera ena opanda deta, ndipo tinalemba ntchito ophunzira am'deralo kuti atithandize kukhazikitsa kafukufuku wathu. Uwu ndiwuyeso woyamba wa NOAA Ocean Acidification Programme wothandizidwa ndi ndalama zachigawo kuti ukhale pachiwopsezo choyang'ana gawo la US ndipo ukhala chitsanzo chazoyeserera zam'tsogolo pomwe ukupereka chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza dera lomwe silikuyimiriridwe.
Yang'anani: Kulimbikitsa ndi Kukulitsa Network yathu
Kupanga mgwirizano ndi mgwirizano ndi okhudzidwa.
Kupatula kungochepetsa mtengo wowunika, timayesetsanso kukulitsa mphamvu za ofufuza kutsogolera mapologalamu owunikira omwe apangidwa kwanuko, kuwalumikiza ndi asing'anga ena, ndikuthandizira kusinthana kwa zida zaukadaulo ndi zida. Pofika mu Epulo 2023, taphunzitsa ofufuza oposa 150 ochokera m’mayiko oposa 25. Pamene akusonkhanitsa zambiri zokhudza dera la m'mphepete mwa nyanja, timawalumikiza kuzinthu zothandizira kuti zidziwitsozo zilowetsedwe muzinthu zambiri monga Cholinga cha Sustainable Development Goal 14.3.1 portal, yomwe imapanga deta ya acidification ya nyanja kuchokera padziko lonse lapansi.
Kupanga Mphamvu mu Ocean Acidification Monitoring ku Gulf of Guinea (BIOTTA)
Ocean acidization ndi nkhani yapadziko lonse lapansi yokhala ndi machitidwe am'deralo ndi zotsatira zake. Kugwirizana kwachigawo ndikofunikira pakumvetsetsa momwe acidization yam'madzi imakhudzira zachilengedwe ndi zamoyo komanso kukhazikitsa dongosolo lopambana lochepetsera ndikusintha. TOF ikuthandizira mgwirizano wachigawo ku Gulf of Guinea kudzera mu Project Building CapacIty in Ocean AcdificaTion MoniToring in the Gulf of GuineA (BIOTTA), yomwe imatsogoleredwa ndi Dr. Edem Mahu komanso yogwira ntchito ku Benin, Cameroon, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, ndi Nigeria. Mothandizana ndi maiko omwe akuimiridwa ndi aliyense wa mayiko omwe akuimiridwa ndi wogwirizira ophunzira pa Yunivesite ya Ghana, TOF yapereka njira yolumikizirana ndi omwe akukhudzidwa nawo, kuwunika kwazinthu, ndikuyang'anira madera ndi kupanga deta. TOF ikugwiranso ntchito kutumiza zida zowunikira kwa othandizana nawo a BIOTTA ndikugwirizanitsa payekha komanso maphunziro akutali.
Kuyika zilumba za Pacific ngati likulu la OA Research
TOF yapereka GOA-ON mu Box kits kumayiko osiyanasiyana kuzilumba za Pacific. Ndipo, mothandizana ndi National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, tidasankha ndikuthandizira malo atsopano ophunzitsira za acidity ya m'nyanja, Pacific Islands Ocean Acidification Center (PIOAC) ku Suva, Fiji. Uwu unali ntchito yogwirizana motsogozedwa ndi The Pacific Community (SPC), University of the South Pacific (USP), University of Otago, ndi New Zealand National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA). Pamalowa ndi malo osonkhanira anthu onse m'derali kuti alandire maphunziro a sayansi ya OA, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zowunika momwe zinthu zilili m'nyanja yamchere, kutolera zida zosinthira zida, ndikulandila malangizo okhudza kuwongolera / kutsimikizira komanso kukonza zida. Kuphatikiza pa kuthandiza kusonkhanitsa ukatswiri wa m'dera loperekedwa ndi ogwira ntchito ku carbonate chemistry, masensa, kasamalidwe ka data, ndi maukonde amdera, tikuyesetsanso kuwonetsetsa kuti PIOAC ndi malo apakati ophunzirira ndi GOA-ON awiri odzipereka mu ma Box kits ndikunyamula zida zosinthira kuti muchepetse nthawi ndi ndalama pakukonza zida zilizonse.
Ntchito: Kupanga Ndondomeko
Kukhazikitsa malamulo omwe amathandizira sayansi, kuchepetsa acidity yam'nyanja, komanso kuthandiza madera kuti asinthe.
Kuchepetsa kwenikweni ndi kusintha kwa nyanja yosinthika kumafuna ndondomeko. Ntchito zowunikira komanso kafukufuku zimafuna kuti ndalama za dziko zipitirire. Njira zenizeni zochepetsera ndikusintha ziyenera kulumikizidwa pamiyeso yakumalo, zigawo, ndi dziko. Ngakhale nyanja sadziwa malire, machitidwe azamalamulo amasiyana kwambiri, chifukwa chake njira zothetsera zimayenera kupangidwa.
Pachigawo chachigawo, tikugwirizanitsa ndi maboma a Caribbean omwe ali Maphwando a Msonkhano wa Cartagena ndipo tathandizira kupanga polojekiti ndi ndondomeko zogwirira ntchito ku Western Indian Ocean.
Padziko lonse, pogwiritsa ntchito bukhu lathu lowongolera zamalamulo, taphunzitsa aphungu ku Mexico za kufunikira kwa acidity ya m'nyanja ndikupitiriza kupereka uphungu pazokambirana za ndondomeko zomwe zikuchitika m'dziko lomwe lili ndi nyama zakutchire zam'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyanja ndi malo okhala. Tachita mgwirizano ndi Boma la Peru kuti tithandizire kupititsa patsogolo zochitika zapadziko lonse lapansi kuti timvetsetse ndikuyankha ku acidity ya m'nyanja.
Pamlingo wa subnational, tikugwira ntchito ndi aphungu pakupanga ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo atsopano kuti athandizire kukonzekera ndi kusintha kwa acidity ya nyanja.
Timathandiza kupanga sayansi, mfundo, ndi luso la akatswiri omwe akutsogolera njira zochepetsera acidity m'nyanja padziko lonse lapansi komanso m'mayiko awo.
Timapanga zida zothandiza komanso zothandizira zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito padziko lonse lapansi - kuphatikiza North America, Pacific Islands, Africa, Latin America, ndi Caribbean. Timachita izi kudzera:
Kulumikiza madera akumidzi ndi akatswiri a R&D kuti apange luso laukadaulo lotsika mtengo, lotseguka komanso lothandizira kusinthana kwa zida zamakono ndi zida.
Kukhala ndi maphunziro padziko lonse lapansi ndikupereka chithandizo chanthawi yayitali kudzera pazida, zotsalira, ndi upangiri wopitilira.
Kutsogolera pakulimbikitsa mfundo za acidity m'nyanja pamlingo wadziko lonse ndi maiko ang'onoang'ono ndikuthandizira maboma kupeza zigamulo pamayiko ndi mayiko.
Kuwonetsa kubweza pazachuma chaukadaulo, chosavuta, komanso chotsika mtengo chothana ndi nkhono pothana ndi kusintha kwa nyengo zam'nyanja.
Ngakhale kuopsa kwa dziko lathu lapansili kuli pachiwopsezo chachikulu, pali mipata yayikulu pakumvetsetsa kwathu pang'onopang'ono sayansi ndi zotsatira za acidity ya m'nyanja. Njira yokhayo yoyimitsa ndikuyimitsa zonse za CO2 mpweya. Koma, ngati timvetsetsa zomwe zikuchitika m'madera, tikhoza kupanga kasamalidwe, kuchepetsa, ndi kusintha ndondomeko zomwe zimateteza madera ofunikira, zachilengedwe, ndi zamoyo.
Tsiku Logwira Ntchito la Ocean Acidification
FUNSANI
ZOTHANDIZA ZAMBIRI
Ocean Science Equity Initiative | Kumanga Kukwanitsa | Diplomacy ya Ocean Science
Kukonzekeretsa Asayansi ndi Madera | Magulu Ogwirizana: Chigawo chakumadzulo kwa Africa
ZOKHUDZA ZOKHUDZA ZINTHU ZOSAVUTA (SDGS)
