Pamene Titans Agunda: Mtengo Wobisika Wachilengedwe wa Masoka Otumiza

Introduction

Misewu yayikulu yabuluu yam'nyanja yathu yapadziko lonse lapansi imanyamula pafupifupi 90% yamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi, okhala ndi zombo zazikulu zomwe zimadutsa pamadzi apadziko lonse lapansi usana ndi usiku. Ngakhale kuti mayendedwe apanyanjawa ndi ofunikira pachuma chathu chapadziko lonse lapansi, akuyimiranso zoopsa zomwe zingawononge zachilengedwe zathu zam'nyanja zikachitika ngozi. Ku The Ocean Foundation, timayang'anitsitsa zochitika zapamadzi zomwe zikuwopseza madera apanyanja, kugwiritsa ntchito maphunziro ochokera ku masoka am'mbuyomu kuti tipewe masoka amtsogolo komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe zikachitika. Kugunda kwaposachedwa kwa nyanja ya North Sea kumapereka chikumbutso champhamvu cha momwe tikupita patsogolo komanso zovuta zomwe zidakalipo poteteza nyanja yathu ku masoka obwera chifukwa cha anthu.

Kuphunzira Zakale

Mwezi watha, zombo ziwiri zinali kuyaka ku North Sea kutsatira kugunda kwa sitima yonyamula katundu Tidzaonana ndi Stena Immaculate, sitima ya mafuta yomwe inanyamula migolo 220,000 ya mafuta a jeti oopsa kwambiri itagunda. Lipoti lomaliza linanena kuti anthu 36 ogwira ntchito m'sitima ziwirizo apulumutsidwa. N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti wotsalayo wataya moyo wake.

Kuphatikiza pa kuwononga koopsa kwa anthu, ngozi zapamadzi zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chowopsa cha zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimalowa m'malo osalimba a zamoyo zam'madzi. Mafuta a jeti amasanduka nthunzi pang'onopang'ono - tikukhulupirira kuti malipoti oyambilira akuti ena akuyaka ndi ena onse ali olondola. Zombo zonse ziwirizi zidanyamula mafuta ochulukirapo kuti aziyendetsa injini zawo. Mafuta a Bunker ndi mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa sitima zapamadzi. Mafutawa ndi okhuthala komanso owundana ndipo amawopseza zamoyo zam'madzi poyerekeza ndi mafuta oyeretsedwa kwambiri. Tinaphunzirapo phunziro pa ntchito yathu yoteteza sitima zapamadzi pambuyo pa ngozi ya galimoto Selendang Ayu mu Aleutians mu December 2004. Kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa mafuta aliwonse otayika kudzakhala kovuta, makamaka popeza Tidzaonana ikugwedezeka ndikufuka pa lipoti lomaliza.

Tikudziwanso kuti tsokali likanakhala loipa kwambiri tikadapanda kusintha machitidwe oyendetsa sitima zapadziko lonse pambuyo pa masoka am'mbuyomu ndi zombo zonyamula mafuta. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, matanki akuluakulu amafuta monga Stena Immaculate adapangidwa kuti achepetse chiwopsezo cha kutayika kwakukulu kwa katundu ndi kumira. Zombozo zimakhala ndi ziboliboli ziwiri, ndipo katunduyo amagawidwa pakati pa akasinja ang'onoang'ono angapo kuti achepetse chiopsezo ngakhale chimodzi kapena zingapo zitaphwanyidwa, monga momwe zinalili pa Immaculate pakugunda.

Nthawi zina, siliva akalowa wa masoka amenewa ndi bwino kukonzekera, ndipo ngakhale kupewa, lotsatira. Kuchokera ku ntchito yathu pa Selendang Ayu, pa tsoka la BP Deepwater Horizon, ndipo posachedwa pofufuza zoopsa zomwe zingawononge kuwonongeka kwa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yadziko Lonse, tikudziwa kuti kuyang'ana m'mbuyo kuyenera kuthandiza kukhazikitsa:

1. Kukhazikitsa bwino malamulo oyendetsera ntchito ndi kuwunika momwe zinthu zilili pamlatho wa zombo zonyamula katundu ndi akasinja onyamula katundu, komanso zomwe zikuphatikiza kusunga zombo mpaka kuperewera kwa radar ndi machitidwe ena kukonzedwa;
2. Njira zowonjezera zopewera kutaya moyo kulikonse pakusamutsa zombo, ngakhale zikuwoneka ngati liwiro lomwe ogwira nawo ntchito adasamukira kumalo otetezeka adapulumutsa miyoyo yawo;
3. Kuchulukirachulukira kochepetsera ndikuyeretsa pambuyo pa kugundana kotere pokhala ndi zida zokwanira m'malo otanganidwa ndi madera ena omwe ali ndi magalimoto ambiri komanso
4. Mwinanso chofunikira kwambiri pakuwunika ndikuwunika kwa North Sea kapena madzi aliwonse okhudzidwa:
   a. kuti athe kubweza zinyalala zilizonse
   b. kwa kukhalapo kwa zotsalira zamafuta ndi mafuta kutayika ndi
   c. zamoyo zam'madzi zosintha pakubereka, moyo wautali, komanso thanzi labwino

Maphunziro ochokera ku Deepwater Horizon

Maulendo othandizidwa ndi TOF okawunika zamoyo zam'madzi ku Gulf kutsatira tsoka la BP Deepwater Horizon adawoneka ngati kuyesetsa kwakukulu kuti amvetsetse zomwe zachitika posachedwa komanso zanthawi yayitali pachilengedwe cha Gulf of Mexico. Zomwe tidapeza zinali zomvetsa chisoni komanso zofikira patali. Zotsatira zazikulu za maulendowa ndi izi:

Kuwunika Kwambiri Kwambiri
Ofufuza ochokera ku Wise Laboratories adapanga maziko oyamba okhudzana ndi kuipitsidwa kwamafuta ku Gulf of Mexico. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

• Kutengera nsomba zopitilira 15,000
• Kutenga 2,500 sediment cores
• Poyamba adapeza zotupa zapakhungu ndi zolakwika zina mu nsomba pafupi ndi malo a Deepwater Horizon, omwe adatsika pakapita nthawi.

Zokhudza Kuchuluka kwa Nsomba

• Kafukufuku adawonetsa kuchepa kwa 50 mpaka 80% m'madzi akuya (mesopelagic) nsomba pafupi ndi malo ophulitsira.
• Mitundu yonse ya nsomba zomwe zidayesedwa zidavumbula kuipitsidwa kwamafuta pang'ono, popanda nsomba zowoneka bwino zopezeka m'dongosololi.
• Mafuta ochulukirapo adapezeka mu yellowfin tuna, golden tilefish, ndi drum yofiira.

Marine Oil Snow Sediment and Flocculent Accumulation (MOSSFA)

• Mafuta ophatikizidwa ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta planktonic adakhazikika m'madzi ndikuyika pansi panyanja.
• Kuwunjika kumeneku kunafikira 10 peresenti ya mafuta onse otulutsidwa.
• Zamoyo zokhala pafupi kapena pansi panyanja zimawonekeranso mosalekeza kumagulu amafuta.

Zotsatira Zakale za Ecosystem

• Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu kunawonedwa m'zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo oyster, nkhanu zabuluu, ma dolphin a bottlenose, red snapper, ndi Southern hake.
• Ma dolphin ndi zamoyo zina za m’madzi zinapitirizabe kufa mochulukirachulukira, ndipo ma dolphin akhanda amafa kuŵirikiza kasanu ndi chiŵerengero chachibadwa.
• Poizoni wochokera ku mafuta otayira adapezeka kuti amayambitsa kugunda kwamtima kosakhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtima ugwire ntchito mu tuna wa bluefin komanso nsomba zina zazikulu zolusa.
• Zomwe zapezazi zakhala zofunikira pakumvetsetsa kufalikira komanso kosatha kwa ngozi ya Deepwater Horizon pa Gulf of Mexico. Amadziwitsa zoyesayesa zopitiliza kukonzanso komanso njira zoyankhira mafuta m'tsogolomu.

Kuyang'anira

Kutengera mayunitsi, kutumiza kumakhalabe imodzi mwa njira zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyendetsera katundu padziko lonse lapansi. Pamene kayendedwe kake kakuchulukirachulukira, tikukhulupirira kuti ukadaulo komanso njira zolimbikitsira zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ngozi zomwe zimachitika panyanja komanso ngozi zina. Titha kuyesetsanso kuwonetsetsa kuti ngozi zikachitika, kuwonongeka kumachepetsedwa pokonzekera bwino, kuthekera koyankha, ndi njira zowunikira.

Kutsiliza

Kugundana kwa North Sea ndi chikumbutso cha tsoka la BP Deepwater Horizon amatikumbutsa kuti ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, nyanja yathu imakhalabe pachiwopsezo cha masoka achilengedwe adzidzidzi. Ku The Ocean Foundation, tadzipereka kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu komanso mayankho anthawi yayitali poteteza zachilengedwe zam'madzi ku ngozi za sitima zapamadzi ndi zotsatira zake.