Lamulo Latsopano la NOAA pa Kukumba Migodi Yozama Pansi pa Nyanja: Njira Yosavuta Yochepetsera Utsogoleri wa Nyanja

Pa Januware 21, 2026, a Bungwe la National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration lakhazikitsa lamulo zomwe zingasinthe kwambiri tsogolo la nyanja yathu yapadziko lonse—ndipo osati zabwino.

Mwa kuphatikiza ntchito zofufuza ndi migodi yamalonda kukhala njira imodzi yosavuta, bungweli lachepetsa nthawi yowunikira zachilengedwe ndi ndemanga za anthu ndi theka, kuchepetsa zopinga zomwe mafakitale amakumana nazo kuti apeze pansi pa nyanja kuti apeze migodi. Kampani ya Metals sinachedwe, nthawi yomweyo inapereka fomu yoti ifufuze malo okwana makilomita 65,000 a Clarion-Clipperton Zone ya Pacific—kuwirikiza kawiri pempho lake loyambirira m'chigwa cha phompho ichi chomwe chimadziwika kuti chimathandiza mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo.

Monga munthu amene wakhala akugwira ntchito pafupifupi zaka makumi anayi pa nkhani za kayendetsedwe ka nyanja padziko lonse lapansi, ndimaona kuti izi zimandivutitsa kwambiri m'mbali zosiyanasiyana. Njira zazifupi izi zimawopseza zamoyo zonse pansi pa nyanja komanso njira zomwe zimathandizira moyo padziko lapansi. Zimaika pachiwopsezo kuwonongedwa kwa cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha pansi pa madzi. Zimasokoneza njira zapadziko lonse lapansi ndikuyika chitsanzo chomwe chimaopseza mapangano ena omwe amateteza cholowa chathu chachilengedwe komanso ubwino wa anthu. Chifukwa migodi ya pansi pa nyanja nayonso siili ndi tanthauzo pazachuma, kuthamanga kumeneku kukuwoneka kofulumira kwambiri.

NKHAWA ZA CHILENGEDWE

Malo akuya a m'nyanja si omwe anthu olimbikitsa migodi ya m'chipululu angatikhulupirire. Ndi kwawo kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zosiyanasiyana, zambiri zomwe sizinapezekebe. Akatswiri anena kuti kusiyanasiyana kwa malo apansi pamadzi kumakhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe sizinasinthe kwa zaka mamiliyoni ambiri, zomwe zinalola mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo kukula ndikukula.

Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti zamoyo pansi pa nyanja zingatenge zaka zambiri kuti zibwererenso ku ntchito yofukula migodi—ngati zitabwererako. Njira yotulutsira madzi yomwe ikuperekedwa—makamaka kuchotsa utsi wa madzi m'madzi a m'nyanja—ingaphwanye zamoyo, kuwononga malo okhala pansi pa nyanja, ndikupanga madontho amadzi omwe amakhudza madzi onse. Popeza 80% ya pansi pa nyanja sinakonzedwebe, tilibe chidziwitso choyambira kuti timvetse zomwe tikuwononga. Monga momwe Dr. Beth Orcutt wa Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences akuchenjezera, “Pali mavuto ambiri ngati tilakwitsa.”

Nkhani Yokayikitsa Yokhudza Kufunika Kofunika Kwambiri (kapena Kufunika Konse)

Makampani opanga migodi amanena kuti mchere uwu ndi wofunikira kwambiri pamabatire amagetsi a magalimoto. Umboni ukunena zosiyana ndi izi pakugwiritsanso ntchito zinthu zina komanso kupanga zinthu mtsogolo.

Ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso mabatire ukupita patsogolo mofulumira ndipo watsimikizira kuti ndi wotchipa kuposa migodi yatsopano. Njira zoyendetsera chuma zimapereka njira zina zokhazikika. Kuyika ndalama pakubwezeretsanso, osati kuchotsa m'malo oyera, ndiye njira yoyenera yopitira patsogolo.

Zatsopano muukadaulo wa mabatire zachoka kwambiri pa cobalt ndi nickel. Mabatire a LFP—omwe sagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zakuya—akuyimira kale gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a msika wa EV padziko lonse lapansi. Tesla, BYD, Volkswagen, Rivian, ndi Ford akugwiritsa ntchito kale ukadaulo uwu. Ndipo Toyota yangolengeza kumene batire yogwira ntchito, yolimba yomwe imadalirabe mchere womwewo koma imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, kuthamanga kwa chaji, chitetezo, komanso imakulitsa kwambiri moyo wautali.

Pakati pa 2016 ndi 2023, kupanga kwa magetsi a EV kunakwera ndi 2,000%, pomwe mitengo ya cobalt inatsika ndi 10%. Opanga mabatire aku China, omwe amapanga mabatire ambiri padziko lonse lapansi, posachedwapa asiya kugwiritsa ntchito cobalt ndi nickel. Msikawu ukutiuza china chake chomwe omwe akuthamangira kuwononga pansi pa nyanja sakuchimva.

NKHAWA ZA MALAMULO NDI ZA MISONKHANO

United States si mbali ya Pangano la UN pa Lamulo la Nyanja, komanso si membala wa International Seabed Authority yomwe Panganoli lidapanga kuti liziyang'anira migodi ya pansi pa nyanja m'madzi apadziko lonse lapansi. Komabe, chifukwa panganoli likugwira ntchito, mayiko omwe si a chipanichi ayenera kutsatira lamuloli motsatira malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi. Mwa kupereka zilolezo m'madera omwe ali kunja kwa ulamuliro wa US omwe ISA yakhala ikupanga malamulo mosamala kudzera mu zokambirana za mayiko ambiri, US ingakhale pachiwopsezo chokhazikitsa chitsanzo chomwe chimanyalanyaza njira ndi mapangano amenewo, ndikulimbikitsa ena kuswa mapangano omwe cholinga chake ndi kupanga chitetezo chapadziko lonse lapansi kwa aliyense.

Mayiko makumi anayi—kuphatikizapo France, Germany, UK, Canada, New Zealand, ndi mayiko ambiri a Pacific Islands—apempha kuti pakhale kuletsa kapena kuyimitsa migodi m'nyanja yakuya. Ngakhale bungwe la ISA, lomwe ena amalitsutsa kuti ndi logwirizana kwambiri ndi mafakitale, lakhala losamala kwambiri kuposa njira yatsopanoyi ya ku America.

Pansi pa UNCLOS, mayiko ali ndi udindo wosazindikira ufulu wa mchere womwe umapezeka kunja kwa dongosolo lapadziko lonse lapansi. Tsogolo la makampaniwa ndi losavomerezeka mwalamulo: makontrakitala ambiri ndi omwe akuchita nawo unyolo wogulitsa ali m'maiko odzipereka kutsatira malamulo a ISA, osati ku US, komwe zilolezo zimadutsa malire awo.

CHOLINGA CHACHIKHALIDWE CHILI PACHIWOPEZEKO

Chomwe anthu ochepa amazindikira n'chakuti migodi ya pansi pa nyanja imaopsezanso cholowa cha chikhalidwe cha pansi pa madzi chosasinthika. Pansi pa nyanja pali zombo zapamadzi, malo ofukula zakale omwe ali pansi pa madzi, komanso—ku Atlantic—malo opumulirako otsiriza a omwe adamwalira panthawi ya Middle Passage. Kuzindikiritsa mchere pogwiritsa ntchito AI sikungathe kuzindikira malo ofunika kwambiri m'mbiri komanso chikhalidwe, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti cholowa ichi chikhoza kuwonongedwa chisanapezeke.

Atsogoleri achikhalidwe ochokera m'madera a zilumba za Pacific, kuphatikizapo American Samoa ndi Hawaii, akhala akutsutsa kwambiri bizinesiyi. Zikhalidwe zawo zili ndi nkhani zokhudzana ndi nyanja yakuya ndipo zakhala zikugwirizana ndi nyanja kwa zaka zikwi zambiri. Lamulo latsopanoli likuchotsa kuthekera koonetsetsa kuti chitetezo chikugwira ntchito bwino—osati cha zachilengedwe za m'nyanja zokha, komanso cha chikhalidwe chosaonekachi.

MALANGIZO OFIIRA A NDALAMA

Zaposachedwa za Ocean Foundation kusanthula adapeza kuti nkhani ya bizinesi yokhudza migodi ya pansi pa nyanja siili bwino. Kugwira ntchito m'malo opitilira kuya kwa Titanic, pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu, m'madzi a m'nyanja owononga, komanso kutentha kozizira, kumabweretsa mavuto akulu aukadaulo omwe sanathetsedwebe. Mapulojekiti awiri mwa atatu ofanana ndi awa a mafakitale akunyanja amatha kukhala ndi ndalama zokwana 50% kapena kuposerapo kuposa bajeti yawo yoyamba.
Mabungwe azachuma makumi atatu mphambu asanu ndi awiri apempha maboma kuti ayimitse migodi ya pansi pa nyanja mpaka mavuto azachilengedwe, chikhalidwe, ndi zachuma atamveka. Ngati mabanki akuluakulu ndi makampani a inshuwalansi akukayikira, zimenezo ziyenera kutipangitsa kuti tisiye ntchito.

NJIRA YABWINO YOPITA PATSOGOLO

Nyanja yakuya ndiye malo okhala zamoyo zambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi gawo la cholowa cha anthu onse. Njira zomwe zimachitika kudzera mu International Seabed Authority ndizolinga komanso zodzitetezera pazifukwa zomveka bwino: Kuzindikira padziko lonse lapansi kuti sitingathe kulakwitsa.

Nyanja yakuya ndiye malo okhala zamoyo zambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi gawo la cholowa cha anthu onse. Njira zomwe zimachitika kudzera mu International Seabed Authority ndizolinga komanso zodzitetezera pazifukwa zomveka bwino: Kuzindikira padziko lonse lapansi kuti sitingathe kulakwitsa.

Mfundo yodzitetezera ilipo pankhaniyi: pamene sitikumvetsa bwino zotsatira za zochita zomwe zingayambitse mavuto osatha, tiyenera kusamala—osati kusokoneza njira yopita ku chiwonongeko. Izi ndi zoona makamaka tikaganizira za ntchito zatsopano zamafakitale zomwe zimaika pachiwopsezo cholowa chathu chachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi komanso ntchito zothandizira moyo wa nyanja.

Lamuloli limachita zosiyana ndi zimenezi. Limachotsa chitetezo, limapewa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, ndipo limaika patsogolo zofuna za makampani omwe sanayesedwe bwino kuposa chitukuko cha ukadaulo ndi kumvetsetsa kwa sayansi.

Sitiyenera kusankha pakati pa kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa mayendedwe ndi kuteteza nyanja. Palibe chifukwa chofukulira zinthuzi—msika wasintha kuti ukwaniritse kufunikira kwa njira zina. Mabungwe omwe angakhale ndi chiopsezo chachikulu pazachuma m'dera latsopanoli—mabanki, makampani osungira ndalama, ndi makampani a inshuwaransi—alimbikitsa njira yodzitetezera.

Tili ndi nthawi yoti tichite bwino. Palibe chifukwa chothamangira kupanga mafakitale. Pali chifukwa chomveka choganizira za mavuto atsopano omwe ali panyanja yathu yapadziko lonse, 71% ya dziko lapansi lomwe zamoyo zonse zimadalira.