Hurricane Isaac uye Kukosha kweMadome eMahombekombe

naMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri weThe Ocean Foundation

Helen Wood Park muAlabama Kutevera Hurricane Isaac (8/30/2012)
 

Mumwaka wedutu rinopisa, zvinongoitika kuti nhaurirano pamusoro pekukuvadza kungangoitika munharaunda dzevanhu kudzore munhau, zviziviso zvepamutemo, uye nzvimbo dzekusangana munharaunda. Avo vedu vanoshanda mukuchengetedza gungwa tinofungawo pamusoro pekurasikirwa kwemidziyo yekuredza uye minda mitsva yemarara zvichitevera mafashamu emvura munzvimbo dzemahombekombe. Isu tinonetseka nekugezwa kwesediment, toxics, uye zvokuvakisa kubva panyika zvichipinda mugungwa, zvichipfutidza mibhedha yeoyster inobereka; huswa hwegungwa mafuro, uye nzvimbo dzine mvura. Isu tinofunga nezvekuti mvura yakawandisa inogona sei mafashama masisitimu ekuchenesa tsvina, zvichiunza njodzi dzehutano kuhove nevanhu zvakafanana. Isu tinotsvaga mameti etara, mafuta anotsvedza, uye zvimwe zvitsva zvinosvibisa zvinogona kugezera mumadhaka emahombekombe, pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa, uye munzvimbo dzedu.

Tinovimba kuti imwe dutu remhepo rinobatsira kuvhuvhuta mvura, richiunza oxygen kunzvimbo dziya dzatinodaidza kuti dzakafa. Tinovimba kuti zvivako zvenzanga dzomumhenderekedzo yegungwa—mapiji, migwagwa, zvivako, marori, nezvimwe zvose—zvicharamba zvakachinjika uye zvakachengeteka pamhenderekedzo. Uye isu tinosanganisa zvinyorwa zvenhau pamusoro pemhedzisiro yedutu pamvura yedu yemahombekombe uye mhuka nemiti dzinozviti semusha.

Zvichitevera Tropical Storm Hector neCyclone Ileana muLoreto, Mexico mwedzi wapera uye Hurricane Isaac kuCaribbean neGulf of Mexico, mvura zhinji yakakonzera mafashama makuru emasuweji. MuLoreto, vanhu vazhinji vakarwara nekudya chikafu chegungwa chine utachiona. MuMobile, Alabama, 800,000 marita etsvina akadirwa mumvura, zvichiita kuti vakuru venzvimbo vape yambiro yehutano kunharaunda dzakakanganisika. Vakuru vachiri kuongorora nzvimbo dzisina njodzi kune zvimwe zviratidzo zvekusvibisa, zvese zvinotarisirwa makemikari & petroleum kukanganisa. Sezvo Seafood News yakashuma svondo rino, "Pakupedzisira, bvunzo dzakasimbisa kuti Hurricane Isaac yakanyatso geza magirobhu emafuta eBP, akasara kubva pakuteuka kwa2010, kumahombekombe eAlabama neLouisiana. Vakuru vaifungidzira kuti izvi zvaizoitika nevashandi vagara vachishanda kuchenesa mafuta. Uyezve, nyanzvi dzakakurumidza kutaura kuti huwandu hwemafuta akafumurwa 'husiku nemasikati' zvichienzaniswa ne2010.

Ipapo kune mari yekuchenesa yaungasafunga nezvayo. Semuenzaniso, kuunganidzwa uye kuraswa kwematani ezvitunha zvemhuka. Mukumuka kweDutu guru Isaac rakadzokororwa nedutu rinoputika, inofungidzirwa 15,000 nutria yakashambwa pamahombekombe eHancock County, Mississippi. MuRuwa rweHarrison iri pedyo, vashandi vehurumende vakanga vabvisa zvinopfuura matani gumi nematanhatu emhuka, kusanganisira nutria, mumahombekombe ayo mumazuva ekutanga pashure pokunge Isaka aparadza mahombekombe. Mhuka dzakanyura-kusanganisira hove nezvimwe zvisikwa zvemugungwa-hazvina kujairika mushure mekunaya kukuru kwedutu kana kunaya kwemvura zhinji-kunyangwe mahombekombe eLake Pontchartrain akazara nezvitunha zvenutria, feral hogs, uye alligator, sekureva kwenhau. Zviripachena, zvitunha izvi zvinomiririra imwe mari kunharaunda dzinoshuvira kuvhurazve kushanya kwemahombekombe mushure medutu. Uye, panogona kunge paine avo vakaombera kurasikirwa kweiyo nutria-inoshamisa inobudirira mhuka inoparadza inobereka nyore uye kazhinji, uye inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru.

Semushumo kubva kuWildlife Services chirongwa cheUSDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service inoti¹, “Nutria, hombe semi-aquatic rodent, yakatanga kuunzwa kuUnited States muna 1889 nokuda kwemvere dzayo. Pakadhirika musika [iyo] muma1940, zviuru zvezvokudya zvakaburitswa musango nevarimi vakanga vasisakwanisi kuzvitenga…Nutria dzakawanda kwazvo muGulf Coast states, asi dzinokonzerawo matambudziko kune dzimwe nyika dziri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva uye pedyo neAtlantic. coast…nutria inoparadza mabhanga emakomba, madziva, nemimwe mitumbi yemvura. Chinonyanya kukosha, zvisinei, kukuvara zvachose kunogona kukonzera nutria kumachakwi uye mamwe manyoro.

Munzvimbo idzi, nutria inodya pamiti yekuzvarwa inobata ivhu remanyoro pamwechete. Kuparadzwa kwezvinomera izvi kunowedzera kurasikirwa nemachakwi ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa ayo akakuchidzirwa nokukwira kwemvura yegungwa.”
Saka, zvichida tinogona kudana kunyura kwezviuru zve nutria chidimbu chesirivha chemhando yemvura inoderera iyo yakaita basa rinokosha mukudzivirira Gulf uye inogona zvakare nerubatsiro. Kunyange sezvo vasonganiri vedu navabatsiri muGulf vakatambura namafashamo, kurasikirwa nemagetsi, uye dzimwe nhau pashure peHurricane Isaac, kwakanga kune mashoko akanakawo.

Basa rakakosha remanyoro rinozivikanwa pasi rose pasi peRamsar Convention, pamusoro peiyo aimbove TOF intern, Luke Mukuru achangobva kutumira paTOF blog. TOF inotsigira kuchengetedzwa kwematoro uye kudzoreredza munzvimbo dzakati wandei. Mumwe wavo ari muAlabama.

Vamwe vako vanogona kurangarira mishumo yapfuura nezve TOF-inogarwa 100-1000 coalition chirongwa muMobile Bay. Chinangwa chepurojekiti iyi ndechekumisazve 100 mamaira eoyster reef uye 1000 maeka emahombekombe egungwa kumahombekombe eMobile Bay. Kuedza panzvimbo yega yega kunotanga nekugadzwa kweoyster reef angori mayadhi mashoma kubva panyika pane murume akagadzirwa substrate. Sezvo sediment inovaka kuseri kwereef, huswa hwemuchadenga hunosimbisazve nzvimbo yahwo yenhoroondo, hunobatsira kusefa mvura, kudzikisira kukuvadzwa nedutu, uye kusefa mvura ichibva panyika ichipinda muBay. Nzvimbo dzakadai dzinoshanda sekireshi yakakosha yehove dzechidiki, shrimp uye zvimwe zvisikwa.

Yekutanga yemapurojekiti ekuzadzisa chinangwa che100-1000 yakaitika muHelen Woods Memorial Park, padyo nebhiriji reDauphin Island muMobile Bay. Kutanga pakanga pane zuva guru rokuchenesa apo ndakakumbanira vazvipiri vaishanda nesimba vakabva Mobile Baykeeper, Alabama Coastal Foundation, National Wildlife Federation, The Nature Conservancy nemamwe masangano mukukweva matai, marara, uye mamwe marara. Kudyara chaiko kwakaitika mwedzi mishoma gare gare apo mvura yakanga yadziya. Huswa hwepurojekiti hwakazadza zvakanaka. Zvinofadza kuona kuti kupindira kudiki kwemunhu (uye kuchenesa isu pachedu) kunogona kutsigira kudzoreredza kwechisikigo kwenzvimbo dzine madhaka.

Unogona kufungidzira kuti takamirira neshungu sei mishumo pamusoro pebasa racho pashure pemafashamo nedutu guru rakaparirwa neHurricane Isaac. Mashoko akaipa? Zvivakwa zvepakagadzirwa nemunhu zvinoda kugadziriswa kwakakomba. Mashoko akanaka? Nzvimbo itsva dzemadhaka dzakasimba uye dziri kuita basa radzo. Zvinonyaradza kuziva kuti kana chinangwa che100-1000 chaitwa, vanhu nedzimwe nharaunda dzeMobile Bay vachabatsirika kubva kunzvimbo itsva dzine matope—mumwaka wedutu uye gore rose.

1