A Guest Blog kubva kuShark Advocates

Shark Advocates International (SAI) iri kufara nekutanga gore redu rechipiri rakazara sechirongwa cheThe Ocean Foundation (TOF). Kutenda kuTOF, takagadzirira kukwidza kuedza kwedu kuchengetedza shark nemwaranzi muna 2012. 

Tiri kuvaka pamusoro pezvakawanda zvinopa mubairo zvatakaita muna 2011, zvinosanganisira kuchengetedzwa kwemanta ray pasi peConvention on Migratory Species, matanho ekutanga epasi rese ekuchengetedza Atlantic silky shark, chikamu chakaderedzwa kwazvo chepasi rose chevatambi muNorthwest Atlantic Ocean. , kuchengetedzwa kwenyika dzakawanda kweoceanic whitetip sharks muEastern Tropical Pacific, uye kudzivirira porbeagle shark muMediterranean.

Mwedzi iri kuuya zvakare inounza mizhinji mikana yekuvandudza mamiriro ekuchengetedza enjodzi shark nemwaranzi. SAI ichave yakatarisana nekubatana kwekuedza kudzivirira kubata hove, kutengeserana kusinga gadzirike, uye kupfuya zvipenyu kuburikidza neakasiyana siyana emuno, dunhu nepasi rose. 

Semuenzaniso, 2012 richava gore guru rekuchengetedza nyundo, pakati pevanonyanya kutyisidzirwa nehove dzinotama zvikuru. Ndiine chinangwa chekusimbisa US Atlantic hammerhead miganho, ndicharamba ndichipinda mumisangano yeNational Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Highly Migratory Species Advisory Panel uko sarudzo dzehurumende dzekuvaka patsva huwandu hwenyundo dzichagadziriswa mukati megore rino. SAI yakadaidza kuti hammerhead shark (yakapfava, yakapfava, uye yakakura) kuti ivedzerwe kumubatanidzwa runyorwa rwemhando dzakarambidzwa (zvinoreva kuti pfuma yakarambidzwa). Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuti nyundo dzinenge dzakasimba uye dzinofa nyore uye nekukasira kana dzabatwa, zvakakosha kuti mamwe matanho aongororwe uye aitwe kudzivirira kubatwa kwehammerhead, uye kuvandudza mikana yakabatwa nekuburitswa. sando dzinopona.

Hammerheads inoitawo vanhu vakanaka kuti vanyore pasi peConvention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) nekuti zvimbi zvezvipenyu izvi zvinokosheswa zvikuru uye zvinotengeswa pasi rose kuti zvishandiswe muchinyakare Chinese shark fin soup. IUS yakagadzira chisungo chekunyorwa kwehammerhead (yakanangana nekuvandudza kutsvakwa kwekutengeserana kwenyundo dzepasi rose) kumusangano weCITES wekupedzisira muna 2010, asi haina kuhwina 2/3 ruzhinji rwevhoti kubva kune dzimwe nyika dzinodiwa kuti dzigamuchirwe. SAI yanga ichishandira pamwe neProject AWARE Foundation kukurudzira hurumende yeUS kuti ienderere mberi nekuedza kurambidza kutengeswa kwehammerhead kuburikidza nechikumbiro chemusangano weCITES wa2013. SAI ichashandisa mikana yakasiyana-siyana iri kuuya yekupa pfungwa pamusoro pezvinokosheswa neUS kune zvikumbiro zveCITES, ichiratidza dambudziko rehammerheads nedzimwe mhando dzeshaki. Sarudzo dzekupedzisira pane zvikumbiro zveUS zveCITES zvinotarisirwa mukupera kwegore. Pamusoro pezvo, tichashanda nemapoka akasiyana-siyana epasi rose ekuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenyika kuti tikurudzire CITES kunyora zvikumbiro kubva kune dzimwe nyika kune dzimwe mhuka dziri kutyisidzirwa, dzinotengeswa zvakanyanya dzakadai sespiny dogfish uye porbeagle shark.

Gore rino richaunzawo hondo dzekupedzisira mukurwisana kwenguva refu kusimbisa European Union (EU) kurambidzwa kwe shark finning (kucheka zvimbi zve shark uye kurasa mutumbi mugungwa). Parizvino mutemo weEU finning regulation unobvumira vabati vehove vanobvumidzwa kubvisa zvimbi zveshark mugungwa vozvigadzika zvakasiyana kubva kumiviri yeshark. Aya maburi anokanganisa zvakanyanya kutevedzerwa kwekurambidzwa kweEU uye kuisa mwero wakashata kune dzimwe nyika. SAI iri kushanda pamwe chete nemubatanidzwa weShark Alliance kukurudzira makurukota ezvekubata hove eEU pamwe nenhengo dzeParamende yeEuropean kuti vabvume kurudziro yeEuropean Commission yekuti shark dzese dzimhare dziine zvimbi. Zvatovepo munzvimbo zhinji dzekuredza dzeUS neCentral America, ichi chinodiwa ndiyo chete nzira isina njodzi yekuona kuti shark hadzina kubhadharwa; inogona zvakare kutungamira kune ruzivo rwuri nani nezvemhando dze shark dzakatorwa (nekuti shark dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa kune mhando yemhando kana dzichine zvimbi zvavo). Ruzhinji rweEU Member States dzatorambidza kubviswa kweshark fin mugungwa, asi Spain nePortugal - nyika huru dzekuredza shark - dzine chokwadi chekuenderera mberi nekurwa kwakanaka kuchengetedza kunze. Mutemo we "zvimbi zvakabatanidzwa" muEU unovandudza mikana yekubudirira kwekuedza kweUS kusimbisa kurambidzwa kwepasi rose nenzira iyi uye nokudaro inogona kubatsira shark pasi rose.

Pedyo nekumba, SAI iri kuwedzera kunetseka uye kushanda nesimba maererano nekukura uye kusingadzorerwe kureve kwe "smooth dogfish" (kana kuti "smooth hound) sharks kubva kuMid-Atlantic states. Iyo yakatsetseka dogfish ndiyo yega US Atlantic shark mhando iyo iri kunangwa pasina miganho yekuredza. Kusiyana nemamwe mashark akawanda anoredzerwa munharaunda, yakatsetseka dogfish haisati yave nenyaya yekuongororwa kwehuwandu iyo yaizotarisa mazinga akachengeteka ekubata. Mamaneja ehurumende yeAtlantic akatsigira zvirongwa zvekurambidza kubata hove mushure mekunge indasitiri yekuredza yaramba. Mamiriro ekutanga emubatanidzwa ekuvharisa hove akarongwa kuti atange kushanda mwedzi uno, asi akamiswa nekuda kwechikamu chekunonoka kuita Mutemo weShark Conservation Act, uyo unosanganisira mutauro unogona kutungamira kune kusarudzika kwedogfish yakatsetseka. Zvichakadaro, kumhara kwehove dzakatsetseka dziri kuwedzera uye vabati vehove vari kuda kuti miganhu ipi neipi yeramangwana ikwidzwe kupfuura izvo zvakambobvumiranwa. SAI icharamba ichitaura zvinotinetsa kumamaneja ehurumende nemubatanidzwa nechinangwa chekurambidza kubata hove uku vanhu vachiongororwa.

Imwe iri panjodzi yeMid-Atlantic mhando yekunetsekana neSAI ndeye cownose ray. Iyi hama yepedyo ye shark inyaya yemushandirapamwe weindasitiri yezvekudya zvegungwa inozivikanwa se "Eat a Ray, Save the Bay" iyo inotora mari pamusoro pezvinopokana zvakanyanya zvesainzi zvekuti huwandu hweUS Atlantic cownose ray hwaputika uye hunoisa njodzi kumarudzi akakosha, akadai. se scallops uye oyster. Vatsigiri vehove vakagonesa vazhinji kuti kudya mhou (kana kuti "Chesapeake") mwaranzi haingori chiitiko chitsva chakasimba, asiwo ibasa rezvakatipoteredza. Kutaura zvazviri, mwaranzi yemombe inowanzobereka mwana mumwe chete pagore, zvichiita kuti ive nyore kubatwa zvakanyanya uye inonoke kupora kana yapera, uye hapana miganhu pakubata kwemwaranzi yemombe. Nepo vashandi vesainzi vachishanda kuramba chidzidzo chakakonzera kusanzwisisa kwakawanda pamusoro pemwaranzi yemombe, SAI yakatarisana nekudzidzisa vatengesi, mamaneja, uye veruzhinji nezvekusagadzikana kwemhuka uye kudiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekutungamira.

Chekupedzisira, SAI inobatanidzwa muzviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chinangwa chekudzidza uye kuderedza kungoerekana kwaitika (kana kuti “bycatch”) kweanonyanya kutambudzika shark nemwaranzi, senge sawfish, oceanic whitetips, uye manta rays. Ndiri kutora chikamu mumakomiti akati wandei nemapoka anoshanda anoshanda semikana mikuru yekukurukura nyaya dzinonetsa dzekubatwa nehove nevasainzi, mamaneja ehove, uye vanochengetedza kubva pasirese. Semuyenzaniso, ndinodada kuva nhengo itsva yeInternational Seafood Sustainability Foundation's Environmental Stakeholder Committee iyo yandinogona kukurudzira tsigiro yekuvandudzwa kwemitemo yekuredza hove yepasi rose yemasangano akasiyana siyana ekuredza hove etuna. Ndinoramba ndiri nhengo yenguva refu yeUS Smalltooth Sawfish Recovery Team iyo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ine chinangwa chekuenzanisa uye kuderedza kubatwa kwesawfish muUS shrimp fisheries. Gore rino, nhengo dzechikwata chesawfish dzichabatana nedzimwe nyanzvi dzeInternational Union for Conservation of Nature Shark Specialist Group kugadzira hurongwa hwepasi rose hwekuchengetedza masawfish.   

SAI inokoshesa mikana iyo hurumende yeUS inopa vanochengetedza mhuka nevamwe vane chekuita nekukurukura nekubatsira kugadzira mitemo yenyika nedzepasi rose dzeshaki nemaray. Ndinotarisira kuenderera mberi ndichishanda mumakomiti emazano eUS nenhumwa kumisangano ine chekuita nezvehove dzepasi rose. SAI inorongawo kuramba ichishanda pamwe chete nevanoshanda navo kubva kuProjekti AWARE Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society, Shark Trust, World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, Humane Society, Ocean Conservancy, uye TRAFFIC, pamwe chete nemasayendisiti kubva kuAmerican Elasmobranch Society neEuropean Elasmobranch. Kushamwaridzana. Tinoramba tichitenda zvikuru nerutsigiro rwerupo rwe "vabatsiri vedu" vanosanganisira Curtis naEdith Munson Foundation, Henry Foundation, Firedoll Foundation, uye Save Our Seas Foundation. Nerutsigiro urwu nerubatsiro kubva kuvanhu vakaita sewe, 2012 rinogona kuve gore rekuchengetedza mashaki nemwaranzi padyo newe uye pasi rese.

Sonja Fordham, Mutungamiri weSAI