Mushure meDutu: Chii Chinotevera?

NaMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri

Iyo Ocean Foundation Shanduro yeiyi blog yakatanga kuonekwa paNational Geographic's Ocean Views 

Imwe vhiki ichangopfuura, ndakatyaira kuchamhembe kubva kuWashington ndiine kutya. Rakanga riri zuva rakaisvonaka raOctober nguva yokupedzisira yandakaenda kuLong Beach, New York, mhiri kweStaten Island uye ndichipfuurira neRockaways. Ipapo, ndakafara kuona vamwe vedu munharaunda yeSufrider International vakanga vachiungana nokuda kwomusangano wavo wegore negore. Hotera yedu uye mugamuchiri ane nyasha, Allegria, akavhurika achipinda munzira uye takaona mazana evanhu vachimhanya, vachifamba-famba, uye vakatasva nemabhasikoro avo, vachinakidzwa negungwa.

Sezvo musangano wepasi rose wakapera, vamiriri vechitsauko cheEast Coast veSurfrider vanga vachiungana kumusangano wavo wepagore mukupera kwesvondo. Hazvina maturo kutaura, mahombekombe eNew York neNew Jersey akamiririrwa zvakanaka. Tese takanakidzwa nenguva yaipindirana yekuzivana uye kugovana zvinhu zvakajairika. Uye, sezvandakataura, mamiriro ekunze aive akanaka uye surf yakakwira.

Superstorm Sandy payakapinda nekuenda mavhiki maviri gare gare, akasiya mhenderekedzo yegungwa yakanga yakuvadzwa zvakanyanya uye akazunungusa vanhu zvakanyanya. Takatarisa tichitya sezvo mishumo yaipinda — imba yemutungamiri wechitsauko ichi yeSurfrider yakaparadzwa (pakati pevazhinji), imba yekutandarira yeAllegria yakazadzwa nemvura nejecha, uye nzira yekufamba yaidiwa yeLong Beach, sevamwe vakawanda, yakanga iri marara.

Nzira yose kuchamhembe parwendo rwangu rwenguva pfupi yapfuura, pakanga pane humbowo hwesimba remadutu, Sandy neavo vakatevera iyi nguva yechando—miti yakadonhedzwa, mitsetse yemabhegi epurasitiki akabatwa mumiti yakakwirira pamusoro penzira yomugwagwa, uye zviratidzo zvisingadzivisiki zvomurutivi rwomugwagwa zvinopa betsero. kuderedza mold, rewiring, inishuwarenzi, uye zvimwe zvinoda postdutu. Ndakanga ndiri munzira kuenda kumusangano waiitwa pamwe chete neThe Ocean Foundation uye Surfrider Foundation iyo yakatsvaga kuunza pamwe chete hurumende nedzimwe nyanzvi, vatungamiri vezvitsauko zvemunharaunda, nevashandi venyika yeSurfrider kuti vakurukure kuti zvitsauko zveSurfrider zvingashanda sei kutsigira kuedza kupora mushure medutu. iye zvino uye mune ramangwana nenzira dzinoremekedza mahombekombe uye nharaunda dzinotsamira kune hutano hwemahombekombe zviwanikwa zvemagariro avo, ehupfumi, uye nharaunda kugara zvakanaka. Vanhu vangangosvika gumi nevaviri vakazvipira mukupera kwesvondo kuti vatore chikamu mumusangano uyu vodzokera kunozivisa vamwe vavo vechitsauko.

Takaungana zvakare kuAllegria, takanzwa nyaya dzinotyisa uye nyaya dzekupora.

Uye takadzidza pamwe chete.

▪ Kusevha inzira huru muupenyu hwepakati pegungwa reAtlantic somune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshamisa dzakadai sekumaodzanyemba kweCalifornia kana Hawaii—irwo rutivi rweupfumi pamwe chete netsika.
▪ Kusevha kune nhoroondo refu munharaunda iyi—Mushambiri ane mukurumbira weOlympic uye piyona wekusevha Duke Kahanamoku achangobva muhotera iyi muna 1918 mukuratidzira kwemasurfi kwakarongwa neRed Cross sechikamu chechiitiko chekugamuchira kumba mauto kubva kuHondo Yenyika Yekutanga.
▪ Kuwedzera kwaSandy kwakasarudza vakundi nevakakundwa—mune dzimwe nzvimbo mhinganidzo dzedutu dzemusango dzakanga dzakasungwa uye mune dzimwe dzakakundikana.
▪ MuSandy, vamwe vanhu vakarasikirwa nedzimba dzavo, vakawanda vakarasikirwa nenhurikidzwa dzavo dzokutanga, uye misha yakawanda haisati yakachengeteka kuti vagare, inenge hafu yegore gare gare.
▪ Muno muLong Beach, murangariro wakasimba wokuti “hakusati kuchizotongova kwakafanana: Jecha, mhenderekedzo yegungwa, chinhu chiri chose chakasiana uye hachigoni kuvandudzwa sezvachakanga chiri.”
▪ Vamiriri vechitsauko cheJersey shore vakataura kuti “Takava nyanzvi mukudzura madziro akaoma, kudzura uriri, uye kugadzirisa chakuvhe.” Asi ikozvino mold yapfuura mwero wepasi wehunyanzvi.
▪ Pashure peSandy, mamwe mataundishipi akatora jecha mumigwagwa yawo, ndokuridzorera kumhenderekedzo yegungwa. Vamwe vakatora nguva yekuyedza jecha, kusefa marara kubva mujecha, uye, mune dzimwe nguva, tanga kugeza jecha nekuti yakawanda yaive yakasvibiswa netsvina, peturu nemamwe makemikari.
▪ Kusefa kweLong Beach kunoitwa zuva nezuva rori hombe dzichienda kune rimwe divi nejecha rakasviba uye kune rimwe divi kune jecha rakachena—ruzha rwaishandiswa senzwi rokunzwa kumusangano wedu.

Ndakashamisika kuziva kuti hapana hurumende kana sangano rakazvimiririra rakaburitsa rondedzero imwe chete yakazara pamusoro pemabatiro aSandy, zvese nekukasika uye kwenguva refu. Kunyange mukati mehurumende, kudzika kwemashoko pamusoro pezvirongwa zvekugadzirisa uye izvo zvinoda kugadziriswa zvinoratidzika sezvinobva pane zvekunzwa pane hurongwa hwakakwana, hwakabatanidzwa hunotarisa zvido zvevanhu. Boka redu diki revazvipiri vanobva kwakasiyana siyana kwehupenyu, kusanganisira yedu TOF Board of Advisors nhengo Hooper Brooks, yanga isiri kuzonyora hurongwa uhu mukupera kwesvondo, kunyangwe vachida sei.

Saka, nei takanga tirimo muLong Beach? Nekukurumidza kwedutu uye mhinduro iri shure kwavo, Surfrider Zvitsauko zviri kutsvaga kumutsiridza vazvipiri vavo vane shungu mukucheneswa kwemahombekombe, mushandirapamwe weRise Above Plastics, uyezve, vachipa ruzivo rweveruzhinji mumatanho anotevera mukupora kweSandy. Uye, taifanira kufunga kuti chii chatingadzidze kubva pane zvakaitika kwatiri naSandy?

Chinangwa chemusangano wedu chaive chekubatanidza hunyanzvi hwevaenzi vedu, The Ocean Foundation, nevashandi veSurfrider vanobva kuCalifornia neFlorida nehunyanzvi uye ruzivo rwevashandi veko uye vanozvipira kugadzira seti yemisimboti inobatsira kugadzirisa zvirongwa zveramangwana iyo NY/NJ pamhenderekedzo. Misimboti iyi ichavawo nehukoshi hukuru nekuumba mhinduro yeramangwana kune njodzi dzisingadzivisiki dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa.

Saka takapeta maoko edu tikashanda pamwechete sechikwata kugadzira iyi seti yemisimboti, ichiri mukusimudzira. Hwaro hwemisimboti iyi hwakanangana nekudiwa kweKudzoreredza, Kuvakazve, uye kufunga patsva.

Vakanga vakanangana nekugadzirisa zvimwe zvakakosha zvakagovaniswa: Zvinodiwa Zvinodiwa (kuchengetedzwa nekudzoreredzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemhoteredzo yegungwa); Cultural Needs (kugadzirisa kukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo dzenhoroondo uye kuvaka patsva kwezvivaraidzo zvakadai semabhodhi, mapaki, nzira, uye mahombekombe); uye Economic Repair (kubvuma kurasikirwa kwemari kubva kune hutano hwepanyama uye zvimwe zvekuvaraidza, kukuvadzwa kwekushanda kwemvura yemvura, uye kudiwa kwekuvaka patsva kwekuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekutengesa uye nzvimbo dzekugara kuti dzitsigire hupfumi hwemunharaunda).

Kana zvapedzwa, misimboti inozotarisawo matanho akasiyana ekubata nedutu guru uye kuti kufunga nezvawo iko zvino kunogona kutungamira zviito zvenguva iripo zvesimba remangwana:

Stage 1. Pona dutu-kutarisa, kugadzirira, uye kubuda (mazuva)

Stage 2.  Emergency Response (mazuva / vhiki)- pfungwa yacho ndeyekukurumidza kushanda kudzosera zvinhu kumashure sezvazvaive, kunyangwe painenge ichipesana nenhanho 3 ne4 mukufamba kwenguva-zvakakosha kusimudzira masisitimu kutsigira vanhu uye kuderedza kukuvadzwa (semuenzaniso tsvina yetsvina kana gasi. pombi inoputika)

Stage 3.  Kupora (mavhiki/mwedzi) - pano masevhisi ekutanga ari kudzoka kune zvakajairika pazvinogoneka, jecha nemarara zvakabviswa munzvimbo uye kuchenesa kunoenderera mberi, zvirongwa zvekugadzirisa zvivakwa zvakakura zviri kuitika, uye mabhizinesi nedzimba zvinogara zvakare.

Stage 4.  Resilience (mwedzi / makore): Apa ndipo paive nemusangano wakanangana nekupinza vatungamiri venharaunda nevamwe vanoita sarudzo mukuva nehurongwa hwekugadzirisa madutu epamusoro asingagadzirire Danho 1-3 chete, asi kufungawo nezvehutano hweramangwana renharaunda pamwe nekudzikira kwekusagadzikana.

▪ Kuvaka patsva kuti munhu akwanise kusimba - mutemo wazvino uno unoita kuti zviome kufunga nezvemadutu makuru emunguva yemberi pakuvaka patsva, uye zvakakosha kuti nharaunda dziyedze kufunga nezvezviito zvakaita sekusimudza zvivakwa, kugadzira patsva mabhafa echisikigo, nekuvaka migwagwa yekufamba nenzira dzisinganyanyi kunetseka.
▪ Kutama kuti tive nekusimba - tinofanira kubvuma kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo pangave pasina nzira yekuvakazve nesimba uye kuchengeteka mupfungwa-munzvimbo idzodzo, mutsara wepamberi wekukura kwevanhu ungafanira kuva zvivharo zvepanyama zvatinogadzira patsva, kuchengetedza nzanga dzevanhu dziri shure kwavo.

Hapana anofunga kuti zvichava nyore, uye, pashure pezuva rakazara, refu rebasa, gadziriro huru yakanga iripo. Matanho anotevera akaonekwa uye akapihwa mazuva akafanira. Vazvipiri vakapararira kwendege refu kuenda kumba kuDelaware, New Jersey, nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe. Uye ndakatarisa kumwe kukuvadzwa kuri pedyo uye kuedza kudzoreredza kubva kuSandy. Sezvakaitwa naKatrina nemamwe madutu emuna 2005 muGulf neFlorida, sezvakaita tsunami muna 2004 na2011, humbowo hwesimba guru regungwa richidirana panyika rinoita serakakura (ona Storm Surge Database).

Pandaiva muduku, dhamu rakafa kare kare pedyo netaundi rokumusha kwangu reCorcoran, California, rakatanga kuzara ndokutyisidzira kutaundi racho mafashamo. Mutero mukuru wakavakwa nevhu uchishandisa mota dzakapwanyika uye dzakashandiswa kukurumidza kugadzira chimiro chemutero. Mutero wakabata. Kuno muLong Beach, havana kuita izvozvo. Uye zvinogona kunge zvisina kushanda.

Kana madutu marefu ekumabvazuva kweguta kumucheto kweguta pedyo nenhoroondo yeLido Towers akakurirwa nekuvhiyiwa kwaSandy, jecha rinosvika mamita matatu rakasiiwa kuseri kwechikamu ichocho chenharaunda, kure kure kubva kumahombekombe. Uko mirwi isina kuparara, dzimba dziri shure kwayo dzakakuvadzwa zvishoma, kana dzakambovapo. Saka zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaita zvakanakisisa uye nzanga yevanhu inofanira kuita zvimwe chetezvo.

Sezvandaityaira kubva kumusangano, ndakayeuchidzwa kuti kune zvakawanda zvinofanira kuitwa, kwete muiri boka duku bedzi, asi pazviuru zvamakiromita mumhenderekedzo yegungwa inopoteredza gungwa renyika. Aya madutu makuru anosiya mucherechedzo wawo mumatunhu nemarudzi — ingave iri Katrina muGulf, kana Irene iyo yakafashamira nzvimbo zhinji yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUS muna 2011, kana Isaka wa2012 akaunza mafuta kubva muBP achidzokera kumahombekombe eGulf, machakwi. nenzvimbo dzokuraura, kana kuti, Superstorm Sandy, iyo yakabvisa zviuru zvevanhu kubva kuJamaica kuenda kuNew England. Munyika yose, ruzhinji rwevanhu vanogara mukati memakiromita makumi mashanu kubva kumahombekombe. Kugadzirira zviitiko zvikuru izvi kunofanira kubatanidzwa mukuronga kwenzvimbo, nharaunda, nyika, uye kunyange pasi rose. Tose zvedu tinogona uye tinofanira kutora rutivi.