CHOW 2013 Summary

Pazasi pakanyorwa zvipfupiso zveimwe neimwe yemapanera akaitwa panguva yeCHOW 2013 gore rino.
Yakanyorwa nevadzidzi vedu vezhizha: Caroline Coogan, Scot Hoke, Subin Nepal naPaula Senff

Pfupiso yeKero Yakakosha

Superstorm Sandy yakaratidza zvakajeka kukosha kwekusimba pamwe nekutsvaga. Mumutsara wayo wehurukuro dzepagore, National Marine Sanctuary Foundation inoda kutarisa nyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwegungwa nenzira yakafara inosanganisira vanobata uye nyanzvi kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Dr. Kathryn Sullivan akaratidza basa rinokosha iro CHOW inoita senzvimbo yekubatanidza unyanzvi, kushamwaridzana uye kubatana pamusoro penyaya. Gungwa rine basa guru panyika ino. Zviteshi zvakakosha pakutengeserana, 50% yeokisijeni yedu inogadzirwa mugungwa uye 2.6 bhiriyoni vanhu vanovimba nezviwanikwa zvayo zvekudya. Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yakawanda yekuchengetedza yakaiswa, matambudziko makuru, akadai senjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga, kuwedzera kwekufamba kwengarava munharaunda yeArctic, uye kuparara kwehove kunoramba kuripo. Zvisinei, nhanho yekuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa inoramba ichinonoka, iine 8% chete yenzvimbo muUS yakasarudzwa kuchengetedza uye kushaikwa kwemari yakakwana.

Mhedzisiro yeSandy yakaratidza kukosha kwekusimba kwenzvimbo dzemahombekombe kune zviitiko zvakanyanya kudaro zvemamiriro ekunze. Sezvo vanhu vakawanda vanotamira kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, kusimba kwavo kunova nyaya yokufanoona. Nhaurirano yesainzi yakakosha kuitira kuchengetedza ecosystems uye hungwaru hwezvakatipoteredza chinhu chakakosha chekuenzanisa, kuongorora nekutsvaga. Zviitiko zvemamiriro ekunze zvakanyanyisa zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvichaitika kakawanda, nepo kusiyana-siyana kwezvipenyu kuchiderera, uye kuredza hove, kusvibiswa, uye acidization yegungwa zvinowedzera imwe kumanikidza. Zvakakosha kuti ruzivo urwu rukurudzire chiito. Superstorm Sandy sechidzidzo chenyaya inoratidza kuti kuita uye kugadzirira kwakabudirira, asiwo pavakakundikana. Mienzaniso yakaparadzwa zviitiko muManhattan, izvo zvakavakwa zvine tarisiro yekusimudzira kwete kusimba. Resilience inofanira kunge iri yekudzidza kugadzirisa dambudziko nemazano pane kungorirwisa. Sandy akaratidzawo kushanda kwekuchengetedzwa kwemahombekombe, iyo inofanira kuva yakakosha pakudzorerwa. Kuti iwedzere kusimba, maitiro ayo emagariro anofanirwa kutariswa pamwe nekutyisidzira kunoitwa nemvura panguva yekunyanyisa kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuronga nenguva uye kwakaringana machati emugungwa chinhu chakakosha pakugadzirira shanduko dzinotarisana nemakungwa edu, senjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga kana kuwedzera kwemotokari muArctic. Uchenjeri hwezvakatipoteredza hwakave nezvakawanda zvakabudirira, sekufanotaura kwealgal bloom yeLake Erie uye No-Take zones muFlorida Keys zvakakonzera kudzoreredzwa kwemhando dzehove zhinji uye kuwedzera kubatwa kwekutengesa. Chimwe chishandiso ndeye mepu yeasidhi zvigamba kuWest Coast neNOAA. Nekuda kweiyo acidification yegungwa, indasitiri yehove munzvimbo iyi yakadzikira ne80%. Michina yemazuva ano inogona kushandiswa kubatsira senzira yekunyevera vabati vehove.

Kufanoona kwakakosha pakugadzirisa kwezvivakwa kune kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kuwedzera kwekugadzikana kwevanhu. Kuvandudzwa kwemamiriro ekunze uye ecosystem modhi inodiwa kugadzirisa zvinobudirira nyaya dzekusaenzana kuwanikwa kwedata uye kuchembera zvivakwa. Kusimba kwemahombekombe kune akawanda uye matambudziko ayo anofanirwa kugadziriswa kuburikidza nekubatanidzwa kwematarenda nekuedza.

Tiri panjodzi zvakadii? Nguva yeKuchinja Kwemahombekombe

MODERATOR: Austin Becker, Ph. D. Candidate, Stanford University, Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment and Resources PANEL: Kelly A. Burks-Copes, Research Ecologist, US Army Engineer Research and Development Center; Lindene Patton, Chief Climate Product Officer, Zurich Inishuwarenzi

Semina yekuvhura yeCHOW 2013 yakanangana nenyaya dzine chekuita nenjodzi dzinokonzerwa nekudziya kwepasi munharaunda dzemumahombekombe uye nzira dzekupedza nadzo. 0.6 kusvika ku2 metres yekukwira kwegungwa inofungidzirwa ne2100 pamwe nekuwedzera kusimba kwemadutu uye kunaya kwemahombekombe. Saizvozvo, kune kukwira kunotarisirwa kukwira kwekushisa kunosvika ku100 + madhigirii uye kuwedzera mafashamo panosvika gore 2100. Kunyange zvazvo veruzhinji vachinyanya kunetseka nezveramangwana, mhedzisiro yenguva refu inonyanya kukosha pakuronga zvivakwa, izvo zvinofanirwa kugadzirisa. mamiriro enguva yemberi kwete data razvino. US Army Engineer Research and Development Center ine yakanangana nemakungwa sezvo nharaunda dzemahombekombe dzine kukosha kwakakosha mukupona kwezuva nezuva. Mhenderekedzo dzegungwa dzinobata chero chinhu kubva pakuisa mauto kusvika kunzvimbo dzinochenesa oiri. Uye izvi zvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru kukuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Saka nekudaro, iyo USAERDC inotsvagurudza uye inoronga zvirongwa zvekuchengetedza gungwa. Parizvino, kukurumidza kukura kwevanhu uye kuderera kwezviwanikwa semugumisiro wakananga wekukura kwehuwandu ndizvo zvinonetsa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzemahombekombe. Nepo, kufambira mberi mune tekinoroji kwakabatsira chaizvo USAERDC kurodza nzira dzekutsvagisa uye kuuya nemhinduro dzekugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji (Becker).

Kana tichifunga nezvemafungiro eindasitiri yeinishuwarenzi, gaka rakakosha rekusimba mukutarisana nekuwedzera kwenjodzi dzepamhenderekedzo yegungwa ndeyekunetsekana kukuru. Iyo sisitimu yemainishuwarenzi inovandudzwa gore rega haina kunangana nekupindura kune zvinofungidzirwa mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kushaikwa kwemari yekudzoreredza njodzi yemubatanidzwa kunofananidzwa ne75-year social security gap uye federal njodzi kubhadhara kwave kuwedzera. Nekufamba kwenguva, makambani akazvimirira anogona kunge akanyanya kushanda pakupa mari yeinishuwarenzi yeruzhinji sezvo vachitarisa pamitengo yakavakirwa panjodzi. Zvivakwa zvakasvibirira, zvidziviriro zvechisikigo kubva kunjodzi, zvine mukana wakakura uye zviri kuwedzera kunakidza kune inishuwarenzi chikamu (Burks-Copes). Sechinyorwa chemunhu, Burks-Copes akapedzisa kutaura kwake nekukurudzira indasitiri nenyanzvi dzezvakatipoteredza kuti vadyare mari muinjiniya inogona kubatsira kubata pamwe nekudzikisira njodzi dzinokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwete kumutsa matare.

Chidzidzo chekubatana cheDhipatimendi reDziviriro, Dhipatimendi reMagetsi uye Mauto Corps eInjiniya yakagadzira modhi yekuongorora kugadzirira kwezvigadziko uye zvivakwa kune zvakanyanya mamiriro ekunze. Yakagadzirirwa yeNorfolk Naval Station paChesapeake Bay, mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kugadzirwa kuti agadzirise mhedzisiro yehukuru hwakasiyana hwemadutu, kureba kwemafungu uye kusimuka kwegungwa. Iyo modhi inoratidza mhedzisiro pazvivakwa zvakagadziridzwa pamwe nenharaunda yakasikwa, semafashama uye kupindira kwemvura yemunyu muaquifer. The pilot case study yakaratidza kushaikwa kunotyisa kwekugadzirira kunyange munyaya yemafashamo egore rimwe uye kukwira kuduku kwegungwa. Ichangobva kuvakwa kaviri - decker pier yakaratidza kusakodzera kune ramangwana. Iyo modhi inobata mukana wekusimudzira kufunga kwakasimba nezve kugadzirira kwekukurumidzira uye kuona mapoinzi enjodzi. Data rakavandudzwa pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze rinodiwa kuti rive nani modhi (Patton).

The New Normal: Kuchinjira kune Coastal Risks

SUMO: J. Garcia

Nyaya dzemhoteredzo dzemhoteredzo dzakakosha zvikuru muFlorida Keys uye Joint Climate Action Plan ine chinangwa chekugadzirisa izvi kuburikidza nemusanganiswa wedzidzo, kuparidzira uye mutemo. Pakave pasina mhinduro yakasimba neCongress uye vavhoti vanofanirwa kuisa kumanikidza kune vakasarudzwa kuti vakurudzire shanduko. Kwave kuwedzera ruzivo rwezvakatipoteredza kune vane chekuita navo vanovimba nezviwanikwa zvemugungwa, sevabati vehove.

MODERATOR: Alessandra Score, Lead Scientist, EcoAdapt PANEL: Michael Cohen, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiriri weHurumende Nyaya, Renaissance Re Jessica Grannis, Staff Attorney, Georgetown Climate Center Michael Marrella, Director, Waterfront uye Open Space Planning Division, Dhipatimendi reKuronga Guta John D. Schelling, Earthquake/Tsunami/Volcano Programs Manager, Washington Military Department, Emergency Management Division David Waggonner, Mutungamiriri, Waggonner & Ball Architects.

Kana kujairana nenjodzi dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa kuomerwa kufanotaura shanduko yeramangwana uye kunyanya kusava nechokwadi nezverudzi uye kuomarara kwekuchinja uku kunoonekwa neruzhinji imhinganidzo. Kugadziriswa kunosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana dzakadai sekudzorera, kuchengetedzwa kwemahombekombe, kushanda kwemvura uye kugadzwa kwenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Zvakadaro, zvinotariswa pari zvino ndezvekuongororwa kwemhedzisiro, pane kuitiswa kwezvirongwa kana kuongororwa kwekubudirira kwavo. Ko kutarisa kungafambiswa sei kubva pakuronga kuenda kuchiito (Chibodzwa)?

Makambani einishuwarenzi (inishuwarenzi yemakambani einishuwarenzi) ane njodzi huru ine chekuita nenjodzi uye anoedza kusiyanisa njodzi iyi nenzvimbo. Nekudaro, makambani einishuwarenzi nevanhu vepasirese anowanzo kunetsa nekuda kwekusiyana kwemitemo netsika. Iyo indasitiri nekudaro inofarira kutsvagisa nzira dzekudzikisa munzvimbo dzakadzorwa pamwe nekubva kuzvidzidzo zvepasirese. New Jersey majecha ejecha, semuenzaniso, akadzikisa zvakanyanya kukuvadzwa kwakakonzerwa nedutu reSandy pane zviri padyo nezviitiko (Cohen).

Hurumende dzematunhu nedzenzvimbo dzinoda kugadzira mitemo yekugadziridza uye kuita kuti zviwanikwa neruzivo zviwanikwe kunharaunda pamusoro pemhedzisiro yekukwira kwegungwa nekupisa kwemaguta (Grannis). Guta reNew York rakagadzira hurongwa hwemakore gumi, Chiono chechi22, chekugadzirisa kukanganiswa kwemamiriro ekunze panzvimbo yaro yemvura (Morella). Nyaya dzekukurumidzira manejimendi, mhinduro uye kudzoreredza dzinofanirwa kugadziriswa zvese kwenguva refu uye pfupi-nguva (Shelling). Kunyange zvazvo US ichiita seine simba uye iine mukana, zvidzidzo zvinogona kudzidzwa kubva kuNetherlands, uko nyaya dzekukwira kwegungwa nemafashama dzinogadziriswa nenzira ine hunyanzvi uye yakazara, nekubatanidzwa kwemvura mukuronga kweguta. MuNew Orleans, mushure medutu reKatrina, kudzoreredzwa kwemahombekombe kwakava kutariswa kunyangwe rakanga ratove dambudziko kare. Nzira itsva ingave yekugadziriswa kwemukati kumvura yeNew Orleans maererano nematunhu masisitimu uye girini zvivakwa. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha inzira yekuchinja-chinja yekupfuudza pfungwa iyi kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera (Waggonner).

Mashoma maguta akanyatso ongorora kusagona kwavo kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze (Chikamu) uye mutemo hauna kuita kuti kugadzirisa kuve chinhu chakakosha (Grannis). Kugovaniswa kwezviwanikwa zvemubatanidzwa kwairi kwakakosha (Marrella).

Kuti utarise imwe nhanho yekusavimbika mukufungidzira uye mamodheru zvinofanirwa kunzwisiswa kuti hurongwa hwese hwese hahugoneki (Waggonner), asi izvi hazvifanirwe kudziviswa kutora matanho uye kuita nekuchenjerera (Grannis).

Nyaya yeinishuwarenzi yenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga inonyanya kuoma. Mari yekubhadhara mari inokurudzira kuchengetwa kwedzimba munzvimbo dzine njodzi; zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwepfuma kudzokororwa uye kudhura kwakanyanya. Kune rumwe rutivi, kunyanya nharaunda dzine mari shoma dzinoda kugariswa (Cohen). Imwe gangaidzo iri kukonzerwa nekugoverwa kwemari yerubatsiro kumidziyo inenge yaparara zvichikonzera kusimba kwedzimba munzvimbo dzine njodzi. Dzimba idzi dzinozove nemitengo yakaderera yeinishuwarenzi pane dzimba dziri munzvimbo dzisina njodzi (Marrella). Zvechokwadi, kugoverwa kwemari yekuyamura uye mubvunzo wekutamira kune imwe nzvimbo inova nyaya yehutano hwemagariro evanhu uye kurasikirwa kwetsika zvakare (Waggonner). Retreat zvakare inobata nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwemutemo kwepfuma (Grannis), mutengo unoshanda (Marrella) uye manzwiro emukati (Cohen).

Pakazere, kugadzirira kwekukurumidzira kwave nani zvakanyanya, asi kutsanangurwa kweruzivo rwevagadziri uye mainjiniya kunoda kuvandudzwa (Waggonner). Mikana yekuvandudza inopihwa kuburikidza nekutenderera kwechisikigo kwezvivakwa zvinoda kuvakwa patsva uye nekudaro kuchinjirwa (Marrella), pamwe nezvidzidzo zvehurumende, seThe Resilient Washington, izvo zvinopa kurudziro yekuvandudzwa kugadzirira (Schelling).

Mabhenefiti ekugadzirisa anogona kukanganisa nharaunda yese kunyangwe mapurojekiti ekusimbaradza (Marrella) uye anowanikwa nematanho madiki (Grannis). Matanho akakosha manzwi akabatana (Cohen), tsunami yambiro masisitimu (Schelling) uye dzidzo (Waggonner).

Tarisa paNharaunda dzeMhirizhonga: New Paradigms yeFederal Service

MODERATOR: Braxton Davis | Director, North Carolina Division ye Coastal Management PANEL: Deerin Babb-Brott | Mutungamiriri, National Ocean Council Jo-Ellen Darcy | Mutevedzeri Munyori weMauto (Civil Works) Sandy Eslinger | NOAA Coastal Services Center Wendi Weber | Dunhu Director, Northeast Dunhu, US Hove uye Wildlife Service

Seminari yekupedzisira yezuva rekutanga yakaratidza mabasa ehurumende yemubatanidzwa nemapapiro ayo akasiyana munzvimbo yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kunyanya kuchengetedza nekutungamira nharaunda yemahombekombe.

Masangano emubatanidzwa akatanga kuona kuti kune mhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze ari kuitika munzvimbo dzemahombekombe. Nokudaro, mari yekubatsira vanenge vawirwa nenjodzi yakawedzerawo saizvozvo. Congress nguva pfupi yadarika yakabvumidza mari yemadhora miriyoni makumi maviri yekudzidza mafashama maitiro eArmy Corps ayo anogona kutorwa seshoko rakanaka (Darcy). Zvakawanikwa zvekutsvaga zvinokatyamadza - tiri kuenda kune tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya, maitiro ekunze ane hutsinye uye kukwira kwegungwa kunozove netsoka, kwete masendimita; kunyanya mahombekombe eNew York neNew Jersey.

Federal Agencies iri kuyedzawo kushanda pamwe chete, nyika uye masangano asiri-purofiti kuti ashande pamapurojekiti ane chinangwa chekuwedzera kusimba kwegungwa. Izvi zvinopa nyika nevasiri-purofiti chiteshi simba ravo vachipa masangano emubatanidzwa kubatanidza kugona kwavo. Iyi nzira inogona kuuya inoshanda panguva dzenjodzi sedutu Sandy. Kunyangwe mubatanidzwa uripo pakati pemasangano uchifanirwa kuunza pamwe chete, pane chokwadi kushaikwa kwekubatana uye backlash pakati pemasangano pachavo (Eslinger).

Yakawanda yegevha yekutaurirana inoita kunge yakaitika nekuda kwekushaikwa kwedata kune mamwe masangano. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, NOC nemauto Corps vari kushanda kuti data ravo nenhamba zvive pachena kumunhu wese uye nekukurudzira masangano ese esainzi anoongorora nezvemakungwa kuti data ravo riwanikwe kune wese munhu. NOC inotenda kuti izvi zvinotungamira kubhengi reruzivo rwakasimba iro richabatsira kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvemugungwa, hove nenzvimbo dzemahombekombe kune chizvarwa chemangwana (Babb-Brott). Kuti ukure kusimba kwegungwa renharaunda yemahombekombe, kune basa rinoenderera mberi neDhipatimendi reInterior iro riri kutsvaga masangano - akavanzika kana eruzhinji kuti avabatsire kudyidzana pamwero wenzvimbo. Ipo, Mauto Corps anotomhanyisa dzidziso dzayo uye maekisesaizi munharaunda.

Pakazere, kuita uku kwakafanana nekushanduka-shanduka uye nguva yekudzidza inononoka. Zvisinei, pane kudzidza kuri kuitika. Sezvimwe chero imwe sangano guru, zvinotora nguva yakareba kuita shanduko mukuita uye maitiro (Weber).

Chizvarwa Chinotevera Chekubata Hove

MODERATOR: Michael Conathan, Mutungamiriri, Ocean Policy, Center for American Progress PANEL: Aaron Adams, Director of Operations, Bonefish & Tarpon Trust Bubba Cochran, Mutungamiri, Gulf yeMexico Reef Fish Shareholders Alliance Meghan Jeans, Mutungamiriri weFisheries uye Aquaculture Programs, The New England Aquarium Brad Pettinger, Executive Director, Oregon Trawl Commission Matt Tinning, Executive Director, Marine Fish Conservation Network.

Pachava nechizvarwa chinotevera chokuredza here? Kunyange hazvo pave nekubudirira kunoratidza kuti kuchave nekushandisika hove mune ramangwana, nyaya zhinji dzichiri (Conathan). Kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo yekugara pamwe nekushaikwa kweruzivo pamusoro pekuwanikwa kwekugara idambudziko ndiyo Florida Keys. Yakasimba sainzi hwaro uye yakanaka data inodiwa kune inoshanda ecosystem manejimendi. Vabati vehove vanofanirwa kubatanidzwa uye kudzidziswa nezve iyi data (Adams). Kuzvidavirira kwevabati vehove kunofanira kuvandudzwa. Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwetekinoroji senge makamera uye emagetsi logbooks, maitiro akasimba anogona kuve nechokwadi. Zero-kurasa hove dzakanaka sezvo dzichivandudza nzira dzekuredza uye dzinofanira kudiwa kubva mukutandara pamwe nevabati vehove vekutengesa. Chimwe chishandiso chinoshanda mukubata hove kweFlorida kwave kuri kubata-kugoverana (Cochrane). Kuredza hove kwekunakidzwa kunogona kuve nekukanganisa kwakasimba uye kunoda hutungamiri hwakavandudzwa. Kushandiswa kwekubata-uye-kusunungura hove, semuenzaniso, kunofanirwa kuenderana nemhando uye kuganhurirwa kunzvimbo, sezvo isingadzivirire hukuru hwehuwandu mune zvese zviitiko (Adams).

Kuwana ruzivo rwakanaka rwekuita sarudzo kwakakosha, asi tsvakiridzo inowanzoganhurwa kuburikidza nemari. Kukanganisa kwechiitiko cheMagnuson-Stevens kutsamira pahuwandu hwedata uye NOAA kubata quotas kuitira kuti ishande. Kuti indasitiri yehove ive neramangwana, inodawo chokwadi muhurongwa hwekutarisira (Pettinger).

Nyaya huru ndeye maitiro aripo eindastiri kupa kudiwa kwehuwandu uye kuumbwa kwechikafu chegungwa, pane kutungamirwa nekupihwa kwezviwanikwa uye kusiyanisa kupihwa. Misika inofanirwa kugadzirwa yemhando dzakasiyana dzinogona kurevedzwa zvine mutsindo (Jeans).

Kunyangwe kubata hove zvakanyanyisa kwave kuri kutungamira mukuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa muUS kwemakumi emakore, kufambira mberi kwakawanda mukutarisira uye kudzoreredza masheya kwaitwa, sezvakaratidzwa neNOAA's pagore Status of Fisheries Report. Zvisinei, izvi hazvisizvo mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, kunyanya munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Saka zvakakosha kuti iyo US 'yakabudirira modhi ishandiswe kunze kwenyika sezvo 91% yezvokudya zvegungwa muUS ichitengwa kunze kwenyika (Tinning). Mitemo, kuonekwa uye kumira kwegadziriro inofanirwa kuvandudzwa kuitira kuzivisa mutengi nezvekwakabva uye kunaka kwezvokudya zvegungwa. Kubatanidzwa uye kupihwa zviwanikwa nevatambi vakasiyana uye indasitiri, senge kuburikidza neFishery Improvement Project Fund, inobatsira kufambira mberi kwekuwedzera pachena (Jeans).

Indasitiri yehove yave kuwana mukurumbira nekuda kweiyo yakanaka media media (Cochrane). Maitiro akanaka ekutonga ane kudzoka kwakanyanya pakudyara (Tinning), uye indasitiri inofanirwa kuisa mari mukutsvagisa, nekuchengetedza, sezvazvino kuitwa ne3% yemari inowanikwa nevabati vehove muFlorida (Cochrane).

Aquaculture inobata mukana sechikafu chinoshanda, ichipa "social protein" pane yemhando yegungwa yezvokudya (Cochran). Izvo zvakadaro zvine chekuita nematambudziko eecosystem ekukohwewa kwehove dzeforoji sechikafu uye kuburitswa kwetsvina (Adams). Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunounza mamwe matambudziko egungwa acidification uye kuchinja kwemasheya. Nepo mamwe maindasitiri, akadai sehove dzehove, achitambura (Tinning), mamwe kumahombekombe ekuMadokero akabatsirwa nekubata zvakapetwa kaviri nekuda kwemvura inotonhora (Pettinger).

MaRegional Fisheries Management Councils ndiwo masangano anodzora anoshanda anosanganisira vanobatana vakasiyana uye anopa chikuva chekugovana ruzivo (Tinning, Jeans). Hurumende yemubatanidzwa yaisazoshanda, kunyanya padanho renzvimbo (Cochrane), asi mashandiro eKanzuru anogona kuvandudzwa. Chine chekuita nemaitiro ekuwedzera kukoshesa kwevaraidzo pamusoro pehove dzekutengesa muFlorida (Cochrane), asi mativi maviri aya ane makwikwi mashoma muPacific fisheries (Pettinger). Vabati vehove vanofanirwa kuita sevamiriri, vanofanirwa kumiririrwa zvakakwana uye nyaya dzavo dzinofanirwa kugadziriswa neMagnus-Stevens Act (Tinning). MaKanzuru anofanirwa kuseta zvibodzwa zvakajeka (Tinning) uye kuve nehunyanzvi kuitira kugadzirisa nyaya dzemangwana (Adams) uye kuve nechokwadi cheramangwana rehove dzeUS.

Kuderedza Ngozi kune Vanhu uye Chisikwa: Zvidzoreso kubva kuGulf yeMexico neArctic

NHUNGAMIDZO: The Honourable Mark Begich PANEL:Larry McKinney | Mutungamiriri, Harte Research Institute yeGulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University Corpus Christi Jeffrey W. Pfupi | Environmental Chemist, JWS Consulting, LLC

Seminari iyi yakapa ruzivo pamusoro pemamiriro egungwa ari kukurumidza kuchinja eGulf of Mexico neArctic uye yakakurukura nezvenzira dzingangove dzekugadzirisa matambudziko ari kuzokwira nekuda kwekudziya kwepasi mumatunhu maviri aya.

Gulf yeMexico ndeimwe yemidziyo mikuru kune nyika yese izvozvi. Zvinotora kushungurudzwa kwakawanda kubva munyika yese sezvo marara ese erudzi anoyerera achidzika kuGulf yeMexico. Inoita senzvimbo huru yekurasira nyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, inotsigira zvekuvaraidza pamwe nesainzi uye indasitiri yekutsvaga nekugadzira zvakare. Zvinopfuura makumi mashanu muzana ekuredza zvekunakidzwa muUnited States kunoitika muGulf yeMexico, mapuratifomu emafuta negesi anotsigira indasitiri yemabhiriyoni emadhora.

Nekudaro, chirongwa chakasimba hachiratidzike kunge chakaiswa muchiito chekushandisa Gulf yeMexico nehungwaru. Zvakakosha zvikuru kudzidza pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye mazinga egungwa muGulf yeMexico njodzi isati yaitika uye izvi zvinoda kuitwa kuburikidza nekudzidza nhoroondo pamwe nekufanotaura maitiro ekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye tembiricha munharaunda ino. Rimwe rematambudziko makuru izvozvi inyaya yekuti zvinenge zvese zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuita zviedzo mumakungwa kudzidza pamusoro chete. Pane kukosha kukuru kwekudzidza kwakadzama kweGulf yeMexico. Zvichakadaro, munhu wese munyika anofanirwa kuve nechekuita mukuita kuchengetedza Gulf yeMexico iri mhenyu. Iyi nzira inofanirwa kutarisisa kugadzira modhi inogona kushandiswa nezvizvarwa zvazvino pamwe nezviri kuuya. Iyi modhi inofanirwa kuratidza marudzi ese enjodzi mudunhu rino zvakajeka sezvo zvichizoita kuti zvive nyore kuziva nzira uye kupi kwekudyara. Pamusoro pezvese, pane kudiwa kwekukurumidza kwehurongwa hwekutarisa hunocherekedza Gulf yeMexico nemamiriro ayo echisikigo uye shanduko mairi. Izvi zvinozoita basa rakakosha mukugadzira sisitimu yakavakwa kunze kweruzivo nekutarisa uye kuita nemazvo nzira dzekudzorera (McKinney).

Arctic, kune rumwe rutivi, yakakosha zvakaenzana seGulf yeMexico. Mune dzimwe nzira, zvinonyanya kukosha kuti Gulf yeMexico. Arctic inopa mikana yakaita sehove, kutakura uye migodhi. Kunyanya nekuda kwekushaikwa kweaizi yakawanda yemwaka, kwakave nemikana yakawanda uye yakawanda yakavhurwa nguva pfupi yadarika. Kuredza kwemaindasitiri kuri kuwedzera, indasitiri yekutumira iri kuwana zviri nyore kutumira zvinhu kuEurope uye nzendo dzemafuta & gasi dzakawedzera zvakanyanya. Kudziya kwepasirese kune basa guru shure kwezvose izvi. Kubva muna 2018, zvinofanotaurwa kuti hakuzove nemwaka wechando zvachose muArctic. Kunyangwe izvi zvingavhura mikana, zvinouya nekutyisidzira kukuru zvakare. Izvi zvinozotungamira mukukuvadzwa kukuru kwenzvimbo dzinenge hove dzese dzeArctic nemhuka. Pakatove nezviitiko zvePolar bears kunyura sekushaikwa kweaizi mudunhu. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kwave nemirairo mitsva nemirau yakaunzwa kugadzirisa nekunyunguduka kweaizi muArctic. Zvisinei, mitemo iyi haichinji nokukurumidza mamiriro ekunze uye tembiricha. Kana arctic ikava isina aizi zvachose, zvinokonzeresa kuwedzera kukuru kwekushisa kwepasi, njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye kusagadzikana kwemamiriro ekunze. Pakupedzisira izvi zvinogona kutungamira mukutsakatika zvachose kwehupenyu hwemugungwa kubva panyika (Nguva pfupi).

Yakatarisana neNharaunda dzeMahombekombe: Mhinduro dzeNzvimbo kuMatambudziko epasi rose

Nhanganyaya: Cylvia Hayes, Mukadzi wekutanga weOregon Moderator: Brooke Smith, Vatauri veCOMPASS: Julia Roberson, Ocean Conservancy Briana Goldwin, Oregon Marine Debris Team Rebecca Goldburg, PhD, The Pew Charitable Trusts, Ocean Science Division John Weber, Northeast Regional Ocean Council Boze Hancock, The Nature Conservancy

Cylvia Hayes akazarura chikwata nekuratidza matambudziko matatu makuru anotarisana nenharaunda dzemahombekombe egungwa: 1) kubatanidzwa kwemakungwa, kubatanidza vagari vemo pasi rose; 2) acidification yegungwa uye "canary mumugodhi wemarasha" inova Pacific Northwest; uye 3) kukosha kwekushandura hupfumi hwedu hwazvino kuti titarise kudzoreredza, kwete kudzoreredza, kuchengetedza nekutarisa zviwanikwa zvedu uye kunyatsoverenga kukosha kweecosystem masevhisi. Moderator Brooke Smith akatsinhira madingindira aya achitsanangurawo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze se "padivi" mune mamwe mapaneru zvisinei nemhedzisiro inonzwika pazvikero zvemuno pamwe nemhedzisiro yevatengi vedu, nzanga yepurasitiki munharaunda dzemahombekombe. Amai Smith vakaisa nhaurirano pamusoro pezvinoedza kuitwa munharaunda kuwedzera kune zvinokonzeresa pasi rose pamwe nekudiwa kwekubatana kwakawanda mumatunhu, hurumende, masangano asiri ehurumende, uye masangano akazvimirira.

Julia Roberson akasimbisa kukosha kwemari kuitira kuti nhamburiko dzomunzvimbomo dzigone “kuwedzera.” Nharaunda dzemunharaunda dziri kuona mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwepasirese, saka nyika dziri kutora danho kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvavo nemararamiro. Kuti uenderere mberi nekuedza uku, mari inodiwa, uye nekudaro pane basa rekutsigira kwakavanzika kwekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji uye mhinduro kumatambudziko emunharaunda. Vachipindura mubvunzo wokupedzisira waitaura nezvokunzwa kuremerwa uye kuti nhamburiko dzomunhu amene hadzina basa, Mai Roberson vakasimbisa ukoshi hwokuva rutivi rwenzanga yakafara uye kunyaradzwa mukunzwa kubatanidzwa uye kuita zvose zvaunogona kuita.

Briana Goodwin chikamu chechirongwa chemarara emugungwa, uye akanangana hurukuro yake pakubatana kwenharaunda dzemunharaunda kuburikidza nemakungwa. Marine tsvina inobatanidza nyika kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, asi mutoro wekuchenesa uye migumisiro yakakomba inongoonekwa chete nenharaunda dzegungwa. Amai Goodwin vakasimbisa hukama hutsva huri kugadzirwa mhiri kwePacific Ocean, kusvika kuhurumende yeJapan neNGOs kuti vatarise uye vaderedze marara emugungwa kumhara kuWest Coast. Pavakabvunzwa nezve manejimendi enzvimbo, kana nyaya, Mai Goodwin vakasimbisa manejimendi enzvimbo akaenderana nezvinodiwa munharaunda uye mhinduro dzemusha. Kuedza kwakadai kunoda mari kubva kumabhizinesi nevemasangano akazvimiririra kuti vatsigire uye varonge vazvipiri veko.

Dr. Rebecca Goldburg vakaisa pfungwa pamusoro pekuti "kuoma" kwehove kuri kuchinja sei nekuda kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, nehove dzinofamba dzichienda mberi uye hove itsva dziri kushandiswa. Dr. Goldburg vanotaura nzira nhatu dzekurwisa mashifiti aya, kusanganisira:
1. Kutarisa pakuderedza kusachinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuti uchengetedze nzvimbo dzekugara dzakasimba,
2. Kuisa nzira dzekutarisira hove itsva dzisati dzabatwa, uye
3. Kuchinjira kuecosystem based hove management (EBFM) sesainzi yemhando imwe chete yehove iri kuparara.

Dr. Goldburg vakataura maonero avo ekuti kugadzirisa haisi nzira ye "band-aid" chete: kuti uvandudze kusimba kwekugara unofanira kuenderana nemamiriro matsva uye kuchinja kwenzvimbo.

John Weber akaronga kutora kwake chikamu kune chikonzero uye hukama hwehukama pakati penyaya dzepasi rose nemhedzisiro yenzvimbo. Nepo mahombekombe, nharaunda dzemunharaunda dziri kubata nemhedzisiro, hapana zvakawanda zviri kuitwa nezve ma causal maitiro. Akasimbisa kuti zvisikwa “hazvinei nemiganhu yedu yakareruka”, saka tinofanira kushanda takabatana pane zviri zviviri zvikonzero zvepasi rose nemhedzisiro yenzvimbo. VaWeber vakatsanangurawo kuti nharaunda dzemunharaunda hadzifanirwe kumirira kubatanidzwa kwemubatanidzwa mudambudziko renzvimbo, uye mhinduro dzinogona kuuya kubva kune vemunharaunda co-ops yevanobatanidzwa. Chinokosha chekubudirira, kuna Mr. Weber, ndechokuisa pfungwa pane dambudziko rinogona kugadziriswa mukati menguva inonzwisisika uye rinobudisa mhedzisiro yekrete pane panzvimbo- kana nyaya-based management. Kukwanisa kuyera basa iri uye chigadzirwa chekuedza kwakadaro ndechimwe chinhu chakakosha.

Boze Hancock akatsanangura mabasa chaiwo ehurumende yemubatanidzwa kukurudzira uye kutungamira kuedza kwenharaunda yenzvimbo, avo vanofanirwa kubatanidza kufarira kwenzvimbo uye shungu mukugonesa shanduko. Kubatanidza kufarira kwakadaro kunogona kukonzera shanduko yepasi rose uye shanduko yeparadigm. Kutarisisa nekuyera awa yega yega kana dhora rinoshandiswa pakubata pekugara kuchabatsira kuderedza kurongeka uye kukurudzira kutora chikamu kuburikidza nekuburitsa zvinobatika, quantifiable mhedzisiro uye metrics. Dambudziko guru rekutonga kwemakungwa kurasikirwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara uye mabasa adzo mukati meecosystem uye masevhisi kunharaunda dzenzvimbo.

Kusimudzira Kukura Kwehupfumi: Kusikwa Kwebasa, Kushanya Kwemahombekombe, uye Varaidzo yeOcean

Nhanganyaya: Anoremekedzwa Sam Farr Moderator: Isabel Hill, US Department of Commerce, Office of Travel and Tourism Speakers: Jeff Gray, Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary Rick Nolan, Boston Harbour Cruises Mike McCartney, Hawaii Tourism Authority Tom Schmid, Texas State Aquarium Pat. Maher, American Hotel & Lodging Association

Vachisuma nhaurirano yedare, Congressman Sam Farr akatora data rakaisa "mhuka dzesango dzinotarisika" pamusoro pemitambo yese yenyika mukuita mari. Pfungwa iyi yakasimbisa dingindira rimwe renhaurirano: panofanira kunge paine nzira yekutaura mu "Wall Street mazwi" nezve kuchengetedzwa kwegungwa kuti uwane rutsigiro rweruzhinji. Mutengo wekushanya pamwe chete nemabhenefiti, sekusika mabasa, unofanirwa kuverengerwa. Izvi zvakatsigirwa nemutungamiri Isabel Hill, uyo akataura kuti kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kunowanzoonekwa sekupesana nebudiriro yehupfumi. Tourism uye kufamba, zvisinei, zvakapfuura zvinangwa zvakatsanangurwa muExecutive Order kugadzira hurongwa hwenyika hwekufamba; chikamu chehupfumi ichi chiri kutungamira mukupora, kudarika avhareji yekukura kwehupfumi kubva mukuderera kwehupfumi.

Vapaneli vakabva vakurukura kudiwa kwekuchinja maonero pamusoro pekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kuchinja kubva pakutenda kuti kudzivirira kunotadzisa kukura kwehupfumi kune maonero ekuti kuva ne "nzvimbo inokosha" inobatsira kune mararamiro. Achishandisa Thunder Bay National Sanctuary semuenzaniso, Jeff Grey akatsanangudza maitiro anogona kuchinja mukati memakore mashoma. Muna 1997, referendamu yekugadzira nzvimbo tsvene yakavhoterwa pasi ne70% yevavhoti muAlpina, MI, dhorobha reindasitiri yekuwedzera rakarohwa zvakanyanya nekuderera kwehupfumi. Pakazosvika 2000, nzvimbo tsvene yakabvumirwa; pakasvika 2005, veruzhinji havana kuvhota kwete chete kuchengetedza nzvimbo tsvene asiwo kuikudza neka9 pakukura kwepakutanga. Rick Nolan akatsanangura shanduko yebhizinesi remhuri yake kubva kuindasitiri yekubata hove kuenda kuwhale-kuona, uye nzira nyowani iyi yakawedzera kuziva uye nekudaro kufarira kuchengetedza "nzvimbo dzakakosha".

Kiyi yeshanduko iyi kutaurirana maererano naMike McCartney uye mamwe mapaneru. Vanhu vachada kuchengetedza nzvimbo yavo yakakosha kana vachinzwa kuti vari kubatanidzwa mukuita uye kuteererwa - kuvimba kunovakwa kuburikidza nemitsara iyi yekutaurirana kunosimbisa budiriro yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa. Chinowanikwa kubva mukubatana uku idzidzo uye ruzivo rwakakura rwezvakatipoteredza munharaunda.

Pamwe chete nekutaurirana kunouya kudiwa kwekuchengetedzwa nekuwana kuitira kuti vagari vazive kuti havasi kubviswa kubva kune yavo. Nenzira iyi iwe unogona kugadzirisa zvido zvehupfumi zvemunharaunda uye kuderedza kushushikana pamusoro pekuderera kwehupfumi nekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Nekubvumidza kupinda kumahombekombe akadzivirirwa, kana kubvumidza jet ski kurenda kune mamwe mazuva pane imwe nzvimbo inotakura, nzvimbo yakakosha yenzvimbo inogona kuchengetedzwa uye kushandiswa panguva imwe chete. Kutaura mu "Wall Street mazwi," mutero wehotera unogona kushandiswa pakuchenesa mahombekombe kana kushandiswa kupa mari yekutsvaga munzvimbo yakachengetedzwa. Zvakare, kugadzira mahotera nemabhizinesi kusvibira nekushomeka kwesimba uye kushandiswa kwemvura kunoderedza mutengo webhizinesi uye kuchengetedza sosi nekudzikisira kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvakataurwa nevapaneli, iwe unofanirwa kuisa mari mune yako sosi uye dziviriro yayo kuitira kuti uite bhizinesi - tarisa pakushambadzira, kwete pakushambadzira.

Kupedzisa nhaurirano, vanyori vakasimbisa kuti "sei" zvinhu - kunyatsobatanidzwa uye kuteerera kunharaunda mukugadzirisa nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa kuchaita kuti kubudirira. Tarisiro inofanirwa kunge iri pamufananidzo wakakura - kubatanidza vese vane chekuita uye kuunza munhu wese patafura kuti ave muridzi uye akazvipira kudambudziko rimwe chete. Chero bedzi munhu wese achimiririrwa uye mitemo inonzwika ichiiswa, kunyangwe budiriro - ingave yekushanya kana kutsvaga simba - inogona kuitika mukati mehurongwa hwakaenzana.

Bhuruu Nhau: Chii Chinofukidzwa, uye Nei

Nhanganyaya: Senator Carl Levin, Michigan

Moderator: Sunshine Menezes, PhD, Metcalf Institute, URI Graduate Chikoro cheOceanography Vatauri: Seth Borenstein, The Associated Press Curtis Brainard, Columbia Journalism Ongororo Kevin McCarey, Savannah College yeArt uye Dhizaini Mark Schleifstein, NOLA.com uye The Times-Picayune

Dambudziko rekutapa nhau dzezvakatipoteredza kushaikwa kwenyaya dzebudiriro dzakataurwa - vazhinji vaivepo paBlue News paCapitol Hill Oceans Week vakasimudza maoko avo kuti vabvumirane nekutaura kwakadaro. Senator Levin vakasuma nhaurirano nemashoko akati wandei: kuti kutapa nhau kwakanyanyisa kuipa; kuti kune nyaya dzebudiriro dzinofanira kutaurwa mukuchengetedza gungwa; uye kuti vanhu vanofanira kuudzwa nezvekubudirira uku kuti vanzwisise mari, nguva, uye basa zvinopedzerwa panyaya dzezvakatipoteredza hazvisi pasina. Aive zvirevo zvaizoshorwa kana senator angobuda muchivako.

Dambudziko rekutapa nhau dzezvakatipoteredza ndere chinhambwe - vanyori, vaimiririra nhepfenyuro dzakasiyana siyana, vanonetsekana nekuita kuti nyaya dzezvakatipoteredza dzishande kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Sokutaura kwakaita mutungamiriri Dr. Sunshine Menezes, vatapi venhau vanowanzoda kutaura nezvemakungwa enyika, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kana kuti acidification asi havatombokwanisi. Vapepeti uye kufarira kwevaverengi kunowanzoreva kuti sainzi haina kutaurwa nezvayo munhepfenyuro.

Kunyangwe kana vatapi venhau vachigona kugadzirisa hurongwa hwavo - maitiro ari kukura nekuuya kwemablogiki uye zvinyorwa zvepamhepo - vanyori vachiri kufanira kuita kuti nyaya huru dzive dzechokwadi uye dzinobatika kuhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kugadzira shanduko yemamiriro ekunze nemapolar bears kana acidification nekunyangarika kwecoral reef, maererano naSeth Borenstein naDr. Menezes, zvinotoita kuti chokwadi ichi chive kure kune vanhu vasingagari pedyo necoral reef uye vasingambodi kuona bheya. Nekushandisa megafauna inoshambidzika, vezvemamiriro ekunze vanogadzira chinhambwe pakati peMatambudziko Makuru nemunhu.

Kumwe kusawirirana kwakamuka panguva iyi, saKevin McCarey akasimbirira kuti nyaya idzi dzinoda rudzi rwe "Kutsvaga Nemo" uyo, pakudzoka kwake kuhombe, anoiwana yakakoromoka uye yakaderedzwa. Maturusi akadai anogona kubatanidza hupenyu hwevanhu pasi rose uye kubatsira avo vasati vakanganiswa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kana kuti munyanza kuti vaone kuti hupenyu hwavo hunganganiswe sei. Izvo zvakabvumiranwa nevese vedare inyaya yekuumba - panofanirwa kunge paine mubvunzo unopisa wekubvunza, asi kwete hazvo mhinduro - panofanirwa kuve nekupisa - nyaya ngaive "NEW" nhau.

Tichidzokera kumashoko ekuvhura aSeneta Levin, VaBorenstein vakasimbirira kuti nhau dzinofanira kubva pamudzi wezwi, "nyowani." Nekuda kweizvi, chero budiriro kubva kumutemo wapasiswa kana kushanda nzvimbo tsvene nekubatanidzwa kwenharaunda haisi "nhau." Iwe haugone kutaura nezve nyaya yebudiriro gore negore; nenzira imwecheteyo, iwewo haugone kutaura nezvenyaya hombe senge shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kana yegungwa acidization nekuti ivo vanotevera maitiro akafanana. Inhau dzenguva dzose dzekuipa dzisina kumbosiyana. Hapana chakachinja kubva pamaonero akadaro.

Basa revatapi venhau dzezvakatipoteredza, naizvozvo, nderekuzadza mapeji. Kuna Mark Schleifstein weNOLA.com neThe Times Picayune naCurtis Brainard veThe Columbia Journalism Review, vachitaura nezvematambudziko uye izvo zvisiri kuitwa muCongress kana munharaunda inzira iyo vanyori vezvemamiriro ekunze vanochengeta veruzhinji ruzivo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvakare chikonzero chekutapa nhau dzezvakatipoteredza kunoratidzika kunge kwakashata - avo vanonyora nezvenyaya dzezvakatipoteredza vari kutsvaga nyaya, izvo zvisiri kuitwa kana kuti zvingaitwe nani. Mukuenzanisa kwemavara, VaBorenstein vakabvunza kuti kangani vateereri vaizoverenga nyaya inotsanangura kuti 99% yendege dzinomhara zvakachengetedzeka panzvimbo yadzo chaiyo - pamwe kamwe chete, asi kwete kamwe chete pagore. Nyaya iri mune izvo zvinokanganisa.

Imwe nhaurirano yakatevera pamusoro pekusiyana kwezvinobudisa nhau - nhau dzemazuva ose vs. zvinyorwa kana mabhuku. Mr. McCarey naVaSchleifstein vakaratidza kuti vanotambura sei kubva kune humwe hurema hwakafanana vachishandisa mienzaniso chaiyo - vanhu vakawanda vanozodzvanya nyaya pamusoro pemadutu kupfuura mutemo wakabudirira kubva kuGomo sezvinongoita zvidimbu zvinonakidza zvezvisikwa pamusoro pemangwe zvinove zvakamonyoroka muKiller Katz show. yakanangana nevarume vane makore 18-24 okuberekwa. Sensationalism inoita seyakapararira. Zvakadaro mabhuku nezvinyorwa - kana zvikaitwa zvakanaka - zvinogona kuita fungidziro dzechigarire mundangariro dzemasangano uye patsika pane zvenhau, sekureva kwaVaBrainard. Zvakakosha, bhaisikopo kana bhuku rinofanirwa kupindura mibvunzo inopisa inobvunzwa apo nhau dzemazuva ese dzinogona kusiya mibvunzo iyi yakavhurika. Izvi zvinotengeswa zvinotora nguva yakareba, zvinodhura, uye dzimwe nguva zvisinganakidze kupfuura kuverenga kupfupi nezvenjodzi yazvino.

Marudzi ese ari maviri ezvenhau, zvisinei, anofanirwa kuwana nzira yekutaurirana sainzi kune akasarudzika. Iri rinogona kuva basa rakaoma zvikuru. Nyaya huru dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa nemavara madiki - munhu anogona kutora pfungwa uye kuramba achinzwisisa. Dambudziko rakajairwa pakati pevanyori, rinozivikanwa nekuseka uye kudonha kwemeso, riri kubva kubvunzurudzo nemusayendisiti uye achibvunza kuti "chii chaakataura?" Pane makakatanwa aripo pakati pesainzi nehutori venhau, zvakatsanangurwa naVaMcCarey. Zvinyorwa uye nhau dzenhau dzinoda zvirevo zvipfupi, zvine hushingi. Vesainzi, zvisinei, vanoshandisa iyo nzira yekudzivirira mukudyidzana kwavo. Vakataura zvisizvo kana kuti vakanyanya kusimbisa nezvepfungwa, vesainzi vanogona kuvatsemura; kana kuti mukwikwidzi anogona kubaya zano. Makwikwi aya akaonekwa nevamiriri anoganhura kuti musayendisiti anogona kufadza uye kuzivika sei.

Imwe kupesana kwakajeka ndiko kupisa kunodiwa munhau uye chinangwa - kuverenga, "kuoma," - kwesayenzi. Panhau “ZVITSVA”, panofanira kuva nekunetsana; kuSainzi, panofanira kuva nekududzira zvine musoro kwechokwadi. Asi kunyange mukati mokukonana uku mune zvinowirirana. Muzvikamu zviviri izvi pane mubvunzo une chekuita nenyaya yekukurudzira. Vezvesainzi vakapatsanurwa pakuti zviri nani kutsvaga chokwadi asi kwete kuedza kupesvedzera mutemo kana kuti mukutsvaga chokwadi unosungirwa kutsvaga shanduko. Vakuru vedare vaivewo nemhinduro dzakasiyana-siyana kumubvunzo weumiriri mukutora nhau. VaBorenstein vakasimbisa kuti kutapa nhau hakusi kwekutaura; zviri pamusoro pezviri kuitika kana kuti zvisiri kuitika munyika, kwete zvinofanira kunge zvichiitika.

VaMcCarey vakanyatsotaura kuti kutapa nhau kunofanira kuuya nechinangwa chayo chega; vatori venhau nokudaro vanova vamiriri vechokwadi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vatori venhau vanowanzo "kudivi" nesainzi pane chokwadi - semuenzaniso, pane chokwadi chesainzi chekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Mukuva vamiriri vechokwadi, vatori venhau vanovawo vatsigiri vedziviriro. Kuna VaBrainard, izvi zvinorevawo kuti vatori venhau dzimwe nguva vanoita sevane musoro uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vanova mbudzi kune veruzhinji - vanorwiswa nemamwe nhepfenyuro kana muzvikamu zvemashoko padandemutande vachitsigira chokwadi.

Nenzwi rakafanana yambiro, vanyori vakafukidza maitiro matsva mukuvhara kwezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kuwedzera kwenhamba yevatapi venhau "pamhepo" kana "vakasununguka" kwete "vashandi" vechinyakare. Mapanelist akakurudzira maitiro ekuti "mutengi chenjera" kana achiverenga masosi pawebhu sezvo paine mukana wakanaka wekukurudzira kubva kwakasiyana masosi uye mari online. Kukura kwemasocial media seFacebook neTwitter kunorevawo kuti vatori venhau vanogona kunge vachikwikwidza nemakambani kana mabviro ekutanga kupaza nhau. VaSchleifstein vakayeuka kuti panguva yekuparara kwemafuta eBP mishumo yekutanga yakabva kuBP Facebook ne Twitter mapeji ivo pachavo. Zvinogona kutora huwandu hwakakura hwekuferefeta, mari, uye kukwidziridzwa kupfuudza zvakadaro, kubva-kubva-kunobva-kunobva-kunobva mishumo yakadaro.

Mubvunzo wekupedzisira wakabvunzwa naDr. Menezes wakanangana nebasa reNGOs - masangano aya anogona kuzadza zvipingamupinyi zvehurumende uye zvevatapi venhau mune zvese chiito uye kuzivisa? Vedare vese vakabvumirana kuti maNGOs anogona kuita basa rakakosha mukuzivisa nezvezvakatipoteredza. Ndiwo nhanho yakakwana yekuronga nyaya huru kuburikidza nemunhu mudiki. VaSchleifstein vakapa muenzaniso weNGOs inokurudzira vagari sainzi vachishuma nezvemafuta ekutsvedza muGulf yeMexico uye kuendesa ruzivo irwo kune imwe NGO iyo inoitisa mafly-overs kuti iongorore kuraswa uye mhinduro yehurumende. Vedare vese vakabvumirana naVaBrainard pamusoro pemhando yeNGO yekutapa nhau pachayo, vachidudza magazini makuru akati wandei anotsigira hunyanzvi hwekutapa nhau. Chinoda kuona vanyori pakutaura kumaNGOs kuita - kana NGO ichitsvaga kutariswa nenhau inofanirwa kuratidza chiito uye hunhu. Vanofanira kufunga nezvenyaya ichataurwa: mubvunzo upi? Pane chiri kuchinja here? Pane data yehuwandu inogona kuenzaniswa nekuongororwa? Pane maitiro matsva ari kubuda here?

Muchidimbu, inhau “ZVITSVA” here?

Zvinonakidza Links:

Society of Environmental Journalists, http://www.sej.org/ - yakakurudzirwa nenhengo dzedare seforamu yekusvika kune vatori venhau kana kuzivisa zviitiko nemapurojekiti.

Waizviziva Here? MaMPA Anoshanda uye Anotsigira Upfumi Hunosimba

Vatauri: Dan Benishek, Lois Capps, Fred Keeley, Jerald Ault, Michael Cohen

US House of Representatives Dan Benishek, MD, dunhu rekutanga reMichigan uye Louis Capps, California dunhu rechimakumi maviri nerimwe rakapa sumo mbiri dzinotsigira nhaurirano yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa mugungwa (MPA.) Congressman Benishek akashanda pamwe chete neThunder Bay marine protected area (MPA.) ) uye vanodavira kuti nzvimbo tsvene “chinhu chakanakisisa chakaitika munharaunda iyi yeUnited States.” Congresswoman Capps, mumiriri mudzidzo yemhuka dzemugungwa, anoona kukosha kweMPAs sechishandiso chehupfumi uye anokurudzira zvizere National Marine Sanctuary Foundation.

Fred Keeley, mutungamiriri wenhaurirano iyi, aimbove Mutauriri pro Tempore uye anomiririra nzvimbo yeMonterey Bay muCalifornia State Assembly. Kugona kweCalifornia kukanganisa kusimudzira kwakanaka kwenzvimbo dzemugungwa kunogona kuonekwa seimwe yedzakanyanya kukosha nzira dzekuchengetedza nharaunda yedu yeramangwana uye hupfumi.

Mubvunzo mukuru ndewekuti, unogadzirisa sei kushomeka kwezviwanikwa kubva mugungwa nenzira inobatsira? Kuburikidza nemaMPA kana chimwewo chinhu? Kugona kwenharaunda yedu kutora ruzivo rwesainzi kuri nyore asi kubva pane zvematongerwo enyika basa rine chekuita nekuita kuti veruzhinji vachinje mararamiro avo rinounza matambudziko. Hurumende inoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira chirongwa chedziviriro asi nharaunda yedu inofanirwa kuvimba nezviito izvi sezviri kure kuchengetedza ramangwana redu kwemakore anotevera. Tinokwanisa kufamba nekukasika nemaMPA asi hatizosimudzire hupfumi pasina rutsigiro rwenyika yedu.

Kupa ruzivo rwekudyara munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa ndiDr. Jerald Ault, purofesa wezvinyorwa zvipenyu zvegungwa uye hove paYunivhesiti yeMiami naMichael Cohen, Muridzi / Mutungamiriri weSanta Barbara Adventure Company. Vaviri ava vakatarisa nyaya yenzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana asi dzakaratidza mashandiro avanoita pamwe chete kukurudzira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.

Dr. Ault inyanzvi yezvekubata hove ine mukurumbira pasi rose akashanda pamwe chete neFlorida Keys coral reefs. Matombo aya anounza mabhiriyoni masere nemazana mashanu kunzvimbo ine indasitiri yekushanya uye haagone kuita izvi pasina rutsigiro rweMPAs. Mabhizinesi nehove vanogona uye vachaona mabhenefiti ematunhu aya mukati memakore matanhatu. Kuisa mari mukuchengetedza mhuka dzemugungwa kwakakosha pakuchengetedza. Sustainability haingouyi kubva pakutarisa muindasitiri yezvokutengeserana inosanganisira iyo yekuvaraidza divi zvakare. Isu tinofanirwa kuchengetedza makungwa pamwechete uye kutsigira maMPA ndeimwe nzira yekuita izvi nemazvo.

Michael Cohen muzvinabhizimusi uye mudzidzisi weChannel Islands National Park. Kuona zvakatipoteredza kutanga ruoko inzira inobatsira zvikuru yekusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwemakungwa. Hunza vanhu kunharaunda yeSanta Barbara ndiyo nzira yake yekudzidzisa, pamusoro pe6,000 vanhu pagore, zvakakosha sei kuchengetedza mhuka dzedu dzemugungwa. Indasitiri yekushanya haizokura muUnited States pasina maMPA. Hapana chichaonekwa pasina kuronga kweramangwana izvo zvinozoderedza kuwedzera kwehupfumi hwenyika yedu. Panofanirwa kuve nechiratidzo chenguva yemberi uye nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa ndiko kutanga.

Kusimudzira Kukura Kwehupfumi: kugadzirisa maRicks kuPorts, Trade, uye Supply Chains

Vatauri: Vanoremekedzwa Alan Lowenthal: Mumiriri weUnited States, CA-47 Richard D. Stewart: Co-Director: Great Lakes Maritime Research Institute Roger Bohnert: Mutevedzeri weAssociate Administrator, Hofisi yeIntermodal System Development, Maritime Administration Kathleen Broadwater: Mutevedzeri Mukuru Mukuru. , Maryland Port Administration Jim Haussener: Executive Director, California Marine Affairs uye Navigation Conference John Farrell: Executive Director weUS Arctic Research Commission.

Honourable Alan Lowenthal akatanga nechisumo pamusoro penjodzi dzinotorwa nenharaunda yedu nekuvandudza madoko uye cheni dzekugovera. Kuisa mari muzvivakwa zvezviteshi uye zviteshi harisi basa riri nyore. Basa rine chekuita nekuvaka chiteshi chidiki diki rine mutengo wakanyanya. Kana chiteshi chikasachengetwa zvakanaka nechikwata chinoshanda chinova nematambudziko mazhinji asingadiwe. Kudzoreredzwa kwezvikepe zveUnited States kunogona kubatsira kusimudzira hupfumi hwedu kuburikidza nekutengeserana kwenyika.

Mutevedzeri wehurukuro iyi, Richard D. Stewart, anounza mamiriro ezvinhu anofadza ane ruzivo mumakungwa akadzika ngarava, hutungamiri hwezvikepe, muongorori, kaputeni wechiteshi uye mutakuri wekutakura zvinhu uye iye zvino Mutungamiriri weYunivhesiti yeWisconsin's Transportation and Logistics Research Center. Sezvauri kuona basa rake muindasitiri yekutengeserana rakakura uye rinotsanangura kuti kuwedzera kwekudiwa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana kuri kuisa sei kushushikana pazviteshi zvedu uye cheni yekugovera. Isu tinofanirwa kukwidziridza kusadzivirirwa nemasisitimu edu ekugovera nekugadzirisa mamiriro chaiwo ezviteshi zvemahombekombe uye cheni dzekugovera kuburikidza netiweki yakaoma. Kwete chipingamupinyi chiri nyore. Muvhunzo wakabva kuna VaStewart waive wekuda kuona kuti hurumende yemubatanidzwa inofanirwa kupindira munyaya dzebudiriro nekudzoreredzwa kwezvikepe here?

A subtopic kubva kumubvunzo mukuru wakapihwa naJohn Farrell uyo ari chikamu cheiyo arctic commission. Dr. Farrell vanoshanda nevakuru vebazi masangano kuti vagadzire chirongwa chenyika chekutsvaga arctic. Iyo Arctic iri kuita nyore kudarika kuburikidza nenzira dzekuchamhembe dzichigadzira kufamba kweindasitiri mudunhu. Dambudziko nderekuti hapana zvivakwa muAlaska zvichiita kuti zviome kushanda nemazvo. Dunhu harina kugadzirira kuwedzera kwakakura kudaro saka kuronga kunoda kuita nekukurumidza. Kutaridzika kwakanaka kwakakosha asi isu hatigone kuita chero zvikanganiso muarctic. Inzvimbo isina kusimba.

Manzwisisiro akaunzwa naKathleen Broadwater weMaryland Port Administrator aive pamusoro pekuti zvakakosha sei cheni dzekufambisa kuenda kuzviteshi zvingaite kufamba kwezvinhu. Dredging chinhu chakakosha kana zvasvika pakuchengetedza madoko asi panofanirwa kuve nenzvimbo yekuchengetera marara ese anokonzeresa. Imwe nzira ndeyekuchengetera marara munzvimbo dzine mvura ichigadzira nzira ine hushamwari nharaunda yekurasa marara. Kuti tirambe tichikwikwidza pasi rose tinogona kuenzanisa zviwanikwa zvedu zvezvikepe kuti titarise kutengeserana kwenyika dzese uye kugovera ketani network. Tinogona kushandisa zviwanikwa zvehurumende yemubatanidzwa asi zvakakosha kuti muchiteshi chishande takazvimirira. Roger Bohnert anoshanda neHofisi yeIntermodal System Development uye anotarisa zano rekugara tichikwikwidza pasi rose. Bohnert anoona chiteshi chinogara makore angangoita makumi manomwe neshanu saka kuvandudza maitiro akanakisa muhurongwa hwekugovera cheni kunogona kugadzira kana kutyora iyo yemukati system. Kuderedza njodzi yebudiriro yenguva refu kunogona kubatsira asi pakupedzisira tinoda chirongwa chekutadza kwekuvaka.

Wekupedzisira kutaura, Jim Haussener, anoita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira uye kuchengetedza kumadokero kwemahombekombe eCalifornia. Anoshanda neCalifornia Marine Affairs uye Navigation Conference uyo anomiririra zviteshi zvitatu zvepasi rose pamahombekombe. Kuchengeta kugona kwezviteshi zvekufambisa kunogona kuve kwakaoma asi kudiwa kwedu kwepasirese kwezvinhu hakugone kushanda pasina chiteshi chega chega chinoshanda chakazara. Chiteshi chimwe chete hachigone kuzviita chega saka nezvivakwa zvezviteshi zvedu tinogona kushanda pamwe chete kuvaka network inoenderera. Zvivakwa zvezvikepe zvakazvimiririra kubva kune zvese zvekufambisa zvepasi asi kugadzira cheni yekugovera neindasitiri yekufambisa kunogona kusimudzira hupfumi hwedu. Mukati memagedhi echiteshi zviri nyore kumisa masisitimu anoshanda anoshanda pamwe chete asi kunze kwemadziro zvivakwa zvinogona kuoma. Kuedza pamwe chete pakati pemubatanidzwa nemapoka akazvimirira nekutarisa nekuchengetedza kwakakosha. Mutoro weUnited States wepasi rose wekupa cheni wakakamurwa uye unofanirwa kuenderera nenzira iyi kuchengetedza kukura kwehupfumi hwedu.