Cownose Ray weChesapeake Bay

Munyori: Maggie Bass, nerutsigiro kubva kuna Beryl Dann

Margaret Bass iBiology hombe paEckerd College uye chikamu cheTOF intern nharaunda.

Makore mazana maviri apfuura, Chesapeake Bay yakazara nehupenyu pachiyero chisingagoneki kufungidzira nhasi. Yakatsigira uye inoramba ichitsigira nharaunda dzemahombekombe egungwa-kunyangwe mabasa evanhu kubva mukukohwewa zvakanyanya kusvika mukusimudzirwa zvakanyanya zvakavakanganisa. Handisi mubati wehove. Ini handizive kutya kutsamira pane isingatarisike sosi yemari. Kundiredza kwave kuri kwenhandaro zvechokwadi. Nemamiriro angu ezvinhu, ndichiri kuodzwa mwoyo pandinouya kubva kunoraura ndisina kana hove yekukangwa. Nechouviri chomunhu chiri mungozi, ndinogona bedzi kufungidzira kuti budiriro yorwendo rupi norupi rwokuredza ingareva zvakawanda sei kumuredzi. Chinhu chipi nechipi chinovhiringidza mubati wehove kuunza hove yakanaka, kwaari, inhau yomunhu oga. Ini ndinogona kunzwisisa kuti sei muredzi we oyster kana yebhuruu gakanje angave neruvengo rwakadai pamwaranzi yemombe, kunyanya mushure mekunzwa kuti mwaranzi wemombe hausi wekuzvarwa, kuti huwandu hwemwaranzi muChesapeake hwaikura husingadzoreki, uye kuti mwaranzi iri kuparadza gakanje rebhuruu uye oyster. . Hazvina mhosva kuti zvinhu izvozvo hazvingambovi zvechokwadi—mwaranzi wemombe muparadzi ari nyore.

Mwaranzi yemombe yakanaka. Miviri yavo yakaita sedhaimani, ine muswe murefu mutete uye zvimbi zvitete zvitete zvinorembera kunze semapapiro. Kana dzichifamba dzinoita sedziri kubhururuka nemumvura. Ruvara rwadzo rwebrown kumusoro runodzibvumira kuhwanda pasi perwizi rune madhaka kubva kune zvikara pamusoro uye nechepasi jena rinodzipa kuvharika kusanganiswa nedenga rakajeka kubva pakuona kwezvikara pazasi. Zviso zvavo zvakaoma kunzwisisa uye zvakaoma kufungidzira. Misoro yadzo yakaita sikweya zvishoma ine indent pakati pemhuno uye muromo uri pasi pemusoro. Vane mazino anopwanya, panzvimbo pemazino akapinza sehama dzavo dzeshark, nokuda kwekudya ma<em>clams ane ma<em>soft-shelled clams—chikafu chavanoda zvikuru.

Mwaranzi yeCownose inofamba ichienda kunzvimbo yeChesapeake Bay mukupera kwechirimo uye inotamira kuFlorida mukupera kwezhizha. Zvisikwa zvinoda kuziva uye ndakavaona vachiongorora chiteshi chedu pamba pedu kumaodzanyemba kweMaryland. Kukura ndichivaona kubva pamba pedu, vaigaroita kuti ndinzwe kutya. Kusanganiswa kwemvura yakasviba yePatuxent yeRwizi rwebrown uye kuvaona vachifamba nekubira uye nenyasha uye kusaziva zvakawanda nezvavo kwakakonzera kufunganya uku. Zvisinei, sezvo ndakura uye ndinoziva zvakawanda nezvavo, havachandityityidzi. Ndinofunga vakanaka chaizvo. Asi zvinosuruvarisa kuti mwaranzi yemombe iri kurwiswa.

Pane makakatanwa akawanda akapoteredza mwaranzi wemombe. Nhepfenyuro dzemuno nehove dzinoratidza mwaranzi yemombe seinoparadza uye inoparadza, uye mamaneja ehove emunharaunda dzimwe nguva anosimudzira kuredza zvine hasha uye kukohwewa kwemwaranzi yemombe kuchengetedza mhando dzinodiwa semaoyster uye scallops. Iyo data yekutsigira iyi hunhu hwechidzidzo chemombe yakaburitswa mujenari sainzi muna 2007 naRansom A. Myers weDalhousie University nevamwe vaaishanda navo vane musoro, “Cascading Effect of the loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean”. Chidzidzo ichi chakagumisa kuti kuderera kwe shark kwakakonzera kukurumidza kuwedzera kwemombe ray vanhu. Muchidzidzo ichi, Myers akataura nyaya imwe chete yemubhedha we scallop muNorth Carolina wakanga watorwa wakachena nemwaranzi yemombe. Chidzidzo ichi chakajekesa kuti vanyori vayo havana kuziva kana uye kuti yakawanda sei maranzi emombe akadya scallops uye zvimwe zvinotengeswa zvekudya zvegungwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo nedzimwe mwaka, asi iyo nhoroondo yakarasika. Nharaunda yekubata hove yeChesapeake Bay inotenda kuti maranzi emombe ari kumanikidza maoyster nemagakanje ebhuruu kuti atsakatike uye, semhedzisiro, anotsigira kutsakatika uye "kudzora" kwemwaranzi. Mwaranzi yemombe haichadzoreki here? Hapana tsvakiridzo yakawanda yakaitwa pamusoro pekuti vangani mwaranzi yemombe iyo Chesapeake Bay yakambove nayo, inogona kutsigira izvozvi, kana kana idzi tsika dzehukasha dzekuredza dziri kukonzera kudzikira kwehuwandu. Pane humbowo zvisinei kuti mwaranzi yemombe yagara ichigara muChesapeake Bay. Vanhu vari kupomera budiriro isina kuenzana yekuedza kuchengetedza oyster nemakanje ebhuruu pamwaranzi yemombe, zvichibva pane zvakataurwa naMyers nezvemwaranzi inodya scallops munzvimbo imwechete muchidzidzo chake cha2007.

Ndakaona kutorwa nekuuraiwa kwemwaranzi yemombe parwizi Patuxent. Vanhu vari parwizi muzvikepe zvidiki zvine harpoons kana pfuti kana hoko nemutsetse. Ndakaona vachikweva miranzi vachirova padivi pezvikepe zvavo kusvika hupenyu hwavasiya. Zvakandipa hasha. Ndakaona sekuti ndaiva nebasa rekuchengetedza mwaranzi iyoyo. Ndakambobvunza amai vangu kuti, "izvo hazvisi pamutemo handiti?" uye ndakatya uye ndakasuwa paakandiudza kuti handizvo.

Ndagara ndiri mumwe weavo vanhu vanotenda kuti zvakakosha kuti ndikwanise kurima nekukohwa chikafu changu. Uye chokwadi kana vanhu vanga vachibata ray kana maviri pakudya kwemanheru, saka ini handaizonetswa. Ndakabata nekudya hove dzangu nehove kubva panzvimbo yedu kakawanda, uye nekuita izvi, ndinowana ruzivo rwekuchinja kwehuwandu hwehove nehove. Ndiri kucherechedza kuwanda kwandinokohwa nekuti ndinoda kuti ndikwanise kuramba ndichikohwa kubva mumvura yakatenderedza nzvimbo yangu. Asi kuuraya kukuru kwemwaranzi yemombe hakugoneki uye hakuna hunhu.

Pakupedzisira mwaranzi yemombe inogona kuurayiwa zvachose. Kuuraya uku kunopfuura kuisa zvokudya patafura yemhuri. Pane ruvengo seri kwegoho guru remwaranzi yemombe muBay—ruvengo runodyiswa nokutya. Kutya kurasikirwa maviri eChesapeake Bay anonyanya kuzivikanwa mastaples: blue crabs uye oyster. Kutya kwemuredzi kwemwaka unononoka uye kuita mari shoma shoma kuti akwanise kurarama, kana kusatombowana zvachose. Asi isu hatinyatso ziva kana ray iri villain-kusiyana, semuenzaniso, invasive blue catfish, inodya zvakawanda uye inodya zvese kubva kumakanje kusvika kune pwere hove.

Zvichida yave nguva yemhinduro yedziviriro. Kuurayiwa kwemwaranzi yemombe kunoda kumiswa, uye tsvakurudzo yakakwana inofanira kuitwa, kuitira kuti kubata hove kwakakodzera kuitwe. Masayendisiti anogona kuisa mirazi yemombe nenzira imwechete iyo shark inomakwa uye inoteverwa. Maitiro uye madyiro emaranzi emombe anogona kuteverwa uye data rakawanda kuunganidzwa. Kana paine kutsigirwa kwakanyanya kwesainzi kunoratidza kuti maranzi emombe ari kumanikidza oyster uye bhuruu crab stocks, zvino izvi zvinofanirwa kutumira meseji yekuti hutano uye hurombo hutongi hweBay huri kukonzera kudzvanywa kwemwaranzi yemombe, uye mukuita uku kudzvanywa pamagakanje ebhuruu uye oysters. Tinogona kudzoreredza chiyero cheChesapeake Bay nenzira dzakasiyana nekuurayiwa kwezvipenyu zvingangobudirira.

Mufananidzo wechikwereti: 1) NASA 2) Robert Fisher /VASG

Chinyorwa chemupepeti: Musi waKukadzi 15, 2016, chidzidzo yakabudiswa mujenari Scientific Reports, umo boka revasayendisiti rinotungamirirwa naDean Grubbs weFlorida State University rinopikisa ongororo yakaitwa muna 2007 (“Cascading Effect of the loss of Apex Predatory Sharks from a Coastal Ocean”) yakawana kuti kuredza hove kwemashaki makuru kwakanga kwakonzera kuputika. muhuwandu hwemwaranzi, iyo yakanga yapedza bivalves, clams uye scallops pamwe neEast Coast.