Mahombekombe Anonyangarika: Chii chingaitwa pamusoro pekushomeka kwejecha repasi rose?

Sezvaunoenda kumhenderekedzo yegungwa yaunosarudza zhizha rino, nyatsocherechedza chikamu chakakosha chemahombekombe: jecha. Jecha chinhu chatinofunga nezvacho sechakawanda; inofukidza mahombekombe pasi rose uye ndicho chikamu chikuru cherenje. Zvisinei, harisi jecha rose rinosikwa zvakaenzana uye sezvo chiverengero chavagari vapasi chiri kuramba chichikura, kuda kwedu jecha kunowedzera. Saka zvinoramba zvichinyatsojeka kuti jecha chinhu chine magumo. Zvakaoma kuisa mutengo pakunzwa kwejecha pakati pezvigunwe zvako kana kuvaka chivako chejecha, uye munguva pfupi tingangofanira kudaro sezvo jecha repasi rinowanikwa richiderera zvishoma nezvishoma.   

Jecha ndiyo chaiyo chiwanikwa chatinoshandisa zvakanyanya mushure memhepo nemvura. Riri mune zvinenge zvese. Semuenzaniso, chivakwa chaunenge wakagara izvozvi chingangove chakagadzirwa nekongiri, iyo inonyanya kuve jecha nematombo. Migwagwa yakagadzirwa nekongiri. Window girazi uye kunyange chikamu chefoni yako chakagadzirwa nejecha rakanyunguduka. Munguva yakapfuura, jecha rave riri dhamu-dhamu rekushandisa, asi zvino sezvo kune kuperevedza mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mitemo yakawedzerwa yakaiswa.

Jecha rave chinhu chiri kutsvakwa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Uye saka zvave kudhura zvakanyanya.

Saka jecha rose iri rinobvepi uye tingave tave kupera sei? Jecha rinonyanya kutangira mumakomo; makomo anosakadzwa nemhepo nemvura, achirasikirwa nouzhinji muchimiro chetunhu tuduku twakabviswa. Kwezviuru zvemakore, nzizi dzakatakura zvimedu izvi zvichidzika nepamusoro pemakomo uye dzinoita madhipatimendi panzvimbo kana pedyo nepadzinosangana negungwa (kana kuti dhamu) zvichiva zvatinoona sejecha nemahombekombe.   

Mufananidzo Chikwereti: Josh Withers/Unsplash

Parizvino, maguta edu ari kuwedzera pamwero usina kumboitika uye maguta ari kushandisa simende yakawanda kupfuura kare. Semuenzaniso, China yakashandisa simende yakawanda mumakore mashoma apfuura kupfuura iyo United States yakashandiswa muzana remakore rechi20 rose. Singapore ndiyo yave nyika huru inotenga jecha kunze kwenyika. Yakawedzera 130 square kilometers kunzvimbo yayo yepasi pamusoro penguva yemakore makumi mana. Nyika itsva yose iyoyo inobva kupi? Kurasa jecha mugungwa. Kune zvakare mamwe marudzi ejecha anogona kushandiswa kukongiri uye mamwe marudzi haanyanyi kubatsira kumabasa evanhu. Jecha rakatsetseka rawaizowana mugwenga reSahara harigoni kuitwa zvokuvakisa. Nzvimbo dzakanakisisa dzekuwana jecha rekongiri imahombekombe enzizi uye pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Kudiwa kwejecha kuri kuita kuti tibvise mihomba yenzizi, mahombekombe, masango, uye minda kuti tisvike kujecha. Mhosva dzakarongwa dzakatotora nzvimbo mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

United Nations Environment Programme yakafungidzira kuti muna 2012, nyika yakashandisa matani anoda kusvika mabhiriyoni 30 ejecha nematombo kugadzira kongiri.

Iro jecha rinokwana kuvaka rusvingo rwakareba mamita 27 uye mamita 27 rwakafara kutenderera equator! Iko kukosha kwekutengesa kwejecha kwakapetwa katanhatu zvazvaive makore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura uye muUS, kugadzirwa kwejecha kwakawedzera ne25% mumakore mashanu apfuura. Kwaita mhirizhonga pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvejecha munzvimbo dzakaita seIndia, Kenya, Indonesia, China, neVietnam. Mafiya ejecha nekucherwa kwejecha zvisiri pamutemo zvapararira kunyanya munyika dzine hutongi husina kusimba nehuwori. Sekureva kwemukuru weDhipatimendi reVietnam Rekuvaka Zvishandiso, nyika inogona kupera jecha panosvika gore ra24. 

Kucherwa kwejecha kwaimbove kwakapararira pasi rose. Migodhi yejecha yaive madhiriji mahombe aidhonza jecha kubva kumahombekombe. Pakupedzisira, vanhu vakatanga kuona kuti migodhi iyi yaiparadza mahombekombe uye migodhi yakatanga kuvharika zvishoma nezvishoma. Nekudaro, kunyangwe nezvakataurwa, jecha richiri chinhu chinocherwa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Jecha nematombo anokwana kusvika 85% yezvese zvinocherwa pasi rose gore rega rega. Mugodhi wejecha wegungwa wekupedzisira wasara muUS uchavhara muna 2020.

Jecha Kuchera

Kuchera jecha, iro rinoitwa pasi pemvura, imwe nzira iyo jecha rinofambiswa kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe. Kazhinji jecha iri rinoshandiswa “kupazve kudya kwemahombekombe,” iro rinozadza jecha rinenge rarasika munzvimbo ichibva kuhombekombe, kukurwa kwevhu, kana kumwe kunyura. Kudzoreredzwa kwekudya kwemahombekombe kune makakatanwa munzvimbo dzakawanda nekuda kwemutengo weti unouya pamwe nawo uye nenyaya yekuti kugadzirisa kwechinguvana. Semuenzaniso, Bathtub Beach muMartin County, Florida yakave nehuwandu hunoshamisa hwekudya zvakare. Mumakore maviri apfuura, mari inodarika mamirioni matanhatu emadhora yakashandiswa mukupazve kudya nekudzoreredza dunes paBathtub Beach chete. Mifananidzo kubva kumahombekombe dzimwe nguva inoratidza jecha idzva richinyangarika kubva kumahombekombe mukati meawa makumi maviri nemana (ona pazasi). 

Pane mushonga here wekushomeka kwejecha uku? Panguva ino, nzanga yanyanya kuvimba nejecha kuti ingorega kurishandisa zvachose. Imwe mhinduro inogona kunge iri kudzokorora jecha. Semuenzaniso, kana uine chivakwa chekongiri chekare chisisashandiswe kana kuti chiri kutsiviwa, unogona kupwanya kongiri yakasimba woishandisa kugadzira kongiri “itsva”. Ehe, pane zvakaderera pakuita izvi: inogona kudhura uye kongiri yakatoshandiswa haina kunaka sekushandisa jecha nyowani. Asphalt inogona zvakare kushandiswa zvakare uye kushandiswa seimwe nzira kune mamwe maapplication. Pamusoro pezvo, zvimwe zvinotsiva jecha zvinosanganisira zvivakwa zvekuvaka nehuni nemashanga, asi hazvigoneke izvo zvichave zvakakurumbira kupfuura kongiri. 

Mufananidzo Chikwereti: Bogomil Mihaylo/Unsplash

Muna 2014, Britain yakakwanisa kudzoreredza 28% yezvinhu zvayo zvekuvakisa, uye panosvika 2025, EU inoronga kudzokorodza 75% yezvigadzirwa zvekuvaka magirazi, izvo zvinofanirwa kubatsira kudzikisa kudiwa kwejecha reindasitiri. Singapore inoronga kushandisa sisitimu yedhayi nemapombi kune yayo inotevera purojekiti yekudzorera kuitira kuti isanyanya kutsamira pajecha. Vatsvagiri nemainjiniya vari kutsvaga dzimwe nzira dzekongiri, uye vachitarisira kuti panguva ino, kudzokorodza zvakawanda zvezvigadzirwa zvedu zvejecha zvichabatsira kuderedza kudiwa kwejecha. 

Kubviswa kwejecha, kuchera, uye kuchera zvese zvakabatanidzwa nekukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Somuenzaniso, muKenya, kucherwa kwejecha kwave kuchibatanidzwa nokukuvadza kwematombo emakorari. MuIndia, kucherwa kwejecha kwakatyisidzira makarwe ari munjodzi huru. MuIndonesia, zvitsuwa zvakanyangarika pakucherwa kwakawanda kwejecha.

Kubvisa jecha pane imwe nzvimbo kunogona kukonzera kukukurwa kwemahombekombe, kuparadza nharaunda, kufambisa kutapurira kwezvirwere, uye kuita kuti nzvimbo ive pangozi zvakanyanya kunjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga.

Izvi zvakaratidzwa munzvimbo dzakaita seSri Lanka, uko tsvakurudzo yakaratidza kuti nekuda kwekuchera jecha kwakaitika tsunami ya2004 isati yaitika, mafungu acho ainyanya kuparadza kupfuura angadai akave pasina kuchera jecha. MuDubai, kudonhedza kunogadzira madutu ejecha ari pasi pemvura anokachidza, anouraya zvipenyu, kuparadza matombo emakorari, kushandura mafambiro ekutenderera kwemvura, uye anogona kudzipa mhuka sehove kubva pakuvhara magill adzo. 

Hapana tarisiro yekuti jecha redu repasi rino kumisa kutonhora, asi hazvidi kumira. Isu tinongoda kudzidza nzira yekudzikisa kukanganisa kwekubvisa uye kudzoka. Mitemo yekuvaka inofanirwa kusimudzwa kuti iwedzere hupenyu hwechivako, uye zvinhu zvekuvaka zvakawanda sezvinobvira zvinofanira kushandiswazve. Jecha richaramba richinyangarika sezvo huwandu hwevanhu hunowedzera uye ndizvo zvakaitawo maguta edu. Kuziva dambudziko ndiro danho rekutanga. Matanho anotevera ari kuwedzera hupenyu hwezvigadzirwa zvejecha, kudzokorodza, nekutsvaga zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinogona kutora nzvimbo yejecha. Hatisati tamborwa hondo yekukundwa, asi tinofanira kuchinja maitiro edu. 

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