Zviri Zvehove…Chaizvo.

NaMark J. Spalding - Mutungamiri, The Ocean Foundation

Mubvunzo: Sei tichitaura nezvehove dzakabatwa nemusango? Kune akawanda akawanda mamwe maindasitiri emakungwa emakungwa, uye nyaya dzakawanda dzinotarisana nehukama hwevanhu nemakungwa. Tinofanira kunetseka here kuti nguva yakawanda yakashandiswa pakubatsira kuti indasitiri iyi iri kudzikira irarame, pane dzimwe nyaya dzakawanda dzemugungwa dzatinofanira kutaura?

Mhinduro: Nekuti zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti kunze kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, hapana njodzi huru kugungwa kupfuura kuredza hove uye zviitiko zvinoperekedza.

Friday ndiro raive zuva rekupedzisira World Oceans Summit yakagadzirirwa The Economist muno muSingapore. Mumwe anotarisira pro-bhizinesi kumira, kana capitalist misika mhinduro yekutarisa, kubva The Economist. Kunyange zvazvo furemu iyi dzimwe nguva ichigona kuita seyakamanikana, pave nekutenda kwave nekutarisa kwakasimba pakubata hove. Kubatwa kwehove dzomusango kwakawedzera kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni 96 muna 1988. Kubva ipapo kwakangoramba kusingadzokerike muhuwandu nokuredza pasi pehove dzemusango (zvichitevedzana kunanga hove dzisingadikanwi) uye kakawanda zvikuru, nokutevera tsumo inoti “hove 'kusvikira yapera. , woenderera mberi.”

"Tiri kuvhima hove huru sezvatakaita mhuka dzedu dzepanyika," akadaro Geoff Carr, mupepeti weScience. The Economist. Saka izvozvi, huwandu hwehove huri mudambudziko rakakura munzira nhatu:

1) Tiri kutora vakawandisa kuti vachengetedze huwandu hwevanhu, ndoda kuvakurazve;
2) Dzakawanda dzatiri kubudisa dzinomiririra huru (uye naizvozvo dzakaorera zvikuru) kana kuti dukusa (uye kiyi yeramangwana redu); uye
3) Nzira dzatinobata nadzo, tinogadzira, nekutakura hove dzinoparadza kubva pasi pegungwa kuenda kumutsara wemvura. Hazvishamisi kuti zvipenyu zvegungwa zvinoraswa kunze kwekuenzanisa semhedzisiro.
4. Tichiri kutonga huwandu hwehove uye tinofunga nezvehove sembesa dzinokura mumakungwa dzatinongokohwa. Zvakadaro, tiri kudzidza zvakanyanya uye kuti hove dzakakosha sei zvikamu zvemugungwa uye kuzvibvisa zvinoreva kuti tiri kubvisa chikamu cheecosystem. Izvi zviri kukonzera shanduko huru pamashandiro anoita zvipenyu zvemugungwa.

Saka, tinofanira kutaura nezvehove kana tichizotaura nezvekuchengetedza gungwa. Uye pane zviri nani kutaura nezvazvo pane munzvimbo umo njodzi uye kutyisidzira kuri kuzivikanwa sese nyaya yekuchengetedza uye nyaya yebhizinesi. . . an Economist musangano.

Zvinosuruvarisa, zvakasimbiswa kuti maindasitiri / kukohwewa kwehove dzemusango kungave kusingagone kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza:
-Hatigone kukohwa mhuka dzesango pachiyero chekudyiwa nevanhu pasi rose (panyika kana kubva mugungwa)
-Hatigone kudya zvikara zveapex uye kutarisira kuti masisitimu agare akaenzana
- Chirevo chichangobva kuitika chinoti hove dzedu dzisina kuongororwa uye dzisingazivikanwe ndidzo dzakanyanya kukuvadzwa uye dzakapera zvakanyanya, izvo, zvichipihwa nhau kubva kuhove dzedu dzinozivikanwa…
-Kudonha kwehove kuri kuwedzera, uye kana yadonha, hove hadzina kupora.
-Kuredza hove diki kwakadzikira kuri padyo nenzvimbo dzekukura kwevanhu, saka ingori nyaya yenguva kusvika vapinda munjodzi yekudzvinyirirwa.
-Kudiwa kweprotein yehove kuri kukura nekukurumidza kupfuura izvo zvinogona kutsigira mhuka dzemusango
-Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kukanganisa mamiriro ekunze uye kutama kwehove
-Ocean acidification inoisa mungozi nzvimbo dzekutanga dzechikafu chehove, kugadzirwa kwehove, uye nzvimbo dzinogara dzisina njodzi senge macoral reef masisitimu anoshanda semusha weinenge chikamu chehupenyu hweinoda kusvika hafu yehove dzepasi.
-Kutonga kwakanaka kwehove dzemusango kunoenderana nemamwe manzwi akasimba asiri eindasitiri, uye indasitiri, zvinonzwisisika yakaita basa guru mukutonga hove.

Uye iyo indasitiri haina hutano zvakanyanya kana kusimba:
-Kubata kwedu kwemusango kwatoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye indasitiri yakawedzera mari (mabhoti akawandisa ari kudzingirira hove shoma)
- Hove dzekutengesa dzakakura hadzikwanisi kuwana mari pasina rubatsiro rwehurumende rwemafuta, kuvaka ngarava, uye zvimwe zvikamu zveindasitiri;
-Idzi rubatsiro, idzo dzanga dzichitariswa zvakanyanya neWorld Trade Organisation, dzinogadzira kukurudzira kwehupfumi kuparadza hupfumi hwegungwa redu; kureva iye zvino vari kushanda vachipesana nekuchengetedza;
- Mafuta edzimotokari nezvimwe zvinodhura zviri kukwira, pamwe nehuwandu hwegungwa, izvo zvinokanganisa zvivakwa zvezvikepe zvehove;
-Indasitiri yehove dzakabatwa nemusango inotarisana nenhandare inokwikwidza zvakanyanya, kupfuura mutemo, uko misika inoda mwero wepamusoro, mhando, uye kuteedzera chigadzirwa.
- Makwikwi kubva ku aquaculture akakosha uye ari kukura. Aquaculture yatotora inopfuura hafu yemusika wepasi rose wezvokudya zvegungwa, uye padyo nemahombekombe egungwa akaiswa zvakapetwa kaviri, kunyangwe tekinoroji dzemugungwa dziri kuvandudzwa dzinogadzirisa matambudziko echirwere, kusvibiswa kwemvura uye kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzemahombekombe.
- Uye, inofanirwa kutarisana neshanduko idzi nematambudziko ane ngura yezvivakwa, nhanho dzakawandisa muketani yekugovera (ine njodzi yemarara pane imwe neimwe nhanho), uye zvese zvine chigadzirwa chinoparara chinoda firiji, kufambisa nekukurumidza, uye kugadzirisa kwakachena.
Kana iwe uri bhangi uchitsvaga kudzikisa njodzi muchikwereti chako chechikwereti, kana kambani yeinishuwarenzi iri kutsvaga mabhizinesi ane njodzi yakaderera kuti uwane inishuwarenzi, iwe uri kuzowedzera kunzvenga mutengo, mamiriro ekunze, uye njodzi dzetsaona dziri muhove dzemusango uye kunyengerwa aquaculture/mariculture seimwe nzira iri nani.

Kuchengetedzwa Kwezvokudya Panzvimbo
Mumusangano uyu, paive nenguva dzakakwana dzekuyeuchidza vatsigiri nevatauri vavo vakasarudzwa kuti kuredza hove kune chekuita nehurombo uye kurarama. Tinogona here kudzoreredza masisitimu ehupenyu hwemugungwa, kumisazve nhanho dzekare dzekubereka, uye kutaura nezve basa rayo mukuchengetedzeka kwechikafu-kunyanya, vangani vevanhu vedu 7 bhiriyoni vanogona kuvimba nehove yemusango seyakakosha mapuroteni sosi, uye ndedzipi dzimwe nzira dzedu. nokuda kwokudyisa vasara, zvikurukuru sezvo chiverengero chavagari vemo chinokura?

Tinofanira kugara tichiziva kuti mubati wehove mudiki anofanira kunge achiri kukwanisa kudyisa mhuri yake - ane mapuroteni mashoma pane emudhorobha reAmerica, semuenzaniso. Kuredza ndiko kupona kwevanhu vakawanda pasi rose. Nokudaro, tinofanira kufunga pamusoro pezvigadziriso zvekumaruwa patsva. Nhau yakanaka kwatiri munharaunda yekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda ndeyekuti kana tikasimudzira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana mugungwa, tinowedzera kugadzirwa uye nekudaro kumwe kuchengetedzeka kwekudya. Uye, kana tikaona kuti hatibvisi zviwanikwa nenzira inorerutsa ecosystem (kusiya mashoma uye akanyanya kufanana nemhando dzemajini), tinogona zvakare kudzivirira kuparara pakati pekuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu.

Saka tinofanira:
-Kuwedzera huwandu hwenyika dziri kushanda dzakagadzikana manejimendi ekutengesa hove mumvura yavo
-Seta Iyo Yese Inotenderwa Kubata nenzira kwayo kuti ubvumire hove kubereka uye kupora (ishoma chete nyika dzakasimukira dzakaita izvi zvisati zvaitika)
-Bvisa musika kushatisa rubatsiro kunze kweiyo system (iri munzira kuWTO)
-Itai kuti hurumende iite basa rayo uye yotevera kuredza zvisiri pamutemo, zvisina kutaurwa uye zvisina kunyoreswa (IUU)
-Gadzira zvinokurudzira kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuwandisa
-Gadzira nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzemugungwa (MPAs) kuti dziise parutivi nzvimbo dzehove nedzimwe mhuka kuti dzibereke nekupora, pasina njodzi yekubatwa kana kukuvadzwa kubva mumidziyo yekuredza.

Dambudziko
Zvose izvi zvinoda chido chezvematongerwo enyika, kuzvipira kwemarudzi akawanda, uye kuziva kuti mimwe miganhu iripo inogona kudiwa kuti ubudirire mune ramangwana. Kusvika pari zvino, kuchine nhengo dzeindasitiri yekuredza dzinoshandisa simba rayo rezvematongerwo enyika kupikisa miganhu yekubata, kuderedza dziviriro muMPAs, uye, kuchengetedza rubatsiro. Panguva imwecheteyo, kunewo kukura kucherechedzwa kwezvinodiwa nenharaunda dzinobata hove dzine nzira shoma dzehupfumi, sarudzo dziri kubuda dzekudzikisa kumanikidzwa mugungwa nekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwehove panyika, uye kuderera kwakajeka kwehove zhinji.

KuThe Ocean Foundation, nharaunda yedu yevanopa, vanachipangamazano, vanopihwa, vatungamiriri veprojekiti, uye vamwe vari kushanda kuti vagadzirise. Mhinduro dzinotora pane hurongwa hwemazano, dzakanyatsotariswa zvinogona kuitika, uye matekinoroji ari kusimukira kuti agadzirise ramangwana iro nyika yese inogona kusapihwa chikafu kubva mugungwa, asi nyika ichiri kukwanisa kuvimba negungwa sechikamu chegungwa. kuchengetedzwa kwezvokudya pasi rose. Tinovimba kuti muchabatana nesu.