IUU Fishing Enforcement Act Yakasainwa MuMutemo

naJessie Neumann, TOF Communications Mubatsiri

HR 774: Zvisiri pamutemo, Zvisina Kutaurwa, uye Zvisina Kudzorwa (IUU) Kusimbisa Hove Mutemo we2015

Kukadzi uno, Mumiriri Madeleine Bordallo (D-Guam) akaunzwa zvakare HR Bhiri 774 kuCongress. Bhiri iri rakanangana nekusimbaradza nzira dzekumisa kubata hove kusiri pamutemo, kusingamhan’arwe, uye kusiri pamutemo (IUU). Bhiri iri rakadzikwa mushure mekusainwa neMutungamiri Obama musi wa5 Mbudzi 2015.

The Problem

Kuredza hove kusiri pamutemo, kusingataurwi uye kusingataurwi (IUU) kunotyisidzira raramo yevaredzi pasi rose sezvo ngarava dzisina kudzorwa dzinopedza hove uye kukuvadza zvipenyu zvemugungwa. Pamusoro pekunyima vabati vehove vanoteerera mutemo nenharaunda dzemumahombekombe egungwa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nematatu emadhora pagore, ngarava dzinobata hove dzeIUU dzine mukana wekuita mamwe mabasa ekutengesa zvinosanganisira hutsotsi hwakarongwa, kutakura zvinodhaka uye kutengeswa kwevanhu.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune vanhu vanopfuura miriyoni makumi maviri vari kushanda pasi pekumanikidzwa kana kumanikidzwa kushanda pasi rose, kuti vangani vari kushanda zvakananga muindasitiri yekuredza, nhamba iyoyo haigone kuverenga. Kutengeswa kwevanhu mukubata hove haisi nyaya itsva, zvisinei kuti kudyidzana kwepasi rose kweindasitiri yezvokudya zvegungwa kunowedzera kuipa. Unhu hune ngozi hwokushanda mungarava yokuredza hunoita kuti vanhu vakawanda vasade kuisa upenyu hwavo parumananzombe nokuda kwemihoro yakaderera kudaro. Vanotama kazhinji ndivo vega nharaunda dzinoshuvira zvakaringana neaya mabasa epasi, uye nekudaro vari kuramba vari panjodzi yekubatwa nekushungurudzwa. MuThailand, 20% yevashandi vekugadzira chikafu chegungwa vanoumbwa nevashandi vanobva kune dzimwe nyika dzakavakidzana dzakadai seMyanmar, Lao PDR neCambodia. Mune imwe ongororo yakaitwa nesangano reFishWise muThailand, 90% yevakabvunzurudzwa vari muzvikepe zvekuredzesa uye 20% yevakabvunzurudzwa mukugadzirisa mabasa vakati "vakamanikidzwa kushanda." Pamusoro pezvo, kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma kwehove dzepasi rose kubva pakuredza zvakanyanya kunomanikidza ngarava kuenda kure kugungwa, kunoraura munzvimbo dziri kure uye kwenguva yakareba. Pane njodzi shoma yekubatwa mugungwa uye vafambisi vengarava vanotora mukana weizvi, vachidzidzira zviri nyore kubata hove kweIUU pamwe nevashandi vanoshungurudzwa. Pane kuomerwa kuri pachena mukutarisa uye kutevedzera mitemo yevashandi mungarava dzepasi rose dzehove dzinosvika 9 miriyoni, zvisinei kubvisa kuredza kweIUU kuchabatsira mukurwisa kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunoitwa mugungwa.

IUU kubata hove idambudziko repasi rose, rinoitika munzvimbo dzese huru dzepasi uye pane kushomeka kwakanyanya kwezvishandiso zvekusimbisa kuti zvitarise. Ruzivo nezvezvikepe zveIUU zvinozivikanwa hazviwanzo kugovaniswa pakati peUS nehurumende dzekunze, zvichiita kuti zvinyanye kunetsa kuziva zviri pamutemo uye kuranga vane mhosva. Inopfuura hafu yehove dzemugungwa (57.4%) dzinoshandiswa zvakazara zvinoreva kuti kunyangwe mamwe matura akadzivirirwa zviri pamutemo, mashandiro eIUU achiri kukanganisa kukwanisa kwemamwe marudzi kugadzikana.

HR 774's Solution

"Kusimbisa nzira dzekumanikidza kumisa hove zvisiri pamutemo, zvisina kutaurwa, uye zvisiri pamutemo, kugadzirisa iyo Tuna Conventions Act ye1950 kuti iite iyo Antigua Convention, uye nezvimwe zvinangwa."

HR 774 inokurudzira kuomesera mapurisa ekuredza kweIUU. Ichasimbisa masimba ekumanikidza eUS Coast Guard uye yeNational Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Bhiri rinopa mitemo nemirairo yekusimbisa zvibvumirano zvechikepe, kukwira uye kutsvaga zvikepe, kuramba chiteshi, nezvimwewo. Ichabatsira kusimudzira indasitiri ine mutoro uye kuchengetedza kwekudya kwegungwa nekubvisa zvigadzirwa zvisiri pamutemo kubva mumaketani ekutengesa kwegungwa. Bhiri iri rine donzvo zvakare rekuwedzera hurongwa hwekutarisa ngarava dzekunze dziri kunze kwemutemo kuburikidza nekuwedzera ruzivo nehurumende dzekunze. Kuwedzera kujeka uye kurongeka kuchabatsira zviremera zvakawanda kuona uye kuranga nyika dzisingaenderane nemirau yekubata hove. Bhiri iri rinobvumidzawo kusimudzirwa nekugovaniswa kweruzhinji rwezvikepe zvinozivikanwa zviri kutora chikamu muIUU.

HR 774 inogadzirisa zvibvumirano zviviri zvepasi rose kuti zvibvumire kuita zvirinani mitemo uye zvirango zvekongiri zvekuredza IUU. Bhiri iri rinodaidzira kuti paumbwe komiti yakagadzwa yeScientific Advisory Subcommittee sechikamu cheAntigua Convention ya2003, chibvumirano chakasainwa neUS neCuba kuti chisimbise kuchengetedzwa pamwe nekufambiswa kwehove dzehove dze tunas nedzimwe mhuka dzinotorwa nengarava dzekuredza tuna kumabvazuva kwePacific Ocean. HR 774 inogadzawo zvirango zvehurumende uye zvemhosva kune ngarava dzinowanikwa dzichityora Chibvumirano. Chekupedzisira, bhiri iri rinogadzirisa Zvibvumirano zvePort State Measures zve2009 kuti ishandise masimba eCoast Guard uye NOAA nesimba rekuramba ngarava dzepasirese uye "dzakanyorwa" ngarava kupinda uye masevhisi kana vakaita muIUU hove.

Mushure mekuunzwa muna Kukadzi 2015, HR 774 yakapfuudzwa neImba yeVamiriri, yakabvumidzwa nemvumo yakabvumirana (chiitiko chisingawanzo) neSeneti, uye yakasainwa kuva mutemo neMutungamiri Obama musi weChina, Mbudzi 5, 2015.

Mufananidzo: Vashandi veCoast Guard Cutter Rush vanoperekedza chikepe chehove chinonzi Da Cheng muNorth Pacific Ocean musi wa14 Nyamavhuvhu 2012. Mufananidzo Credit: US Coast Guard
Yese data yakatorwa kubva kune anotevera masosi:
Fishwise. (2014, Kurume). Yakatengeswa II - Chidimbu Yakagadziridzwa yeHuman Rights Abuses muIndasitiri yeSeafood.