Ita Inzwi Rako Rinzwike & Dzivirira Yedu Marine National Monuments

Nepo vanhu vekuAmerica vaipemberera Mwedzi weNational Ocean muna Chikumi uye vakapedza chirimo pamvura kana pedyo nemvura, Dhipatimendi reCommerce rakatanga kukumbira veruzhinji kuti vatarise nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika dzakanyanya kukosha dzekuchengetedza gungwa. Ongororo iyi inogona kutungamira mukuderedzwa kwehukuru hwe11 yenzvimbo dzedu dzemugungwa uye zviyeuchidzo. Yakarairwa neMutungamiri Trump, ongororo iyi ichatarisa kudomwa uye kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzemugungwa uye zviyeuchidzo zvemugungwa kubvira Kubvumbi 28, 2007.

Kubva kuNew England kuenda kuCalifornia, anenge 425,000,000 maeka epasi, mvura, uye mahombekombe ari panjodzi.

National Marine Monuments uye National Marine Sanctuaries zvakafanana pakuti idzo dzose inzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa mugungwa. Zvisinei, pane misiyano pakuti nzvimbo tsvene nezviyeuchidzo zvinosarudzwa sei uye mitemo yazvinogadzwa pasi payo. National Marine Monuments inowanzo tungamirirwa nehuwandu hwemasangano ehurumende, seNational Oceanic uye Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), kana Dhipatimendi remukati, somuenzaniso. National Marine Sanctuaries inosarudzwa neNOAA kana Congress uye inotungamirirwa neNOAA.

Marine National Monument Program uye The National Marine Sanctuary Program inoyedza kunzwisisa nekuchengetedza zviwanikwa uye zvetsika kuburikidza nebudiriro mukuongorora, tsvakiridzo yesainzi, uye dzidzo yeruzhinji maererano nekukosha kwenzvimbo idzi. Nechiyeuchidzo kana nzvimbo tsvene, nharaunda idzi dzemugungwa dzinowana mbiri yepamusoro uye kuchengetedzwa. Marine National Monument Program uye The National Marine Sanctuary Programme inodyidzana nemubatanidzwa nedunhu vane chekuita uye vanodyidzana kuitira kuchengetedza zvakanyanya zviwanikwa zvemugungwa munzvimbo idzi. Pakazara, kune dzakatenderedza 130 nzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa muUS dzakanyorwa sezviyeuchidzo zvenyika. Zvisinei, zhinjisa dzeidzodzi zviyeuchidzo zvepanyika. Mutungamiri neCongress vanokwanisa kumisa chiyeuchidzo chenyika. Kana dziri gumi nenhatu National Marine Sanctuaries, idzo dzakavambwa neMutungamiriri, Congress, kana Munyori weDhipatimendi reCommerce. Veruzhinji vanokwanisa kudoma nzvimbo dzekuti nzvimbo tsvene dzitariswe.

Vashoma veVatungamiri vedu vekare kubva kumapato ese ezvematongerwo enyika vakapa dziviriro kune dzakasiyana tsika, nhoroondo, uye nzvimbo dzemugungwa dzemugungwa. Muna Chikumi wa2006, Mutungamiri George W. Bush vakadoma Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument. Bush akatungamira mutsva wekuchengetedza mugungwa. Pasi pekutonga kwake, nzvimbo tsvene mbiri dzakawedzerwawo: Channel Islands neMonterey Bay muCalifornia. Mutungamiri Obama vakawedzera nzvimbo dzinoera: Cordell Bank neGreater Farallones muCalifornia, Thunder Bay muMichigan uye National Marine Sanctuary yeAmerican Samoa. Vasati vasiya chigaro, Obama haana kungowedzera zviyeuchidzo zvePapahānaumokuākea nePacific Remote Islands, asi zvakare akagadzira yekutanga National Marine Monument muAtlantic Ocean munaGunyana 2016: Northeast Canyons uye Seamounts.

Soldierfish | Baker Island

The Northeast Canyons uye Seamounts Marine National Monument, iri 4,913 square mamaira, uye ine canyons, korals, kuputika kwemakomo, ari mungozi yekutsakatika urume whale, gungwa turtles, uye mamwe marudzi asingawanzo kuwanikwa kune imwe nzvimbo. Nzvimbo iyi haishandiswe nekuredza, kuchera migodhi, kana kuchera. MuPacific, zviyeuchidzo zvina, Mariana's Trench, Pacific Remote Islands, Rose Atoll, uye Papahānaumokuākea inotenderedza 330,000 square mamaira emvura. Kana dziri nzvimbo dzemugungwa, iyo National Marine Sanctuary System inopfuura 783,000 square mamaira.

Chimwe chezvikonzero zvakawanda nei zviyeuchidzo izvi zvakakosha ndezvekuti vanoita se "dziva dzakadzivirirwa dzekusimba”. Sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze ichiwedzera kuva dambudziko rinonyanya kunetsa, zvichave zvakakosha kuve nematanho akachengetedzwa aya. Nekumisikidza zviyeuchidzo zvenyika, US iri kuchengetedza nzvimbo idzi dzine hanya nemamiriro ekunze. Uye kuchengetedza nzvimbo idzi kunotumira meseji yekuti kana isu tichichengetedza gungwa, tinochengetedza chengetedzo yedu yechikafu, hupfumi hwedu, nhandaro yedu, nharaunda dzedu dzemahombekombe, nezvimwe.

Tarisa pazasi mimwe mienzaniso yakasarudzika yemapaki ebhuruu eAmerica ari kutyisidzirwa neongororo iyi. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha, tumira mhinduro dzako nhasi uye kudzivirira pfuma yedu yepasi pemvura. Mhinduro dzinofanirwa kusvika Nyamavhuvhu 15.

Papahānaumokuākea

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Ichi chiyeuchidzo chiri kure ndechimwe chezvakakura pasi rose - zvinosanganisira 583,000 square mamaira ePacific Ocean. Makuru emakorari anokwezva marudzi anopfuura 7,000 XNUMX emugungwa akadai segirini turtle iri kutyisidzirwa uye Hawaiian monk seal.
Northeast Canyons uye Seamounts

Inotambanudza inosvika mazana mana nemakumi mapfumbamwe emakiromita mamaira - isina kukura kupfuura iyo Connecticut - ichi chivakwa chine tambo yepasi pemvura canyons. Imba yemazana emakore ekare ekorari seyakadzika-gungwa dema korari inotangira makore 4,900.
Channel Islands

Iri pedyo nemhenderekedzo yeCalifornia kune pfuma yekuchera matongo izere nenhoroondo yakadzika yegungwa uye zvakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu. Iyi nzvimbo yegungwa ndeimwe yemapaki ekare ebhuruu, anofukidza 1,490 mamaira emvura emvura - achipa nzvimbo dzekudyisa mhuka dzesango dzakadai segrey whale.

Mifananidzo Credits: NOAA, US Hove uye Wildlife Services, Wikipedia