MMPA uye Dire Harm

Kwemakore makumi maviri nehafu apfuura, ndakatsaurira simba rangu kugungwa, kuhupenyu huri mukati, uye kune vanhu vazhinji vanozvipirawo kusimudzira nhaka yedu yegungwa. Rakawanda rebasa randakaita rinotenderedza Marine Mammal Protection Act pamusoro peiyo Ndakambonyora.

Makore makumi mana nemashanu apfuura, Mutungamiri Nixon akasaina Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) kuita mutemo uye saka akatanga nyaya itsva yehukama hweAmerica nemawhale, ma dolphin, dugongs, manatees, polar bear, sea otters, walrus, shumba dzegungwa, uye zvisimbiso. zvemarudzi ose. Haisi nyaya yakakwana. Haasi marudzi ese aripo mumvura yeAmerica ari kupora. Asi vakawanda vari muchimiro chiri nani zvikuru kupfuura zvavaiva muna 1972, uye zvinotokosha zvikuru, mumakumi amakore apfuura takadzidza zvakawanda zvikuru pamusoro pevavakidzani vedu vomugungwa—simba resonganiro dzemhuri dzavo, nzira dzavo dzokutama, nzvimbo dzavo dzokuberekera, basa ravo mukuita kuti varasikirwe. dandemutande rehupenyu, uye mupiro wavo mukutorwa kwekabhoni munyanza.

Gungwa Shumba pup muBig Sur, California. Chikwereti: Kace Rodriguez @ Unsplash

Takadzidzawo pamusoro pesimba rekupora uye kuwedzera kusingatarisirwi kwenjodzi. MMPA yaiitirwa kubvumira mamaneja edu emhuka dzesango kuti vatarise nezvese ecosystem — ese marudzi enzvimbo ekugara anodiwa nemhuka dzemugungwa munguva yehupenyu hwadzo — nzvimbo dzekudyisa, nzvimbo dzekuzororera, nzvimbo dzekurera vana vadzo. Zvinoita sezviri nyore, asi hazvisi. Pane nguva dzose mibvunzo inoda kupindurwa.

Zvizhinji zvezvipenyu zvinofamba-famba-mawhale anoimba muHawaii munguva yechando anokurudzira vatashanyi munzvimbo dzavo dzekudya muzhizha muAlaska. Vakachengeteka zvakadini munzira yavo? Mamwe marudzi anoda nzvimbo panyika uye mugungwa nokuda kwokutama kwawo nezvinodikanwa zvawo—mapere, ma<em>walrus, uye mamwe. Budiriro kana chimwe chiitiko chatadzisa kuwana kwavo?

Ndanga ndichifunga zvakawanda nezveMMPA nekuti inomiririra kumwe kufunga kwedu kwepamusoro-soro nezvehukama hwevanhu nenyanza. Inoremekedza izvo zvisikwa zvinovimba nemvura yakachena yegungwa ine hutano, mahombekombe, uye nzvimbo dzemahombekombe, ichibvumira zviitiko zvevanhu kuti zvienderere mberi-sekufamba zvishoma nezvishoma munzvimbo yechikoro. Inokoshesa zviwanikwa zveAmerica uye inovavarira kuona kuti nhaka yedu yakafanana, midziyo yedu yese, haikuvadzwe kuitira pundutso yevanhu. Inogadzira nzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa asi gungwa rakaoma uye ndizvo zvinodiwa zvehupenyu mukati-sezvakangoita nharaunda dzedu dzevanhu dzakaoma kunzwisisa, uye ndizvo zviri kuita zvinodiwa nehupenyu mukati.

Asi, kune avo vanotarisa kuMMPA uye vanoti icho chipingamupinyi kuita purofiti, kuti harisi basa rehurumende kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zveveruzhinji, kuti kuchengetedzwa kwezvido zvevanhu kunogona kusiiwa kumakambani akazvimirira nekuzvipira kunonzwisisika kuita purofiti kupfuura zvese. zvimwe. Ava ndivo vanhu vanoratidzika kuva vakaomerera kuchitendero chekare chokuti zviwanikwa zvegungwa hazviperi—pasinei nezviyeuchidzo zvisingaperi zvinopesana. Ava ndivo vanhu vanoita sevanodavira kuti mabasa matsva akasiyana-siyana anogadzirwa nekuwedzera kwezvipfuyo zvemugungwa haasi echokwadi; Mhepo yakachena nemvura hazvina kubatsira nzanga kubudirira; uye kuti mamiriyoni eAmerica anokoshesa mhuka dzavo dzomugungwa sechikamu chenhaka yedu yakafanana uye nhaka yedu kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.

Vanhu vanoshandisa mazwi akakosha pavanenge vachikanganisa kugona kweveruzhinji kuziva mafambiro ezviwanikwa zveveruzhinji. Vanotaura nezvekugadzirisa-izvo zvinogara zvichireva kusvetuka nhanho kana kupfupisa nguva yekutarisa zvingangoitika zvezvavanoda kuita. Mukana wekuti veruzhinji vaongorore uye vapewo pfungwa dzavo. Mukana wekuti vanopikisa vanzwikwe. Vanotaura nezvekurerutsa izvo zvinowanzoreva kusvetuka zvinodiwa kuti vatore matanho ekuona kuti zvavanoda kuita hazvizokonzerese VASATI vatanga kuzviita. Vanotaura nezve kurongeka kana zvavanoreva ndezvekuti vanoda kuwedzera purofiti yavo pamutero wemutero. Vanovhiringa nemaune pfungwa yakakosha yekodzero dzezvivakwa nechishuwo chavo chekubikisa zviwanikwa zvedu zveveruzhinji kuti vazviwane ivo pachavo. Vanodaidza nzvimbo yekutamba kune vese vashandisi vegungwa - uye zvakadaro nzvimbo yekutamba yechokwadi inofanirwa kufunga nezve avo vanoda gungwa kwehupenyu uye avo vanongoda kushandisa zviwanikwa zviri pasi.

Pane zvikumbiro paCapitol Hill uye mumasangano akasiyana siyana, kusanganisira Dhipatimendi reMagetsi, izvo zvinomisa zvachose kugona kweveruzhinji kuyera maindasitiri egungwa redu. Nyika, masangano emubatanidzwa, uye nharaunda dzemahombekombe vangarasikirwa nekugona kwavo kuteedzera mutemo, kuderedza njodzi yavo, kana kugamuchira mugove wavo wemuripo wekubvumira makambani akazvimirira kuti abatsirwe kubva kune veruzhinji. Pane zvikumbiro zvinobvisa makambani aya kubva pamhosva uye kukoshesa mabasa avo eindasitiri kupfuura mamwe mabasa ese — kushanya, kuona whale, kuredza hove, kukwiza kumahombekombe, kushambira, kufamba nechikepe, zvichingodaro.

Zviripachena, hapana kushomeka kwebasa kune chero wedu, kusanganisira vandinoshanda navo, The Ocean Foundation nharaunda, uye avo vane hanya. Uye, hazvisi izvo zvandinofunga kuti MPA yakakwana. Yakanga isingafungidzire mhando dzeshanduko dzakakosha mukupisa kwegungwa, kemisitiri yegungwa, uye kudzika kwegungwa izvo zvinogona kukonzeresa kukakavara uko kwakanga kusina kare. Yakanga isingatarisire kuwedzera kunoshamisa kwekufambisa kwengarava, uye kukakavara kwaigona kuzomuka kubva kune ngarava dzakakura dzine zviteshi zvakakura uye zvidiki zvidiki. Yakanga isingafungiri kuwedzera kunoshamisa kweruzha rwevanhu mugungwa. Iyo MMPA yakaratidza kuve inochinjika, zvisinei- yakabatsira nharaunda kusiyanisa hupfumi hwavo nenzira dzisingatarisirwe. Yakabatsira huwandu hwemhuka dzemugungwa dzichidzoka. Yakapa chikuva chekugadzira matekinoroji matsva kuitira kuti zviitiko zvevanhu zviise njodzi shoma.

Zvimwe zvinonyanya kukosha, iyo MMPA inoratidza kuti America ndiyo yekutanga mukuchengetedza mhuka dzemugungwa-uye dzimwe nyika dzakateera kutungamira kwedu nekugadzira nzira yakachengeteka, kana nzvimbo dzakakosha, kana kudzikisira kukohwa kwakashata kwakakanganisa kupona kwavo. Uye isu takakwanisa kuita kudaro uye tichiri kukura kwehupfumi uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvehuwandu hwevanhu. Sezvo isu tichitamburira kuvaka patsva huwandu hweNorth Atlantic right whales kana maBelugas eCook Inlet, uye sezvatinoshanda kugadzirisa kufa kusingatsananguriki kwemhuka dzemugungwa kubva kumahombekombe uye mamwe masosi evanhu, tinogona kumira pamisimboti iyi yekudzivirira zviwanikwa zvedu zveveruzhinji. zvizvarwa zvinotevera.