Kurara nemuvengi - kana tikasadzidza kurarama nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze takaparadzwa!

NaNirmal Jivan Shah weNature Seychelles uye TOF Advisory Board Member
ichi Blog yakatanga kuonekwa muInternational Coalition of Tourism Partners Nhengo Nhau

Ndiyo nyaya hombe yehupenyu hwedu - ngano ye epic zviyero. Chirongwa kusvika zvino: Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kutikanganisa sei uye tinorarama sei?

Iko hakuna gakava mumatunhu akaita seSeychelles kuti shanduko yemamiriro ekunze iri kuitika. Asi, nyaya ndeyekuti isu tinonetsana sei ne500 kilo gorilla iri mumba? Masayendisiti, vanogadzira mitemo uye maNGOs vese vanobvumirana kuti kune nzira mbiri chete dzekurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Imwe inozivikanwa sekudzikisa izvo zvinoreva marongero uye matanho akagadzirirwa kudzikisa kuburitswa kweGreen House Gasi. Imwe yacho ndeyekugadzirisa kunosanganisira kugadziridzwa kana shanduko muzvisarudzo, zvingave padanho renyika, remunharaunda kana remunhu rinowedzera kusimba kana kuderedza kusagadzikana kwekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Semuyenzaniso, kutamisa migwagwa uye zvivakwa zvakare mukati menyika kubva kumahombekombe kuti zvideredze njodzi yekunaya kwedutu uye kusimuka kwegungwa mienzaniso yekuchinja chaiko. Kwatiri muSeychelles kuchinjika ndiyo yega mhinduro yatinogona kushanda nayo.

Vanhu Vane Mhosva

Mumakore makumi maviri apfuura maSeychelles akasangana nemadutu emvura, kunaya kwemvura, mafashama, mvura yegungwa inopisa, El Nino naEl Nina. Iye murume anocheka huswa hwangu, seSeychellois yese, anga achinyatsoziva izvi. Anenge makore gumi apfuura, mushure mekunyangarika kwechinguva kutaridzika kwake kwemuenzi mubindu rangu kwakatsanangurwa na 'Chief, El Nino pe don mon poum' (Boss, El Nino ari kundipa matambudziko). Zvakadaro komedhi inogona kushanduka kuita nhamo. Muna 20 uye muna 10 kunaya kweEl Nino kwakakonzera njodzi dzakakonzera kukanganisa kunofungidzirwa kunosvika 1997 kusvika 1998 miriyoni Rupee.

Idzi dzinonzi njodzi, kazhinji, dzine midzi yadzo mune rumwe rudzi rwevanhu vanotenda kuti vanoziva zviri nani kupfuura vamwe vese. Ava ndivo vanhu vanodimburira pakuvaka, vanohwanda kubva kune vanoronga zvinhu uye vanonyomba mainjiniya. Vanocheka mujinga mezvikomo, vanobvisa utsi, vanobvisa chifukidziro chezvinomera, vanovaka madziro pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa, vanotorazve madhaka uye vanobatidza moto usingadzoreki. Chinowanzoitika injodzi: kudonha kwevhu, kudonha kwematombo, mafashamo, kurasikirwa kwemahombekombe, kupiswa kwemasango uye kuparara kwezvivakwa. Havasati vachingoshandisa zvisizvo mhoteredzo bedzi asi pakupedzisira ivo vamene navamwe. Muzviitiko zvakawanda iHurumende, masangano anobatsira uye makambani einishuwarenzi anofanirwa kutora tebhu.

Bye Bye Beaches

Shamwari yepamoyo ine shungu yekutengesa izvo vanhu vazhinji vangati senzvimbo yepamusoro yemahombekombe egungwa. Aona mafambiro emvura nemafungu achichinja kwemakore akati wandei uye anotenda kuti pfuma yake iri munjodzi huru yekuwira mugungwa.

Wese munhu anorangarira kurova kwedutu kunoshamisa kwakarova zvimwe zvitsuwa zvedu gore rapfuura. Mubhuku rakabudiswa neWorld Bank neSeychelles Government muna 1995 ndakanga ndafanotaura kuti mafambiro edutu uye kukura kwemahombekombe kwaizobonderana. "Kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kungangowedzera kukanganisa kwekusimudzira kusingagadzirisike kwenzvimbo dzemahombekombe nezviwanikwa. Nekudaro, izvi zvinokanganisa zvichawedzera kusadzivirirwa kwenzvimbo dzemahombekombe mukushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukwira kwegungwa kwakabatana. ”

Asi handizvo zvoga! Kukanganisa kwakaipisisa kwegore rapfuura kwakaonekwa munzvimbo dzakaiswa zvivakwa padutu rejecha kana maberms. Izvi zvinosanganisira migwagwa yakaita seAnse a la Mouche apo mamwe mativi ari padune nyika, uye zvivakwa nemadziro zvakaita seizvo zviri kuBeau Vallon zvakavakwa pamhenderekedzo yakaoma. Takazviisa munzira yemasimba asina anogona kudzora. Zvakanakisa zvatingaite kuronga zviitiko zvitsva zvinoenderana neiyo ine mukurumbira set-back line yatinogara tichitaura nezvayo asi vashoma vanoremekedza.

Totaura zvekudikitira mwana...

Iwe hauna kukanganisa kana iwe uchinzwa kuti uri kudikitira kupfuura nguva dzose. Vesainzi vave kuratidza kuti kudziya kwepasi kuri kukonzera kuti mwando uwedzere uye vanhu vadikitira zvakanyanya. Kudziya kwe tembiricha uye hunyoro hwepamusoro huchave nekukanganisa hutano nekugara zvakanaka kwevanhu pamwe nemhuka dzesango. Vanhu vakura vachange vari panjodzi. Vashanyi vanogona kuwana mamiriro eSeychelles asina kugadzikana kana kugara pamba nekuti kwave kutonhora.

Chidzidzo chitsva chakaburitswa mupepanhau rine mukurumbira Nature inoratidza kuti panosvika 2027 Seychelles ichapinda munzvimbo inopisa yekupisa isina kumbobvira yaitika. Mune mamwe mazwi gore rinotonhora zvakanyanya muSeychelles mushure me2027 richadziya kupfuura gore rinopisa kwazvo rakamboitika mumakore zana nemakumi mashanu apfuura. Vanyori vechidzidzo ichi vanotaura nezvenzvimbo iyi se "kusimuka kwemamiriro ekunze."

Isu tinofanirwa kutanga kujairana neSeychelles inopisa nekugadzirazve zvivakwa. Zvivakwa zvitsva nedzimba dzinoda kugadzirwa kuti dzitonhore nekutora “green architecture”. Solar powered mafeni uye air-conditioning zvinofanirwa kuve zvakajairwa muzvivakwa zvekare. Zvechokwadi, tinofanira kunge tichitsvaga miti inogona kutonhodza nzvimbo dzemumaguta nekukurumidza kuburikidza nemumvuri uye nemhepo.

Izwi reF

Izwi raF pakadai iChikafu. Ndinoda kukurukura nezvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze uye kushomeka kwechikafu kuri kuuya. Seychelles iri pekupedzisira muAfrica maererano nekudyara mukurima. Yakaiswa pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu anosuruvarisa aya inouya shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Mamiriro ekunze akaipa akanganisa zvikuru zvekurima muSeychelles. Mvura inonaya nguva nenguva inokuvadza mapurazi uye kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu kunokonzera kukundikana uye kuomerwa. Kuwanda nekuparadzirwa kwezvipembenene kuri kuwedzera nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura yakawanda uye kuwedzera hunyoro uye tembiricha.

Seychelles zvakare ine yakakura pamunhu kabhoni tsoka muAfrica. Chikamu chakanaka cheizvi chinobva mukutsamira kwakasimba pazvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinosanganisira chikamu chikuru chezvekudya. Nzira itsva dzekugadzira kudya kwakakodzera-kurima kunodiwa kuvaka kugarisana uye kusimba kwezvakatipoteredza. Isu tinofanirwa kutora zvekurima kupfuura mapurazi echinyakare toita kuti vanhu vese vatarisirwe kuitira kuti tive nehurongwa hwenyika hwekugadzira chikafu chehungwaru. Tinofanira kushingaira kutsigira kurima gadheni kwemhuri uye munharaunda munyika yose uye kudzidzisa maitiro emamiriro ekunze-akachenjera uye eco-agriculture. Imwe yemafungiro andakaparadzira ndeye "edible landscaping" iyo inogoneka munzvimbo dzedu dzese dzemudhorobha.

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuri kundirwarisa

Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kuwedzera kutyisidzira kweChikungunya, Dengue nezvimwe zvirwere zvinoparadzirwa nehumhutu nenzira dzakawanda. Imwe nzira iri kupfurikidza nokuwedzera tembiricha umo zvirwere zvakawanda nouhutu zvinokura, uye imwe kupfurikidza nokuchinja nzira yokunaya kwemvura kuitira kuti mvura yakawanda iwanike mumhoteredzo kuti umhutu hubereke.

Vakuru vehutano vakakurudzira kuti mutemo wekudzivirira umhutu udzikwe uye utevedzwe zvakasimba semuSingapore neMalaysia. Izvi pamwe nemamwe matanho anobva anyanya kukurumidza sezvo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze inogona kukonzera kukura kweumhutu.

Veruzhinji vane basa rakakosha rekuona kuti nzvimbo dzinoberekera humhutu dzapera. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha munguva dzino dzakaoma dzehupfumi apo maitiro ekugadzirisa maitiro uye mararamiro emagariro anotanga kupera pasi pekutambudzika.

Gadzirisa Usaita

Kugadzirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunogona kuponesa hupenyu, asi kuti tichengetedze raramo tinofanirawo kubatsira vanhu kuti vasanyanya kutambudzika uye vakwanise kusimba. Parizvino vese Seychellois vane tariro vanoziva nezve kugadzirira njodzi. Masangano ehurumende nemaNGO akaita seRed Cross vese vanga vachikurukura nezvehurongwa hwenjodzi. Asi, njodzi yakaitika mushure meCyclone Felleng inoratidza kuti vanhu nezvivakwa hazvina kusimba zvakakwana kuti zvigadzirise zviitiko zvakadaro.

Matambudziko ari kuwedzera sezvo vanhu vakawanda uye zvivakwa zvinodhura zvakatangwa munzvimbo dzemahombekombe. Kukuvadzwa nedutu kunodhura nekuti dzimba nezvivakwa zvakakura, zvakawanda uye zvine humbowo kupfuura kare.

Homwe yeNational Disaster Relief Fund, yandiri nhengo yayo, yakakwanisa kubatsira mhuri dzakawanda dzinoshaya dzakawirwa nedambudziko rekunaya kwemvura kuFelleng. Asi zvimwe zviitiko zvakaita seFelleng zvichaitika mune ramangwana. Mhuri dzimwe chetedzo dzichararama sei?

Pane mhinduro dzakawanda asi tinogona kutarisa pane shoma. Isu tinoziva kubva pane zvakaitika kuti mitemo yeinishuwarenzi, macode ekuvaka, uye mabasa einjiniya akadai sedhiraivha zvaive zvinhu zvakakosha zvakapesvedzera mabatiro atakaita mutengo wedutu uye kukuvara kwemafashama zvichitevera zviitiko zvedutu. Vanhu vazhinji vanoita kunge vasina inishuwarenzi yemafashama uye ruzhinji rwakavaka dzimba dzisina kukwana mvura yemadutu, semuenzaniso. Idzi ndidzo nyaya dzakakosha dzinofanirwa kutariswa uye kuvandudzwa sezvo kuvandudza kunogona kurerutsa kutambura kwakawanda mune ramangwana.

Flight Not Fight

Izvo hazvina musoro: kutarisa kuPort Victoria uye mumwe anobva aona kuti tinogona kunge takatorasikirwa nehondo yekurwisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze. Chiteshi chekutengesa nehove, chevarindi vemahombekombe, moto uye masevhisi ekukurumidzira, kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, uye madhipatimendi emafuta echikafu nesimende zvese zviri munzvimbo inogona kutakura dambudziko rekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Kunyangwe nhandare yendege yeSeychelles International yakavakirwa panzvimbo yakaderera yakadzoserwa, kunyangwe iyi yaive panguva iyo shanduko yemamiriro ekunze yaive isiri kana pfungwa.

Idzi nzvimbo dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzine mukana wekusangana nekukwira kwegungwa, madutu nemafashama. Izvo zvinonzi nenyanzvi dzekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze "retreat sarudzo" zvingave zvakakodzera kutarisa kune zvimwe zveizvi. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzemasevhisi ekukurumidzira, chikafu nekuchengetedza mafuta uye kugadzirwa kwesimba kunofanirwa kunge kuri kwekutanga nhaurirano dzehurongwa hweramangwana renyika.

Ndakakuvimbisa Bindu reCoral

Muna 1998, maSeychelles akasangana nechiitiko chekupisa kwekorari nekuda kwekuwedzera tembiricha yemugungwa, izvo zvakazokonzera kudonha nekufa kwemakorari mazhinji. Makorari emakungwa inzvimbo dzakanyanya kukosha dzezvipenyu zvemugungwa uye nzvimbo dzekuberekera hove nedzimwe mhuka dzinotsamira pahupfumi hweSeychelles. Matombo anoitawo semutsetse wekutanga wekudzivirira kubva pakukwira kwemakungwa.

Pasina hutano hwecoral reef, maSeychelles angarasikirwa nemari yakakosha ine chekuita nekushanya nekubata hove uye inogona kuwedzera kusadzivirirwa kwenjodzi dzinodhura uye njodzi dzine chekuita nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze.

Iyo inonyanya kunakidza uye inogadziridza mhinduro munguva pfupi yapfuura ndeye Reef Rescuer chirongwa chiri kuitwa kutenderedza Praslin neCousin zvitsuwa. Iyi ipurojekiti huru yekutanga pasi rose yerudzi rwayo uchishandisa nzira ye“coral reef gardening”. Chirongwa chekudzoreredza hachidi "kudzosa wachi" asi chinangwa chekuvaka matombo anokwanisa kushingirira kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunyanya kupisa.

Usave Nekwawakarerekera pamusoro peKushanduka Kwemamiriro ekunze – Iva neCarbon Neutral

Makore mashoma apfuura kwakave nekushatirwa munharaunda pamusoro pechinyorwa chaive mupepanhau reGerman chaive chakanzi "Sylt, kwete Seychelles." Bepanhau iri raikurudzira vanhu vakapfuma vekuGermany kuti vasabhururuke kuenda kunzvimbo refu dzakaita seSeychelles asi kuti vaende kuzororo kunzvimbo dziri pedyo sechitsuwa cheSylt nekuda kwekupisa kuri kuita kupisa kwepasi kuri kukonzerwa nekufamba nzendo refu.

Bepa resainzi rakanyorwa naProfessor Gossling vanobva kuSweden rinopa kuverenga kunoratidza kuti kushanya kweSeychelles kunogadzira nzvimbo yakakura yezvakatipoteredza. Mhedziso ndeyokuti kushanya muSeychelles hakugoni kunzi kune hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza kana kugadzikana kwezvakatipoteredza. Aya inhau dzakaipa nekuti ruzhinji rwevashanyi kuSeychelles ndevekuEurope vanoziva kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza.

Kuendesa rwendo rusina mhosva kuenda kuCousin Island Special Reserve Nature Seychelles yakashandura Cousin kuita chitsuwa chekutanga kabhoni isina kwayakarerekera pasirese uye nzvimbo yekuchengetedza nekutenga makiredhiti ekabhoni mumapurojekiti akatenderwa ekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze. Ndakatanga chirongwa ichi chinonakidza paSeychelles Tourism Expo yekutanga pamberi peMutungamiri Mr. James Alix Michel, Mr. Alain St.Ange nevamwe. Zvimwe zvitsuwa muSeychelles, zvakaita seLa Digue, zvino zvinogona kudzika pasi nekabhoni isina kwayakarerekera nzira.

Mari Yakarasika Asi Social Capital Yakawana

"Fakitori yetuna yakavharwa uye ndinoda basa". Magda, mumwe wevavakidzani vangu, aitaura nezvefekitari yeIndian Ocean Tuna yakavharwa kwenguva pfupi muna 1998. Seychelles Breweries yakavharawo kugadzira kwenguva yakati. Gore iroro, mvura yaipisa pamusoro peIndia Ocean yakakonzera kuchena kukuru kwekorari uye shanduko inoshamisa mukuwanikwa kwetuna kuzvikepe zvekuredza. Kusanaya kwemvura kwenguva refu kwakatevera kwakakonzera kuvharwa kwechinguvana kwemaindasitiri uye kurasikirwa kwemari muchikamu chedive based tourism. Mvura zhinji isina kujairika iyo yakazouya gare gare yakakonzera kuyerera kwevhu nemafashamo makuru.

Muna 2003, chimwe chiitiko chemamiriro ekunze chaive nechamupupuri chakaparadza zvitsuwa zvePraslin, Curieuse, Cousin uye Cousine. Mari yemagariro nehupfumi yaive yakakomba zvekuti yakaunza timu kubva kuUnited Nations Environment Programme kuti iongorore kukanganisa. Tsunami haina kukonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze asi munhu anogona kufunga zviri nyore masaisai akafanana anokonzerwa nekusangana kwekukwira kwegungwa, mafashamu emvura uye mafungu emvura. Kukanganisa kwakaita tsunami nemvura yakanaya zvakazokonzera kukanganisa kunosvika mamiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora ekuAmerica.

Nhau dzakaipa dzinodzikisirwa nehupfumi hwakanaka hwemagariro munyika. Ongororo yekupayona neBritish neAmerica vaongorori yakaratidza kuti Seychelles, yenyika dzese dziri mudunhu, inogona kunge iine hunyanzvi hwemagariro nehupfumi hwekugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Kuenzaniswa neKenya neTanzania uko kubata hove, kusvibiswa kwemakorari, kusvibiswa uye zvichingodaro kuri kusundira vanhu pasi pemusungo wehurombo, indekisi yepamusoro yekusimudzira vanhu muSeychelles inoreva kuti vanhu vanogona kuwana tekinoroji nedzimwe mhinduro kudambudziko.

Vanhu Simba

Mutungamiri James Michel vataura kuti veruzhinji vanofanirwa kugovana varidzi venzvimbo dzemahombekombe. Mutungamiri wenyika vakataura chirevo ichi chakakosha muna 2011 panguva yekushanya kwavo kunzvimbo dzemahombekombe dzinowanzokukurwa. Mutungamiri wenyika vakati veruzhinji havagone kuvimba nehurumende kuita zvese. Ndinotenda ichi ndicho chimwe chezvakakosha zvirevo zvemitemo nezvezvakatipoteredza mumakore makumi matatu apfuura.

Munguva yakapfuura, mutemo muSeychelles uye maitiro evamwe vakuru vehurumende pamusoro pekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye zvimwe zvinonetsa kwezvakatipoteredza zvakasiya vagari nemapoka vakamboiswa parutivi kana zvasvika pakuita chaiko kugadzirisa. Mamwe mapoka evagari vemo chete akakwanisa kupaza kuti ape mhedzisiro yakabudirira.

Iko zvino yakasimbiswa mumatunhu enyika kuti "simba revanhu" riri pamwoyo wekuedza kukunda kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. European Environment Agency, somuenzaniso, yakataura kuti “basa racho iguru kwazvo, uye nguva yacho yakaoma zvokuti hatichagoni kumirira kuti hurumende dziite chimwe chinhu.”

Saka mhinduro yekuchinjira kumamiriro ekunze iri mumaoko evazhinji vanoumba ruzhinji kwete vashoma vari muhurumende. Asi chaizvoizvo izvi zvingaitwa sei? Simba rinogona kupihwa here kubva kuBazi rinotungamira kumasangano emasangano akazvimirira uye mutemo unopa "simba revanhu?"

Hongu, zvose zviripo. Chinyorwa 40 (e) cheSeychelles Constitution chinoti "Iri ibasa rakakosha reSeychellois yese kuchengetedza, kuchengetedza nekuvandudza nharaunda." Izvi zvinopa kodzero yepamutemo yakasimba yekuti vemasangano akazvimirira vave mutevedzeri mukuru.

Nirmal Jivan Shah weNature Seychelles, anozivikanwa uye anoremekedzwa wezvemamiriro ekunze muSeychelles akaburitsa chinyorwa ichi mubepanhau revhiki nevhiki re "The People" muSeychelles.

Seychelles inhengo yekutanga ye International Mubatanidzwa weVashanyi Partner (ICTP) [1].