Southern California Marine Mammal Workshop

NaMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri, The Ocean Foundation

Mumba maive makazara nekukwazisana nekutaura apo vatori vechikamu vanoungana pachikamu chekutanga. Takanga tiri munzvimbo yemusangano paPacific Life ye5th pagore Southern California Marine Mammal Workshop. Kune vazhinji vevaongorori, veterinarian, uye nyanzvi dzemitemo, aka ndekekutanga kuonana kubva gore rapfuura. Uye vamwe vaive vatsva kumusangano, asi kwete kumunda, uye vakawanawo shamwari dzekare. Wekishopu iyi yakasvika pakukwanisa kwayo vatori vechikamu 175, mushure mekutanga ne77 chete gore rekutanga.

Iyo Ocean Foundation yakadada kubatira pamwe chiitiko ichi ne Pacific Life Foundation, uye musangano uyu unoenderera mberi netsika yakanaka yekupa mikana yekubatana nevamwe vatsvakurudzi, vashandi vemumunda pamhenderekedzo yegungwa uye mumvura nekununurwa kwemhuka dzegungwa, uye nevashoma veavo vane basa rehupenyu rinoputira mitemo nemitemo inodzivirira mhuka dzomugungwa. . Tennyson Oyler, Mutungamiri mutsva wePacific Life Foundation, akavhura musangano uye kudzidza kwakatanga.

Paiva nemashoko akanaka aizotaurwa. Iyo porpoise yepachiteshi yakadzokera kuSan Francisco Bay kekutanga mumakore anoda kusvika makumi manomwe, ichitariswa nevatsvaguri vanotora mukana wekuungana kwemazuva ese kweporpoises vanodya pedyo neGolden Gate Bridge panguva yemafungu emvura. Kusungwa kusati kwamboitika kwevana 1600 veshumba diki yegungwa muchirimo chapfuura zvinoita sekunge zvisingaite zvakare gore rino. Kunzwisiswa kutsva kwekuunganidzwa kwegore negore kwemarudzi makuru ekufambisa akadai sehove huru yeblue whales inofanira kutsigira nzira yepamutemo yekukumbira shanduko mumigwagwa yekutakura kuenda kuLos Angeles neSan Francisco mumwedzi yavanenge vari ikoko.

Chikwata chemasikati chakanangana nekubatsira masayendisiti nedzimwe nyanzvi dzemhuka dzemugungwa kutaura nyaya dzavo nemazvo. Boka rekukurukurirana raisanganisira vanhu vanobva kwakasiyana siyana mumunda. Mutauri wemadeko emanheru aive Dr. Bernd Würsig ane mukurumbira uyo nemukadzi wake vakapedza tsvakiridzo yakawanda, vakadzidzisa vadzidzi vakawanda, uye vakatsigira kuedza kwakawanda kukudza nzvimbo kupfuura iyo masayendisiti mazhinji ane nguva, ndoda kuita mukana, wekuita.

Mugovera ndiro zuva rakaisa pfungwa dzedu kunyaya iri pamberi penhaurirano dzakawanda pamusoro pehukama hwevanhu nemhuka dzemugungwa: nyaya yekuti mhuka dzemugungwa dzinofanira kuchengetwa muutapwa here kana kuberekerwa kutapwa, kunze kwemhuka dziya dzakanunurwa dzinenge dzanunurwa. yakanyanya kukuvadzwa zvokusagona kurarama musango.

Mukurukuri wekudya kwemasikati akadzamisa zvirongwa zvemasikati: Dr. Lori Marino kubva ku Kimmela Center for Animal Advocacy uye Center for Ethics paEmory University, vachitaura nezvenyaya yekuti mhuka dzemugungwa dzinobudirira here mukutapwa. Hurukuro yake inogona kupfupikiswa mune zvinotevera pfungwa, zvichibva pakutsvagisa kwake uye ruzivo rwakamutungamira kune iyo yakazara fungidziro yekuti cetaceans haibudirire mukutapwa. Sei?

Chekutanga, mhuka dzemugungwa dzakangwara, dzinozviziva uye dzinozvitonga. Ivo vakazvimiririra mumagariro uye vakaoma-vanogona kusarudza vanofarirwa pakati peboka ravo remagariro.

Chechipiri, mhuka dzomugungwa dzinoda kufamba; kuve nemamiriro emuviri akasiyana; shandisa kutonga pamusoro pehupenyu hwavo uye uve chikamu chesocial infrastructure.

Chechitatu, mhuka dzemugungwa dzakatapwa dzine mwero wepamusoro wekufa. Uye, hapana kuve nekuvandudzwa mumakore anopfuura makumi maviri echiitiko mukuchengeta mhuka.

Chechina, ingave musango kana mukutapwa, nhamba yekutanga yechikonzero chekufa hutachiona, uye mukutapwa, hutachiona hunomuka muchikamu kubva kune hurombo hutano hwemazino mukutapwa nekuda kwekutapwa-chete maitiro anotungamira mhuka dzemugungwa kutsenga (kana kuedza kutsenga. ) pamasimbi nekongiri.

Chechishanu, mhuka dzemugungwa dziri muhusungwa dzinoratidzawo huwandu hwekushushikana, izvo zvinotungamira kune immunosupression & kufa kwekutanga.

Maitiro ekutapwa haasi echisikigo kumhuka. Mhando dzemafambiro anomanikidzwa nekudzidziswa kwemhuka dzemugungwa kuti dziite mumashow dzinoita sedzinotungamira kune mhando dzezvinoshungurudza zvinokonzeresa hunhu husingaitike musango. Semuenzaniso hapana kurwiswa kwakasimbiswa kwevanhu ne orcas musango. Kupfuurirazve, anopokana kuti isu tave kutoenda kune kutarisirwa kuri nani uye manejimendi ehukama hwedu nedzimwe mhuka dzakasimukira dzakakura dzine maitiro akaomarara emagariro uye maitiro ekutama. Nzou shoma uye shoma dziri kuratidzwa panzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mhuka nokuti dzinoda nzvimbo yakakura uye kushamwaridzana. Mazhinji ma network ekutsvagisa marabhoritari amira kuyedza pamachimpanzi nedzimwe nhengo dzemhuri yetsoko.

Mhedziso yaDr. Marino yaive yekuti kutapwa hakushandi kune mhuka dzemugungwa, kunyanya ma dolphin uye orcas. Akanokora mashoko nyanzvi yezvinoyamwisa zvomugungwa Dr. Naomi Rose, uyo akataura gare gare zuva iroro, achiti, “kuoma [kunofungidzirwa] kwomusango hakusi chikonzero chemamiriro ezvinhu okutapwa.”

Panera remasikati rakataurawo nezvenyaya yemhuka dzemugungwa dziri muhusungwa, kunyanya orcas nema dolphin. Avo vanodavira kuti mhuka dzomugungwa hadzifaniri chose chose kuchengetwa muusungwa vanopikisa kuti yava nguva yokumisa zvirongwa zvokuberekesa zvakatapwa, kugadzira hurongwa hwokuderedza nhamba yemhuka dziri muusungwa, uye kurega kubata mhuka nokuda kwokuratidzirwa kana kuti zvimwe zvinangwa. Vanopikisa kuti makambani evaraidzo anoita purofiti ane chido chekusimudzira pfungwa yekuti mhuka dzemugungwa dzinotamba nezvimwe zvinoratidzira zvinogona kubudirira nekutarisirwa, kukurudzirwa, uye nharaunda. Saizvozvovo, iyo aquaria iri kutenga mhuka dzichangotorwa kubva kunharaunda dziri kure neUnited States dzine chido chakadaro, zvinopokana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti masangano aya anopawo zvakawanda mukuedza kwakabatana kubatsira panguva yezvipfuyo zvemugungwa, kununura kunodiwa, uye tsvakiridzo yekutanga. Vamwe vadziviriri vekwaniso yekubatanidzwa kwechokwadi kwemhuka dzemugungwa dzemunhu-mugungwa dzinoratidza kuti mapeni emugungwa ekutsvagisa ma dolphin akavhurika kumucheto kure nenyika. Mukufungidzira, ma<em>dolphin anogona kubva akasununguka uye anosarudza kusarega—vatsvakurudzi vanoaongorora vanodavira kuti ma<em>dolphin akaita chisarudzo chakajeka.

Kazhinji, kune nzvimbo dzakakura dzechibvumirano chaicho, kunyangwe dzimwe nzvimbo dzekusabvumirana nezvekuratidzira, kuita, uye kukosha kwezvidzidzo zvekutsvagisa. Zvinowanzobvumwa kuti:
Mhuka idzi dzakangwara zvikuru, dzakaoma kunzwisisa dzine hunhu hwakasiyana.
Haasi marudzi ese kana mhuka dzese dzakakodzerwa kuratidzwa, izvo zvinofanirwa kutungamira mukusiyanisa kurapwa (uye pamwe kusunungurwa) zvakare.
Mhuka zhinji dzakanunurwa dziri muhusungwa hadzina kukwanisa kurarama musango nekuda kwekukuvara kwakazoita kuti dzinunurwe.
Isu tinoziva zvinhu nezve physiology yema dolphin uye dzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa nekuda kwekutsvaga kwehunhapwa kwatingadai tisina kuziva neimwe nzira.
Maitiro ari kumasangano mashoma uye mashoma ane mhuka dzemugungwa dziri kuratidzwa muUnited States neEuropean Union, uye maitiro aya angangoenderera mberi, asi anodzikiswa nekukura kuunganidzwa kwemhuka dzinoratidza nhapwa muAsia.
Pane nzira dzakanakisa dzekuchengeta mhuka dziri muusungwa dzinofanirwa kugadzirwa uye kudzokororwa kumasangano ese uye kuti kuedza kwekudzidzisa kunofanirwa kuve nehukasha, uye kuenderera mberi nekuvandudzwa sezvatinodzidza zvakawanda.
Zvirongwa zvinofanirwa kunge zvichiitwa kumasangano mazhinji ekupera kwekumanikidza veruzhinji kuita nema orcas, ma dolphin, uye dzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa, nekuti ndizvo zvingangodiwa neveruzhinji nevanodzora vanovapindura.

Hungava upenzi kunyepedzera kuti mativi ose ari maviri anobvumirana zvakakwana kuti asvike pakugadziriswa kuri nyore kwemubvunzo wekuti ma dolphin, orcas, uye dzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa dzinofanira kuchengetwa muusungwa. Manzwiro anomhanya zvakanyanya pamusoro pekukosha kwekutsvaga kwehutapwa uye kuratidzwa pachena mukutonga hukama hwevanhu nevanhu vesango. Manzwiro anomhanya zvakaenzana pamusoro pekurudziro dzakagadzirwa nemasangano anotenga mhuka dzesango dzakabatwa, chinangwa chepurofiti kune mamwe masangano, uye mubvunzo wakachena wetsika pamusoro pekuti mhuka dzesango dzakangwara dzakasununguka dzinofanira kuchengetwa mumatanga madiki mumapoka emagariro asiri ekusarudza kwavo, kana kuti zvakatoipisisa, mukutapwa uri wega.

Mhedzisiro yenhaurirano yewekishopu yakanga yakajeka: hapana saizi imwe inokodzera mhinduro yese inogona kuitwa. Zvichida, zvisinei, tinogona kutanga apo mativi ose anobvumirana uye kutamira kunzvimbo iyo nzira yatinotarisira nayo tsvakurudzo yedu inoda meshes nekunzwisisa kwedu kodzero dzevavakidzani vedu vegungwa. Musangano wepagore wezvinoyamwisa wemugungwa wakagadzira hwaro hwekunzwisisana kunyangwe nyanzvi dzemhuka dzemugungwa dzisingabvumirani. Ndicho chimwe chezvakawanda zvakanaka zvakabuda pagungano repagore pakuti isu nokudaro tinogoneswa.

PaThe Ocean Foundation, tinosimudzira kuchengetedzwa uye kuchengetedzwa kwemhuka dzemugungwa uye tinoshanda kuona nzira dzakanakisa dzekutonga hukama hwevanhu nezvisikwa zvakanakisa izvi kuti tigovane zvigadziriso nenharaunda yezvipuka zvemugungwa pasi rese. Yedu Marine Mammal Fund ndiyo mota yakanakisa yekutsigira kuedza kwedu kuita kudaro.