Sundarban Spill: Mangrove uye ma dolphin ari panjodzi
NaMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri
Chipiri mangwanani, takamukira kunhau dzakaipa dzetsaona yengarava mumvura yeBangladesh. The Southern Star-7, tanker yakanga yabonderana neimwe ngarava uye mhedzisiro yacho yakateuka inofungidzirwa kuti inosvika marita 92,000 1997 emafuta echoto. Kufambisa ngarava munzira kwakamiswa uye ngarava yakanyura yakadhonzwa muchiteshi nemusi weChina, kumisa kumwe kurasika. Nekudaro, mafuta akadedera ari kuramba achipararira mune imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha kwazvo dzedunhu, mahombekombe emasango emangrove anozivikanwa seSundarbans, UNESCO World Heritage Site kubva XNUMX uye inozivikanwa nzvimbo yevashanyi.
Pedyo neBay of Bengal muIndia Ocean, maSundarbans inzvimbo inotambanudzira mhiri kweGanges, Brahmaputra neMeghna river deltas, ichigadzira sango rakakura kwazvo repasi rose. Imba yemhuka dzisingawanzo kuita seBangal tiger nedzimwe mhuka dziri kutyisidzirwa dzakadai serwizi dolphin (Irawaddy neGanges) nemaIndia python. Bangladesh yakamisa nzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa dzema dolphin muna 2011 apo vakuru vakuru vakaziva kuti maSundarbans anotambira huwandu hukuru hunozivikanwa hweIrawaddy dolphin. Kutakura ngarava kwakarambidzwa kubva mumvura mukupera kwema1990 asi hurumende yakanga yabvumidza kuvhurwa kwenguva pfupi kweyaimbove nzira yekufambisa zvichitevera kuiswa kwejecha kweimwe nzira muna 2011.
Irawaddy ma dolphin anokura kusvika pamamita masere pakureba. Iwo ma dolphin eblue-grey beakless ane musoro wakatenderedzwa uye kudya kunonyanyova hove. Ivo vane hukama hwepedyo neorca uye ndivo chete dolphin inozivikanwa kupfira panguva yekudyisa uye kushamwaridzana. Kunze kwekuchengetedza ngarava, kutyisidzira kuIrawaddy kunosanganisira kupinzwa mugiya rehove uye kurasikirwa kwekugara nekuda kwekukura kwevanhu uye kukwira kwegungwa.
Mangwanani ano, takadzidza kubva kuBBC, kuti “mukuru wevakuru vechiteshi chezvikepe chomunzvimbomo akaudza vatori venhau kuti vabati vehove vaizoshandisa ‘maponji nemasaga’ kunhonga mafuta arasika, ayo apararira munzvimbo yemakiromita 80.” Kunyange zvazvo zviremera zvichinzi zviri kutumira vaparadzi kunzvimbo iyi, hazvisi pachena kuti kushandisa mishonga kuchabatsira ma<em>dolphin, mangrove, kana kuti dzimwe mhuka dzinogara munyika ino yakapfuma. Muchokwadi, tichipihwa data rinobuda kubva ku2010 Deepwater Horizon njodzi muGulf yeMexico, tinoziva kuti vanoparadzira vane huturu hwenguva refu pahupenyu hwegungwa, uyezve, kuti vangakanganisa kuparara kwemafuta mumvura. , kuva nechokwadi chokuti inorambira pasi pegungwa uye inogona kumutswa nemadutu.
Isu tese tinoziva kuti makemikari anoumba oiri (kusanganisira zvigadzirwa zvakaita segasi kana mafuta edhiziri) anogona kuuraya zvidyarwa nemhuka, kusanganisira vanhu. Pamusoro pezvo, kuzora mafuta kweshiri dzemugungwa nedzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa kunogona kuderedza kugona kwavo kugadzirisa tembiricha yemuviri, zvichiita kuti vafe. Kubvisa mafuta kuburikidza nemabhomu uye dzimwe nzira inzira imwe. Kuisa makemikari anoparadzira ndeimwe.
Madhishi anopwanya oiri kuita mashoma oaisa muchikamu chemvura, ozopedzisira agara pasi pegungwa. Iwo madiki madiki emafuta akawanikwa munyama yemhuka dzemugungwa uye pasi peganda revanhu kuchenesa bhichi vanozvipira. Basa rakanyorwa pasi pezvipo kubva kuThe Ocean Foundation rakaratidza huwandu hwehupfu pahove nemhuka dzinoyamwisa kubva pakuzivikanwa nekusanganiswa, kunyanya kumhuka dzemugungwa.
Kurasika kwemafuta kune nguva pfupi uye kwenguva refu yakaipa mhedzisiro, kunyanya panjodzi masisitimu echisikigo senge brackish mangrove masango eSundarbans uye huwandu hwakawanda hwehupenyu hunoenderana navo. Tinogona chete kutarisira kuti oiri ichawanikwa nekukurumidza uye kuti ichaita zvishoma kukuvadza ivhu nezvirimwa. Pane kunetseka kukuru kuti hove dziri kunze kwenzvimbo yakadzivirirwa dzichakanganiswawo nekuteuka kwacho.
Kunwa kwemichina chokwadi kutanga kwakanaka, kunyanya kana hutano hwevashandi huchigona kuchengetedzwa kusvika pamwero wakati. Zvinonzi mafuta aya akatotanga kupararira nemunzvimbo dzemimango nemadziva munzvimbo dzisina kudzika uye mudflats zvichikonzera dambudziko rakakura rekuchenesa. Zviremera zvine kodzero yokungwarira pakushandisa chero makemikari munzvimbo dzine njodzi dzakadai dzemvura, kunyanya sezvo tiine ruzivo rushoma rwekuti makemikari aya, kana musanganiswa wemakemikari/oiri zvinokanganisa sei upenyu mumvura idzi. Tinotarisirawo kuti zviremera zvichafunga nezvehutano hwenguva refu hweichi chinhu chinokosha chenyika uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti kurambidzwa kwekutakura ngarava kunodzorerwa zvechigarire nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Pese panoitika zviitiko zvevanhu mukati, pamusoro, uye pedyo nenyanza, ibasa redu tose kuderedza kukuvadza kune zviwanikwa zvipenyu izvo isu tese tinotsamira pazviri.
Mifananidzo Credits: UNEP, WWF
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