Sarudzo Yakanakisa muHove-Kudya Kwekugara Kwedu Nekuchengetedza

NaMark J. Spalding, Mutungamiriri weThe Ocean Foundation

[Igwa rehove muHong Kong Harbor (Mufananidzo: Mark J. Spalding)]

Svondo rapfuura ndakapinda 10th International Sustainable Seafood Summit muHong Kong. Pamusangano wegore rino, nyika makumi mana nenhanhatu dzange dzakamirirwa, dzine musanganiswa wemaindasitiri, masangano akazvimirira oga, vedzidzo nehurumende. Uye, zvaikurudzira kuona kuti musangano wakatengeswa zvakare uye kuti indasitiri yakanyatsobatanidzwa uye ichizadza zvigaro zvakawanda.

Zvinhu zvandakadzidza kuSammit uye kuti zvinokanganisa sei zvandanga ndichifunga nezvazvo zvakawanda. Zvakanaka nguva dzose kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva uye kunzwa kubva kuvakurukuri vatsva. Sezvo zvakadaro yaivewo yechokwadi cheki kune rimwe rebasa ratanga tichiita rine chekuita neaquaculture inogoneka - tsigiro nemazano matsva. 

Ndigere mundege yekufamba kwemaawa gumi nemashanu ndichidzokera kuUS, ndichiri kuyedza kupeta musoro wangu nenyaya dzemusangano, rwendo rwedu rwemazuva mana rwekunoona chikoro chekare uye zvemazuva ano zvekurima mugungwa muChina. , uye kutaura chokwadi, maonero angu muchidimbu ehukuru nekuoma kunzwisisa kweChina pachayo.

Nhepfenyuro inokosha kubva kuna Dr. Steve Hall weWorld Fish Center yakaratidza zvakajeka kuti tinofanira kunge tichinetseka pamusoro pebasa re "hove-chikafu" (zvinoreva mvura yemunyu nemvura yakachena), kwete kudya kwegungwa chete, mukuderedza urombo uye nzara. Kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwakasimba kwehove-chikafu chishandiso chine simba chekuwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwechikafu kune varombo, uye kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika (kana madonhwe ekupa uye mitengo yechikafu ichikwira, ndizvo zvinoitawo kusagadzikana kwevanhu). Uye, isu tinofanirwa kuve neshuwa kuti tinotaura nezve kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu kana tichitaura nezvehove-chikafu, kwete kungodiwa nemusika. Kudiwa ndeye sushi muLos Angeles kana shark fins muHong Kong. Chinodiwa kuna amai vari kutsvaga kudzivirira kushaya chikafu chinovaka muviri nezvimwe zvinechekuita nekukura kwevana vavo.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti chiyero chenyaya chinogona kunzwa chichikurira. Muchokwadi, kuona chiyero cheChina chete kunogona kuve kwakaoma. Zvinopfuura 50% zvehove dzedu dzinodyiwa pasi rose dzinobva mukuita basa rekurima mumvura. Pane iyi China iri kugadzira chetatu, kunyanya chekushandisa kwayo, uye Asia iri kugadzira ingangoita 90%. Uye, China iri kudya chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chehove dzemusango dzakabatwa - uye iri kutsvaga hove dzesango dzakadaro pasi rose. Nekudaro, basa renyika imwe chete iyi mune zvese zvekupa uye kudiwa rakakura kupfuura mamwe matunhu mazhinji epasi. Uye, nekuti iri kuramba ichiwedzera kuguta uye kupfuma, tarisiro ndeyekuti icharamba ichitonga padivi rekuda.

[Dawn Martin, Mutungamiriri weSeaWeb, achitaura paInternational Seafood Summit 2012 muHong Kong (Mufananidzo: Mark J. Spalding)]

Saka kuisa mamiriro ezvinhu pano maererano nekukosha kwekurima kwemvura kuri kutaura. Parizvino, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu bhiriyoni imwe vanovimba nehove kuti vawane mapuroteni. Inopfuura zvishoma hafu yezvinodiwa izvi zvinozadzikiswa neaquaculture. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevanhu, pamwe nekuwedzera hupfumi munzvimbo dzakaita seChina zvinoreva kuti tinogona kutarisira kuti kudiwa kwehove kukwire mune ramangwana. Uye, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kudiwa kwehove kunokura nekukura kwemaguta uye hupfumi zvakasiyana. Vapfumi vanoda hove, uye varombo vomumaguta vanovimba nehove. Kazhinji mhando dzinodiwa dzinokanganisa zvipenyu zvinowanikwa nevarombo. Semuenzaniso, salmon, uye mamwe mabasa ekurima hove anodya muCanada, Norway, US, uye kumwewo, anodya huwandu hukuru hweanchovies, sardines, nedzimwe hove diki (pane imwe nzvimbo iri pakati pe1 ne3 mapaundi ehove paundi yega yehove inogadzirwa) . Kutsauswa kwehove idzi kubva kumusika wemuno mumaguta akadai seLima, Peru kunokwidza mutengo weaya emhando yepamusoro mapuroteni uye nokudaro anoganhurira kuwanikwa kwadzo kune varombo vemumaguta. Tisingatauri nezvemhuka dziya dzemugungwa dzinotsamirawo pahove diki dziya kuti dzidye. Pamusoro pazvo, tinoziva kuti hove zhinji dzemusango dzinoreveswa zvakanyanya, hadzitarisirwi zvakanaka, dzinotevedzwa zvisina simba, uye dzicharamba dzichikuvadzwa nemhedzisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye acidization yegungwa. Nokudaro, kudiwa kwakawedzerwa kwehove hakuzogutswi nokuuraya hove dzomusango. Ichagutswa neaquaculture.

Uye, nenzira, kukurumidza kukwira kweaquaculture "mugove wemusika" wekushandiswa kwehove haisati yaderedza basa rekubata hove. Yakawanda yemusika-inoda aquaculture inotsamira pahupfu hwehove nemafuta ehove mune zvekudya zvinobva kuhove dzemusango sezvakatsanangurwa pakutanga. Nekudaro, isu hatigone kutaura kuti kugadzirwa kweaquaculture kuri kubvisa kudzvanyirira kuredza kwegungwa redu, asi kunogona kana kukawedzera munzira dzatinoda zvakanyanya: kusangana nekuchengetedza chikafu chepasirese. Zvakare, tinodzoka kuzotarisa zviri kuitika nemugadziri mukuru, China. Dambudziko muChina kukura kwekuda kwayo kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura avhareji yenyika. Saka mukaha uri kuuya munyika iyoyo uchange wakaoma kuzadzisa.

Kwenguva refu zvino, toti makore 4,000 XNUMX, China yave ichidzidzira kurima mumvura; zvikuru pedyo nenzizi munzvimbo dzine mafashamo uko kwaichengetwa hove pamwe chete nezvirimwa zverudzi rumwe kana rumwe. Uye, kazhinji, iyo-nzvimbo yaive inobatsira kune hove nezvirimwa. China iri kuenda kumaindasitiri ezve aquaculture. Ehe, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwakakura kunogona kureva kabhoni isingafadzi, kubva panhau yekufambisa; kana kuti pangava nehumwe hupfumi hunobatsira hwemwero kuzadzisa zvinodiwa.

[Ngarava inopfuura muHong Kong Harbor (Mufananidzo: Mark J. Spalding)]
 

Zvatakadzidza pamusangano uyu, nekuona parwendo rwekunyika yeChina, ndezvekuti pane zvakawanda uye zvinogadzirisa zvinogadzirisa dambudziko rekuyera uye kusangana neprotein nemusika zvinodiwa. Parwendo rwedu rwemumunda takavaona vakaiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Zvaisanganisira maitirwo aiitwa mabrood stock, kugadzirwa kwechikafu, kupfuya, kuchengetedza hutano hwehove, mambure matsva, uye masisitimu akavharwa ekutendererazve. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti tinofanira kuenzanisa zvikamu zvekushanda uku kuti tive nechokwadi chekubudirira kwavo kwechokwadi: Kusarudza mhando dzakakodzera, teknolojia yepamusoro uye nzvimbo yezvakatipoteredza; kuzivisa zvinodiwa munharaunda netsika nemagariro (zvese chikafu uye kuwanikwa kwevashandi), uye kuvimbisa mabhenefiti ehupfumi. Uye, isu tinofanirwa kutarisa kushanda kwese - kuwanda kwemaitiro ekugadzira kubva kubrood stock kuenda kumusika chigadzirwa, kubva pakufambisa kuenda kumvura uye kushandiswa kwesimba.

SeaWeb, iyo inobata musangano wepagore, inotsvaga "chigarire, chakasimba chekudya kwegungwa" chenyika. Kune rumwe rutivi, ini handina quibbles neiyo pfungwa. Asi, isu tose tinofanira kuziva kuti zvichareva kuwedzera kurima kwemvura, pane kuvimba nemhuka dzesango kuti dzisangane neprotein inodiwa nehuwandu hwepasi rose. Zvichida tinoda kuve nechokwadi kuti takaisa parutivi zvakakwana zvehove dzomusango mugungwa kuchengetedza zvikero zveecosystem, kupa zvinodiwa zvekushandisa padanho reunyanzvi (kuchengetedzwa kwechikafu), uye pamwe kubvumira kuti imwe mhando yemusika mudiki weumbozha haidzivisiki. Nekuti, sezvandakaona mumablog apfuura, kutora chero mhuka yemusango kune yekutengeserana chiyero chekushandiswa kwepasirese hakuna kugadzikana. Inodonha nguva dzese. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvese zviri pasi pemusika weumbozha uye pamusoro pezvinokohwewa zvemuno zvichawedzera kubva mukurima kwemvura.

Pakuenderera kwemamiriro ekunze uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza kwekushandiswa kweprotein kubva kune nyama masosi, ichi chingave chinhu chakanaka. Hove dzakasimudzwa papurazi, nepo dzisina kukwana, dzinoita nani pane huku nenguruve, uye zviri nani pane nyama yemombe. Iwo "akanakisa" muchikamu chehove dzakarimwa anogona kutungamira ese makuru enyama mapuroteni zvikamu pakusimudzira kuita metrics. Ehe, zvinenge zvichienda pasina kutaura kuti sekutaura kwaHelene York (weBon Apetit) muhurukuro yake kuti pasi redu diki zvakare riri nani kana tikadya mashoma mapuroteni enyama mukudya kwedu (kureva kudzokera kunguva apo mapuroteni enyama aive emhando yepamusoro. )

Dambudziko nderekuti, sekureva kwenyanzvi yezve aquaculture yeFAO, Rohana Subasinghe, chikamu chezvemumvura hachisi kukura nekukurumidza kuti chizadzise zvinotarisirwa. Yange ichikura pamwero we4% pagore, asi kukura kwayo kwave kuderera mumakore achangopfuura. Anoona kudiwa kwechikamu che6% chekukura, kunyanya kuAsia uko kudiwa kuri kukura nekukurumidza, uye Africa uko kudzikamisa kwekudya kwemuno kwakakosha pakuwedzera kugadzikana kwedunhu uye kukura kwehupfumi.

Kune chikamu changu, ndinoda kuona kufambira mberi kutsva mukuzvimiririra, kudzorwa kwemhando yemvura, masisitimu emhando dzakasiyana-siyana akaiswa kuti ape mabasa uye kusangana nemapuroteni anodiwa munzvimbo dzemudhorobha umo mabasa akadai anogona kugadziridzwa zvakanaka kumusika weko. Uye, ini ndinoda kusimudzira kuchengetedzwa kwakawedzera kwemhuka dzesango dzegungwa kupa sisitimu nguva yekupora kubva mukupambwa kwekutengeserana kwepasirese nevanhu.

Nokuda kwegungwa,
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