The Fragile White Continent

Claire Christian ndiye Acting Executive Director we Antarctic uye Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC), vavakidzani vedu vehofisi vane hushamwari pano muDC uye kunze mugungwa repasi rose.

Muna Chivabvu apfuura, ndakapinda musangano we39th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM), musangano wepagore wenyika dzakasaina Antarctic Chibvumirano kuita sarudzo dzekuti Antarctica inotongwa sei. Kune avo vasingatore chikamu mairi, misangano yepasi rose yevamiriri vedzimwe nyika inowanzoita seinononoka. Zvinongotora nguva kuti nyika dzakawanda dzibvumirane pakugadzirisa nyaya. Dzimwe nguva, zvakadaro, iyo ATCM yakaita sarudzo nekukurumidza uye yakashinga, uye gore rino raive iro 25th anniversary yeimwe yezana remakore rechi20 yakahwina zvikuru kunharaunda yepasi rose - danho rekurambidza zvicherwa muAntarctica.

Kunyange hazvo kurambidzwa uku kwave kupembererwa kubva zvakabvumiranwa muna 1991, vakawanda vakaratidza kukahadzika kuti kunogona kuramba kuripo. Sezvingabvira, kubata kwevanhu kwaizokunda pakupedzisira uye zvingava zvakanyanya kuoma kufuratira mukana wemikana mitsva yehupfumi. Asi paATCM yegore rino, nyika makumi maviri nepfumbamwe dzekuita sarudzo dziri muchibvumirano cheAntarctic Treaty (inonzi Antarctic Treaty Consultative Parties kana ATCPs) dzakabvumirana nechisungo chinoti "kuzvipira kwavo kwakasimba kuchengetedza uye kuenderera mberi nekuita ... pamberi” kurambidzwa kwemabasa emigodhi muAntarctic, inova chikamu cheProtocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (inonziwo Madrid Protocol). Kunyange zvazvo kusimbisa kutsigirwa kwekurambidzwa kuripo kungasaita sekubudirira, ndinotenda kuti chiratidzo chakasimba chesimba rekuzvipira kweATCPs kuchengetedza Antarctica senzvimbo yakafanana yevanhu vose.

Kunyange zvazvo kusimbisa kutsigirwa kwekurambidzwa kuripo kungasaita sekubudirira, ndinotenda kuti chiratidzo chakasimba chesimba rekuzvipira kweATCPs kuchengetedza Antarctica senzvimbo yakafanana yevanhu vose. 

Nhoroondo yekuti kurambidzwa kwemigodhi kwakavapo sei inoshamisa. MaATCP akapedza makore anodarika gumi achitaurirana pamusoro pemitemo yezvicherwa, izvo zvaizotora chimiro chechibvumirano chitsva, Chibvumirano cheRegulation of Antarctic Mineral Resource Activities (CRAMRA). Nhaurirano idzi dzakaita kuti vezvenharaunda varonge mubatanidzwa weAntarctic neSouthern Ocean Coalition (ASOC) kuti vaite nharo dzekusikwa kweWorld Park Antarctica, uko kusingabvumidzwe kuchera migodhi. Zvakangodaro, ASOC yakatevera nhaurirano dzeCRAMRA zvakanyanya. Ivo, pamwe chete nemamwe maATCP, vakanga vasingatsigire kuchera migodhi asi vaida kuita kuti mitemo isimbise sezvinobvira.

Pakazopera nhaurirano dzeCRAMRA, chakasara ndechekuti ATCPs isayine. Munhu wese aifanira kusaina kuti chibvumirano chitange kushanda. Mukuchinja kunoshamisa, Australia neFrance, vese vakange vashanda paCRAMRA kwemakore, vakazivisa kuti havaizosaina nekuti kunyangwe zvicherwa zvakarongeka zvakapa njodzi huru kuAntarctica. Rimwe gore rapfuura, maATCP mamwe chete aya akataurirana nezveEnvironment Protocol panzvimbo. Protocol haina kungorambidza kucherwa kwezvicherwa chete asi yakaisa mitemo yezviitwa zvisiri zvekuchera pamwe nehurongwa hwekudoma nzvimbo dzakanyatsochengetedzwa. Chikamu cheProtocol chinotsanangura maitiro ekuongororwa kwechibvumirano makore makumi mashanu kubva pakupinda kwayo kushanda (2048) kana zvakumbirwa neBato reChibvumirano chenyika, uye matanho akatevedzana ekubvisa kurambidzwa kwemigodhi, kusanganisira kubvumidzwa kwehutongi hwemutemo hunosunga hutongi hwezvicherwa.

Hazvingave zvisiri izvo kutaura kuti Protocol yakashandura Antarctic Treaty System. 

Hazvingave zvisiri izvo kutaura kuti Protocol yakashandura Antarctic Treaty System. Mapato akatanga kutarisa nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kusvika pamwero wakakura kupfuura zvavaimboita kare. Nzvimbo dzekutsvagisa dzeAntarctic dzakatanga kuongorora mashandiro avo kuti vavandudze maitiro avo ezvakatipoteredza, kunyanya zvine chekuita nekurasa marara. ATCM yakagadzira Komiti Yekuchengetedzwa Kwezvakatipoteredza (CEP) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuzadzikiswa kweProtocol uye kuongorora ongororo yemamiriro ekunze (EIA) yezviitwa zvitsva zvinongedzo. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo Treaty System yakakura, ichiwedzera maATCP matsva akadai seCzech Republic neUkraine. Nhasi, nyika zhinji dzinodada nekutonga kwadzo kwenzvimbo yeAntarctic uye danho radzo rekuchengetedza kondinendi.

Zvisinei nerekodhi iyi yakasimba, kuchine makuhwa munhau kuti maATCP mazhinji ari kungomirira kuti wachi isvike panguva yeProtocol yekuongorora kuti vakwanise kuwana hupfumi hunonzi pasi peaizi. Vamwe vanototaura kuti 1959 Antarctic Treaty kana Protocol "inopera" muna 2048, chirevo chisina kururama zvachose. Sarudzo yegore rino inobatsira kusimbisa zvakare kuti ATCPs inonzwisisa kuti njodzi kune iyo isina kusimba kondinendi chena yakakura kwazvo kubvumidza kunyange migodhi inodzorwa zvakanyanya. Chimiro chakasiyana cheAntarctica sekondinendi inongori yerunyararo nesainzi yakakosha kupasi rose kupfuura hupfumi hwayo hwezvicherwa. Zviri nyore kuva neshungu pamusoro pekukurudzira kwenyika uye kufunga kuti nyika dzinongozviitira zvadzo dzakamanikana. Antarctica mumwe muenzaniso wekuti nyika dzinogona kubatana sei mune zvinofarirwa nenyika.

Antarctica mumwe muenzaniso wekuti nyika dzinogona kubatana sei mune zvinofarirwa nenyika.

Zvakadaro, mugore rino remhemberero, zvakakosha kupemberera kubudirira uye kutarisa kune ramangwana. Kurambidzwa kwemigodhi chete hakuzochengetedze Antarctica. Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunotyisidzira kukanganisa mazaya echando ekondinendi, zvichichinja magariro emuno neepasirese zvakafanana. Uyezve, vatori vechikamu muAntarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting vanogona kutora mukana wakakura wezvipimo zveProtocol kusimudzira kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Kunyanya vaigona uye vanofanirwa kudoma dandemutande rakakwana renzvimbo dzakadzivirirwa dzinozochengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana uye kubatsira kugadzirisa zvimwe zvinokonzerwa nekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pane zviwanikwa zvedunhu. Masayendisiti akatsanangura nzvimbo dzazvino dzakachengetedzwa dzeAntarctic se "haina kukwana, isingamiriri, uye iri panjodzi" (1), zvichireva kuti havaendi kure zvakakwana mukutsigira iyo iri kondinendi yedu yakasiyana zvikuru.

Sezvo isu tichipemberera makore makumi maviri neshanu erunyararo, sainzi, uye renje risina kuparadzwa muAntarctica, ndinovimba Antarctic Treaty System pamwe nenyika dzese dzichatora matanho kuti ive nechokwadi cheimwe kota yezana yekugadzikana uye kubudirira kwezvipenyu mukondinendi yedu yepasi.