Mhinduro yeHumanitarian ndiyo Healthy Ocean Response

Kuita kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze uye hondo isiri pamutemo yekukunda neRussia kurwisa Ukraine

Tinoona tichitya sezvo hondo yeRussia nechisimba muUkraine ichiparadza vanhu vayo. Isu tinonyorera kune vedu vanoita sarudzo kuti tidaidze chiito. Isu tinopa kuti titsigire zvinodikanwa zvevanhu vakadzingwa uye vakakombwa. Tinoita nepatinogona napo kuratidza kutsigira kwedu uye kuva nehanya kune avo vane vadikani vasingagoni kutiza hondo nyore nyore. Tinovimba kuti nzira dzisiri dzechisimba, dzepamutemo dziri kupindurwa nevatungamiriri venyika dzichashandisa kumanikidza kwakakwana kuita kuti Russia ione kukanganisa kwenzira dzayo. Uye isu tinofanirwa kufunga kuti izvi zvinorevei kune kuenzana kwesimba, kudzivirira kuenzana, uye ramangwana rehutano hwepasi redu. 

Ukraine inyika iri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa ine makiromita 2,700 2021 emhenderekedzo yegungwa inotambanudzwa kubva kuGungwa reAzov ichitevedza Gungwa Dzvuku kusvika kumuganhu weDanube kumuganhu weRomania. Mumbure wemigero yenzizi nehova dzinoyerera dzichipfuura nenyika ichienda kugungwa. Kukwira kwemvura yegungwa uye kukukurwa kwemahombekombe kuri kushandura mhenderekedzo yegungwa - musanganiswa wekusimuka kweGungwa Dzvuku uye kuwedzera kuyerera kwemvura yakachena nekuda kwekuchinja kwemaitiro emvura uye kudzikira kwevhu. Ongororo yeXNUMX yesainzi inotungamirwa naBarış Salihoğlu, director weInstitute of Marine Sciences yeMiddle East Technical University, yakashuma kuti hupenyu hwemugungwa hweGungwa Dzvuku huri panjodzi yekukuvadzwa kusingagadzirisiki nekuda kwekudziya kwepasirese. Kufanana nedzimwe nharaunda, vakasungwa nekutsamira pamafuta emafuta anokonzera matambudziko aya.

Nzvimbo yeUkraine yakasarudzika yenzvimbo inoreva kuti imusha kune network inotambarara yemapaipi anotakura oiri negasi rechisikigo. Mapaipi egasi aya 'anofambisa' anotakura mafuta efosi, anopiswa kugadzira magetsi uye kuzadzisa zvimwe zvinodikanwa zvesimba renyika dzeEurope. Mapaipi aya aratidzawo kuve akanyanya kutambudzika sosi yesimba sezvo Russia yakapinda muUkraine.

Nyika yashora hondo iyi ichiti haisi pamutemo 

Muna 1928, pasi rose rakabvuma kugumisa hondo dzokukunda kuburikidza neParis Peace Pact. Ichi chibvumirano chepamutemo chepasi rose chakarambidza kurwisa imwe nyika nechinangwa chekukunda. Ndihwo hwaro hwokuzvidzivirira kworudzi rupi norupi uye kuti dzimwe nyika dziuye kuzodzivirira vanenge vavhozhokera, sepaya Hitler akatanga nhamburiko dzake dzokutora dzimwe nyika ndokukudza Germany. Ndicho chikonzero nei nyika idzo dzakarondedzerwa kwete seGermany, asi se "yakatorwa France" uye "yakatora Denmark". Pfungwa iyi yakatosvika ku "Japan yakagarwa" uku USA yaimutonga kwenguva pfupi mushure mehondo. Ichi chibvumirano chepamutemo chepasi rose chinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti dzimwe nyika HAZVINOGONA hutongi hweRussia pamusoro peUkraine, uye nekudaro kuziva Ukraine senyika inogarwa, kwete sechikamu cheRussia. 

Matambudziko ese ehukama hwenyika dzese anogona uye anofanirwa kugadziriswa murunyararo, kuremekedza uchangamire hwemarudzi uye kudiwa kwezvibvumirano zvinoremekedzwa. Ukraine haina kutyisidzira kuchengetedzeka kweRussia. Kutaura zvazviri, kupindira kweRussia kunogona kunge kwakawedzera kukanganisa kwayo. Mushure mekusunungura iyi hondo isina musoro uye isina chikonzero, Mutungamiriri weRussia Vladimir Putin akatongera Russia mhosva yekutongerwa pasi rose senyika yepasirese, uye vanhu vayo kutambura kukuvara kwemari uye kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe, pakati pezvimwe zvakaipa. 

Hurumende dzenyika, masangano, masangano epasi rose, nemamwe masangano akabatana mukutenda kwavo kuti hondo iyi isiri pamutemo inoda mhinduro. Muchikamu chisingawanzo chimbichimbi chakadaidzwa neUN Security Council, munaKurume 2^nd, United Nations General Assembly yakavhota kushora Russia pamusoro pekupinda nechisimba uku. Chisarudzo chacho chakatsigirwa nemitezo 141 pa193 yegungano (nevashanu chete vaipikisa), uye chakapasiswa. Chiito ichi chikamu chezvirango, zvirango, uye zvimwe zviito zvakagadzirirwa kuranga Russia nekukanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwepasi rose nekuzvidza mutemo wenyika. Uye sezvatinoita zvatinogona uye tichidemba zvatisingakwanisi, tinogonawo kugadzirisa zvikonzero zvekukonana.

Hondo ine chekuita nemafuta

Maererano ne Kennedy Chikoro cheHarvard, pakati pe25-50% yehondo kubvira 1973 yakabatana nemafuta senzira inokonzeresa. Nemamwe mashoko, oiri ndiyo iri kukonzera hondo. Hapana chimwe chinotengeswa chinosvika pedyo.

Muchikamu, kupinda kweRussia imwezve hondo pamusoro pefossil fuels. Iyo ndeyekudzora mapaipi anomhanya neUkraine. Mafuta eRussia anopihwa nekutengesa kumadokero kweEurope nevamwe vanotsigira bhajeti remauto reRussia. Western Europe inogamuchira inenge 40% yegasi rayo rinowanikwa uye 25% yemafuta ayo kubva kuRussia. Saka, hondo iri zvakare pamusoro petarisiro yaPutin kuti kuyerera kwemafuta negesi kumadokero kweEurope neRussia kwaizoita, uye zvichida yakaita, inononoka kupindura kuuto reRussia kuvaka kumuganhu weUkraine. Uye, pamwe yakatodzivirira kutsiva mushure mekupinda. Hapana nyika uye makambani mashoma aida kuisa pangozi kutsamwa kwaPutin akapihwa simba iri. Uye, hongu, Putin akaita apo mitengo yemafuta yaive yakakwira nekuda kwekudiwa kwemwaka uye kushomeka.

Sezvineiwo, asi hazvishamise, izvo zvirango zvauri kuverenga nezvazvo - zvakagadzirirwa kutsaura Russia senyika yepariah - zvese zvisingabhadharwe kutengesa kwemagetsi kuitira kuti kumadokero kweEurope ichengetedze bhizinesi semazuva ese kunyangwe kukuvadza kune vanhu veUkraine. BBC inoshuma kuti vazhinji vakasarudza kuramba kutumirwa kweRussia mafuta negesi. Ichi chiratidzo chakanaka chekuti vanhu vanoda kuita sarudzo dzakadai kana vachinge vanzwa kuti ndidzo.

Ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero chekugadzirisa kukanganisa kwevanhu kwemamiriro ekunze

Iko kukurumidza kugadzirisa kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kunobatanidza zvakananga nekukurumidzira kwekudzivirira hondo nekugadzirisa kukakavara kwevanhu kuburikidza nekukurukurirana uye kubvumirana nekuderedza zvinozivikanwa zvinokonzera hondo - zvakadai sekutsamira pamafuta efossil.

Mazuva mashoma mushure mekurwisa kweRussia, imwe itsva IPCC mushumo akajekesa kuti kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakatonyanya kuipa kupfuura zvataifunga. Uye mimwe mibairo iri kuuya nekukurumidza. Mari yekubatsira vanhu iri kuyerwa mumamiriyoni ehupenyu hwakakanganiswa kare, uye nhamba iyi iri kukura zvakanyanya. Irwo rudzi rwakasiyana rwehondo kugadzirira migumisiro uye kuedza kuderedza zvikonzero zvekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Asi zvakangokoshawo mukuderedza kusawirirana kunozongokwidza mari dzevanhu.

Zvinobvumirana pasi rose kuti vanhu vanofanira kuderedza kubudiswa kweGHG kuti vasvike pa1.5°C muganho mukudziya kwepasi. Izvi zvinoda mari isingaenzaniswi mune shanduko yakaenzana kune yakaderera kabhoni (inovandudzwa) masimba emagetsi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvakakosha kuti pasave nemafuta matsva negasi mapurojekiti anotenderwa. Kugadzirwa kuripo kunofanirwa kuderedzwa zvakanyanya kumashure. Zvinoreva kuti tinofanira kushandura rubatsiro rwemutero kubva kumafuta ezvicherwa uye kuenda kumhepo, solar, nemamwe magetsi akachena. 

Zvichida zvisingadzivisiki, kupindira kweUkraine kwakabatsira kukwidza mitengo yemafuta uye gasi pasi rose (uye nokudaro, mutengo wepeturu nedhiziri). Izvi zvinokonzeresa pasi rose kubva mukukonana kudiki-diki kunogona kudzikiswa kana ikabviswa kubva kumafuta ezvicherwa. Ehe, zvishuwo zvemafuta eUS zvakasundira kuchera kwakawanda muzita re "US simba rusununguko" zvisinei nekuti US inotengesera mafuta kunze kwenyika uye inogona kutonyanya kuzvimiririra nekumhanyisa indasitiri yatokura inovandudza indasitiri. 

Vazhinji vemasangano uye vanoisa mari pamunhu vakatsvaga kubvisa mapotifolio avo ese emakambani ehydrocarbon, uye vari kuda kuti makambani ese ari mumapotfolio avo aburitse maburi avo uye vape hurongwa hwakajeka hwekuti vachawana sei kuburitsa zero. Kune avo vasiri kusvetukira, kuenderera mberi kwekudyara mukuwedzera chikamu chemafuta negasi hazvienderane neChibvumirano cheParis che2016 chekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, uye kugona kwenguva refu kwekudyara kwavo. Uye kukurumidza kuri kumashure kwet-zero zvinangwa.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti kuwedzera simba rinogona kudzokororwa, mota dzemagetsi, uye matekinoroji ane hukama zvinoderedza kudiwa kweoiri negesi. Chokwadi, mutengo une chekuita nemagetsi ekuvandudza tekinoroji wakatodzikira pane fossil-mafuta anogadzirwa simba - kunyangwe iyo fossil indasitiri yemafuta inogamuchira yakawedzera mutero rubatsiro. Zvakakosha, mapurazi emhepo nesolar - kunyanya anotsigirwa nekuisa zuva rega rega padzimba, mashopu, uye zvimwe zvivakwa - haanyanyi kunetseka nekukanganiswa kwevanhu vazhinji, kungave kubva kumamiriro ekunze kana hondo. Kana, sezvatinotarisira, zuva nemhepo zvichiramba zvichitevera kukurumidza kuwedzera maitiro ekufambisa kwemamwe makore gumi, gadziriro yesimba remhepo iri pedyo-net-zero inogona kuwanikwa mukati memakore 25 munyika idzo dzave pakati peanoburitsa magasi egreenhouse.

The pasi mutsetse

Shanduko inodiwa kubva kumafuta emafuta kuenda kusimba rakachena ichave inovhiringidza. Kunyanya kana tikashandisa nguva ino munguva kuti ikurumidze. Asi haizombofi yakavhiringidza kana kuparadza sehondo. 

Mhenderekedzo yeUkraine iri pasi pekukombwa sezvandinonyora. Nhasi uno, ngarava mbiri dzinotakura zvinhu dzatambura kuputika ndokunyura nokurasikirwa noupenyu hwavanhu. Hove nenharaunda dzemumhenderekedzo yegungwa dzichawedzera kukuvadzwa nemafuta anodonha kubva mungarava kusvika, kana, kana, aponeswa. Uye, ndiani anoziva chiri kubuda kubva kunzvimbo dzakaparadzwa nemakomba kupinda mumvura yeUkraine uye nekudaro kugungwa redu repasi rose? Kutyisidzirwa kwegungwa ikoko kunobva kwakurumidza. Migumisiro yekubuda kwegasi regreenhouse yakawandisa inotyisa zvikuru. Imwe iyo dzinenge nyika dzese dzakatobvumirana kugadzirisa, uye zvino dzinofanirwa kuzadzisa zvisungo izvozvo.

Dambudziko rekubatsira vanhu harisati rapera. Uye hazvibviri kuziva kuti chikamu ichi chehondo isiri pamutemo yeRussia chichapera sei. Asi, isu tinogona kusarudza, pano uye ikozvino, kuzvipira pasi rose kumisa kutsamira kwedu pamafuta ezvicherwa. Kutsamira kunova chimwe chezvikonzero zvehondo iyi. 
Autocracies haiite simba rakagoverwa - solar panels, mabhatiri, turbines emhepo, kana fusion. Vanovimba nemafuta uye gasi. Hurumende dzinozvitonga hadzigamuchire kusununguka kwesimba kuburikidza nezvinovandudzwa nekuti simba rakagovaniswa rakadaro rinowedzera kuenzana uye rinoderedza kuwanda kwehupfumi. Kuisa mari mukugadzirisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze zvakare nezve kupa masimba emademocracy kukunda hutongi hwejekerere.