Iyo Thermoregulating Ectotherm

NaJake Zadik, aimbove kufambiswa kwemashoko neThe Ocean Foundation uyo ave kudzidza kuCuba.

Saka, iwe unobvunza, chii chinonzi thermoregulating ectotherm? Shoko rekuti “ectotherm” rinoreva mhuka dzinowanzova netembiricha yemuviri inofananidzwa nenzvimbo yadzinogara. Havagoni kudzora tembiricha yavo mukati. Vanhu vanowanzovadaidza se "neropa-rinotonhora", asi izwi iri rinowanzo tungamira vanhu kazhinji kazhinji. Ectotherms inosanganisira zvinokambaira, amphibians, uye hove. Mhuka idzi dzinowanzobudirira munzvimbo dzinodziya. Simba rinogara richibuda reropa rinodziya (zvinoyamwisa) uye mhuka ine ropa rinotonhora (reptile) sebasa rekushisa kwepakati.

“Thermoregulating,” zvinoreva kukwanisa kwemhuka kuchengetedza tembiricha yadzo yemukati, pasina hanya netembiricha. Kana kunze kuchitonhora, zvipuka izvi zvinokwanisa kugara zvichidziya. Kana kunze kuchipisa, mhuka idzi dzinokwanisa kuzvitonhodza pasi kwete kupisa zvakanyanya. Aya ndiwo “maendotherm,” akadai seshiri nemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Endotherms inokwanisa kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri nguva dzose uye inonziwo homeotherms.

Saka, panguva ino unogona kuona kuti zita rebhurogu rino ndere kupokana — chisikwa chisingakwanisi kudzora tembiricha yemuviri asi chichinyatso kugona kudzora tembiricha yemuviri wayo? Hungu, uye chisikwa chakanyanya kukosha zvechokwadi.

Uyu mwedzi weturtle yegungwa kuThe Ocean Foundation, ndosaka ndakasarudza kunyora nezve leatherback sea turtle uye yakakosha thermoregulation. Tsvagiridzo yekutevera yakaratidza kamba iyi kuve nemafambiro ekufamba achiyambuka makungwa, uye kugara achishanyira nzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana. Vanotamira kune zvinovaka muviri, asi mvura inotonhora zvikuru kusvika kuchamhembe seNova Scotia, Canada, uye vane nzvimbo dzekugara mumvura dzinopisa muCaribbean. Hapana chimwe chinokambaira chinoshivirira kushivirira kwakasiyana-siyana kwemamiriro ekushisa-ndinotaura zvakasimba nokuti kune zvinokambaira zvinoshivirira pasi pekushisa kwechando, asi zviite mumamiriro eku hibernating. Izvi zvave zvichifadza herpetologists uye marine biologist kwemakore akawanda, asi zvave kuwanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura kuti idzi huru dzinokambaira dzinodzora tembiricha yadzo.

…Asi iwo maectotherms, vanoita sei izvi??…

Kunyangwe ichifananidzwa muhukuru kune diki compact mota, ivo havana yakavakirwa mukudziya system inouya yakajairwa. Zvakadaro saizi yavo inoita basa rakakosha mukudzora kwavo tembiricha. Nekuda kwekuti dzakakura kudaro, turtles dzemugungwa dzeleatherback dzine nzvimbo yakaderera kusvika kuhuwandu hwehuwandu, nokudaro tembiricha yepakati yekamba inoshanduka pamwero unononoka. Ichi chiitiko chinonzi "gigantothermy." Masayendisiti mazhinji anotenda kuti ichi chaivewo chimiro chemhuka dzakawanda dzakakura dzekare munguva yechando uye zvakazoita kuti dziparare sezvo tembiricha dzakatanga kukwira (nekuti dzaisakwanisa kutonhora nekukurumidza).

Kamba zvakare yakaputirwa mumucheka webrown adipose tissue, yakasimba insulating layer yemafuta anowanzo kuwanikwa mumhuka dzinoyamwisa. Iyi sisitimu inokwanisa kuchengetedza kupfuura 90% yekupisa papakati pemhuka, ichidzikisa kurasikirwa kwekupisa kuburikidza neyakavhurika. Kana iri mumvura yakanyanya kupisa, zvinongopesana zvinoitika. Flipper sitiroko frequency inoderera zvakanyanya, uye ropa rinofamba zvakasununguka kusvika kumagumo uye rinodzinga kupisa kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzisina kuvharwa mune insulating tishu.

Leatherback turtles dzemugungwa dzinobudirira pakudzora tembiricha yemuviri wadzo zvekuti dzinokwanisa kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri isingachinji 18 madhigirii kumusoro kana kuzasi kweambient tembiricha. Izvi zvinoshamisa zvekuti vamwe vaongorori vanopokana nekuti maitiro aya anoitwa neatherback turtles egungwa ari endothermic. Nekudaro, maitiro aya haaitwe anatomically, saka vaongorori vazhinji vanoti iyi ishanduro yakaderera ye endothermy zvakanyanya.

Leatherback turtles handiwo ega ectotherms emugungwa ane kugona uku. Bluefin tuna ine yakasarudzika dhizaini yemuviri inochengeta ropa ravo papakati pemuviri wavo uye ine yakafanana counter ikozvino yekupisa yekupisa system kune leatherback. Swordfish inochengeta kupisa pamisoro yavo kuburikidza neyakafanana insulating brown adipose tissue layer kuti iwedzere kuona kwayo kana ichishambira mumvura yakadzika kana inotonhora. Kunewo mamwe mahombe egungwa anorasikirwa nekupisa zvishoma nezvishoma, akadai se<em>white shark huru.

Ini ndinofunga thermoregulation ingori imwe chete inonakidza hunhu hweizvi zvisikwa zvakanakisa zvine zvakawanda kupfuura zvinosangana neziso. Kubva pavana vaduku vanochochonya vanoenda kumvura kusvika kune hono dzinogara dzichimhara nehadzi dzinogara dzichidzoka, zvakawanda pamusoro pazvo hazvisati zvazivikanwa. Vatsvakurudzi havana chokwadi chekuti kamba idzi dzinopedzera kupi makore mashoma ekutanga ehupenyu hwadzo. Chinoramba chiri chinhu chisinganzwisisike kuti mhuka huru idzi dzinofamba daro dzinofamba sei nemazvo. Sezvineiwo tiri kudzidza nezvekamba dzemugungwa pamwero unononoka kudarika mwero wehuwandu hwadzo hunodzikira.

Mukupedzisira zvinozofanirwa kuve kutsunga kwedu kuchengetedza zvatinoziva, uye kuda kwedu kuziva nezve zvisinganzwisisike tumba twemugungwa zvinotungamira mukuedza kwakasimba kuchengetedza. Pane zvakawanda zvisingazivikanwi nezvemhuka idzi dzinonakidza uye kurarama kwadzo kunotyisidzirwa nekurasikirwa nemahombekombe egungwa, mapurasitiki uye kumwe kusvibiswa kwegungwa, uye kubatwa netsaona mumambure ekuredza uye tambo refu. Tibatsireiwo pa Iyo Ocean Foundation tsigira avo vanozvipira mukutsvagisa turtle dzemugungwa nekuedza kuchengetedza kuburikidza neSea Turtle Fund yedu.

References:

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