Iyo Underwater Cultural Heritage yeHondo Yenyika II

Gore roga roga panguva ino, tinotora nguva yekuyeuka kurwiswa kwakaitwa Pearl Harbor kwakakatyamadza United States munhandare yePacific yeHondo Yenyika II. Mwedzi wapera, ndakava nomukana wokubatanidzwa mukuunganidza avo vachiri kubatikana zvikuru pashure pehondo dzakapfuura, zvikurukuru Hondo Yenyika II. Dare reMagweta reCultural Heritage Preservation rakaita musangano waro wepagore muWashington, DC Gore rino musangano wapemberera makore makumi manomwe eBattles of the Coral Sea, Midway, and Guadalcanal uye wakapihwa musoro. Kubva Pakupambwa kusvika Kuchengetedzwa: Iyo Untold Nyaya yeCultural Heritage, Hondo Yenyika II, uye Pacific.

Zuva rekutanga remusangano rakanangana nekuyedza kubatanidzazve hunyanzvi uye zvigadzirwa nevaridzi vazvo vepakutanga mushure mekunge vatorwa munguva yehondo. Iyi nhamburiko zvinosuruvarisa inokundikana kuratidzira nhamburiko yokugadzirisa umbavha hwakafanana munhandare yemitambo yeEurope. Kupararira kwakakura kwenzvimbo kwePacific theatre, rusaruraganda, zvinyorwa zvishoma zvevaridzi, uye chishuwo chekushamwaridzana neJapan semubatanidzwa uchipokana nekukura kwecommunism muAsia, zvese zvakapa matambudziko. Nehurombo, kwaivewo kubatanidzwa kwevateresi vekuAsia uye vatariri mukudzoreredza uye kudzoreredza avo vaive vasina kushingaira kupfuura zvavaifanira kunge vakave nekuda kwekukonana kwekufarira. Asi takanzwa nezve mabasa anoshamisa evanhu vakaita saArdelia Hall avo vakapa tarenda rakawanda nesimba semukadzi mumwechete kuedza kudzoserwa kumusha mubasa rake seMonument, Fine Arts, uye Archives chipangamazano kuDhipatimendi reHurumende panguva uye kwemakore akatevera WW II. .

Zuva rechipiri rakapirwa mukuedza kuona, kudzivirira, uye kudzidza ndege dzakadonha, ngarava, uye imwe nhaka yemauto in situ kuti vanzwisise zviri nani nhoroondo yavo. Uye, kuti tikurukure nezvedambudziko remafuta angangove, zvombo uye kumwe kudonha kubva mungarava dzakanyura, ndege, uye zvimwe zvikepe sezvazvinoora munzvimbo pasi pemvura (pani paive nerubatsiro rwedu kumusangano).

Hondo Yenyika II muPacific inogona kunzi hondo yegungwa. Hondo dzakaitika pazvitsuwa nemaatolls, pagungwa rakashama uye mumabheji nemakungwa. Fremantle Harbour (Western Australia) yakabata nzvimbo huru yePacific yepasi pemvura yeUS Navy kwenguva zhinji yehondo. Chitsuwa nechitsuwa chakava nhare yesimba rinopikisa kana rimwe. Nharaunda dzenharaunda dzakarasikirwa nezvikamu zvisingaverengeki zvenhaka yavo yetsika uye zvivakwa. As in

hondo dzose, maguta namataundi nemisha zvakachinjwa zvikuru somuuyo wepfuti, mwoto, uye mabhomba. Zvakangodarowo kwaiva kureba kwemacoral reef, zvitsuwa, uye zvimwe zviwanikwa apo ngarava dzaimiswa, ndege dzikadonha, uye mabhomba akawira mumvura uye kumucheto kwegungwa. Zvikepe zvekutengesa zveJapan zvinopfuura 7,000 XNUMX chete zvakanyura mukati mehondo.

Makumi ezviuru zvezvikepe nendege zvakadonhedzwa zviri pasi pemvura uye munzvimbo dziri kure muPacific yose. Kuparara kwakawanda kwacho kunomiririra makuva evaya vaiva mungarava pakasvika mugumo. Zvinotendwa kuti vashoma varipo, uye nekudaro, vashoma vanomiririra njodzi yezvakatipoteredza kana mukana wekugadzirisa chero chakavanzika pamusoro pekuguma kwemushandi. Asi kutenda ikoko kunogona kukanganiswa nekushaikwa kwedata - isu hatisi kunyatsoziva kuti ndekupi kwakaparara, kunyangwe isu tichiziva kazhinji kwakaitika kunyura kana kudzika.

Vamwe vakurukuri pamusangano wacho vakakurukura zvinetso zvacho zvakananga. Rimwe dambudziko nderemuridzi wengarava maringe nekodzero dzenharaunda pakanyura ngarava. Zvichiwedzera, mutemo wetsika dzepasi rose unoratidza kuti chero ngarava yehurumende inzvimbo yehurumende iyoyo (ona, semuenzaniso, US Sunken Military Craft Act of 2005) - chero painonyura, inowira pasi, kana kuti inofamba mugungwa. Ndizvo zvakaitawo chero ngarava iri pasi pekurenda kuhurumende panguva yechiitiko. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe emakororo aya akagara mumvura yemuno kweanopfuura makumi matanhatu emakore, uye anogona kunge akave akave diki tsime remari yemuno sekukwezva dive.

Ngarava imwe neimwe yakadonhedzwa kana ndege inomiririra chikamu chenhoroondo yenyika uye nhaka. Kusiyana kwakasiyana kwekukosha uye kukosha kwezvakaitika kare kunogoverwa kumidziyo yakasiyana. Mutungamiri John F. Kennedy basa riri mu PT 109 rinogona kupa kukosha kukuru kudarika mamwe mazana maviri ePT's akashandiswa muPacific Theater.

Saka izvi zvinorevei kugungwa nhasi? Ndakaongorora pani yaitarisa chaizvo kugadzirisa kutyisidzira kwezvakatipoteredza kubva kuzvikepe uye zvimwe zvikepe zvakanyura kubva kuHondo Yenyika II. Vatatu ava vaive Laura Gongaware (weTulane University Law School) vakaisa mamiriro ezvinhu nepfupiso yemibvunzo yemutemo ingangomuka pasi pemutemo weUS nepasirese mukugadzirisa zvinonetsa zvinounzwa nechikepe chakanyura icho chinogona kukanganisa nharaunda yegungwa. pabepa razvino uno akanyora naOle Varmer (Gweta-Advisor International Section Hofisi yeGeneral Counsel). Akateverwa naLisa Symons (Hofisi yeNational Marine Sanctuaries, NOAA) ane mharidzo yakanangana nemaitiro ayo NOAA akagadzira kudzikisa runyoro rwemamwe 20,000 angangove nzvimbo dzakaparara munzvimbo dzeUS dzemvura kusvika pasi pe110 inoda kunyatsoongororwa. nokuda kwekukuvadzwa kuripo kana kunogona kuitika. Uye, Craig A. Bennett (Director, National Pollution Funds Center) yakavharwa nemhedziso yekuti sei uye riini mafuta ekuteuka kwemhosva trust fund uye Oil Pollution Act ye1990 inogona kushandiswa kugadzirisa kushushikana kwengarava dzakanyura senjodzi yezvakatipoteredza.

Pakupedzisira, isu tichiziva kuti dambudziko rinogona kuitika kwezvakatipoteredza imafuta emubunker, kutakura zvinhu zvine njodzi, zvombo, midziyo ine zvinhu zvine njodzi, zvichingodaro zvichiri mukati kana mukati mezvikepe zvemauto zvakanyura (kusanganisira ngarava dzevatengesi), hatizivi nechokwadi kuti ndiani angangove ane mhosva. yekudzivirira kukuvadza kuhutano hwezvakatipoteredza, uye/kana kuti ndiani ane mhosva kana paine kukuvara kwakadaro. Uye, isu tinofanirwa kuenzanisa nhoroondo uye / kana tsika kukosha kwekuparara kweWWII muPacific? Kuchenesa nekudzivirira kusvibiswa kunoremekedza sei nhaka uye chinzvimbo cheguva remauto chengarava yakanyura yemauto? Isu kuThe Ocean Foundation tinotenda rudzi urwu rwemukana wekudzidzisa nekubatana mukupindura iyi mibvunzo nekugadzira hurongwa hwekugadzirisa kusawirirana kungangoitika.