Ndivanaani Mhuka dzeMarine?

NaMichael Stocker, Muvambi Director weOcean Conservation Research, chirongwa cheThe Ocean Foundation

Kana vanhu vari munharaunda yekuchengetedzwa kwenharaunda vanofunga nezvemhuka dzemugungwa whales dzinowanzova pamusoro pechinyorwa. Asi kune dzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa dzakati wandei dzekupemberera mwedzi uno. The Pinnipeds, kana kuti “fin footed” zvisimbiso neshumba dzegungwa; the Marine Mustelids - otters, vakanyorova vehama dzavo; maSirenians anosanganisira dugong nemamanatee; uye mhuka inonzi polar bear, inoonekwa semhuka yegungwa inoyamwisa nokuti inopedza nguva yakawanda youpenyu hwadzo iri mumvura kana kuti pamusoro pemvura.

Zvichida nei cetaceans ichikurudzira fungidziro dzedu dzakabatanidzwa kupfuura dzimwe mhuka dzemugungwa imhaka yekuti magumo evanhu uye ngano dzave dzakarukwa zvisingaite mumagumo emhuka idzi kwezviuru zvemakore. Kusaziva kwaJona nehove ndeyekutanga kusangana kwakakodzera kurera (umo Jona haana kuzopedzisira adyiwa newhale). Asi semuimbi ndinodawo kugovera ngano yaArion - mumwewo muimbi makore ekuma700 BCE akaponeswa nemadolphin nekuti aizivikanwa semumwe muimbi.

Shanduro yeCliff Note yengano yaArion yaive yekuti aidzoka kubva kushanya aine chipfuva chizere nepfuma yaakagamuchira mubhadharo ye 'gigs' yake apo pakati pekufamba vafambisi vechikepe chake vakafunga kuti vaida chipfuva uye vaienda. kukandira Arioni mugungwa. Aona kuti kutaurirana nezvenyaya yezvikepe nevaaifamba navo mungarava kwanga kusiri mumakadhi, Arion akabvunza kana aigona kuimba rwiyo rwekupedzisira vasati vamurasa. Achinzwa shoko rakadzama murwiyo rwaArion ma dolphin akasvika kuzomuunganidza kubva mugungwa ndokumuendesa kunyika.

Ehezve kumwe kusangana kwedu kwakashata nemawhale kunosanganisira 300 year whaling indasitiri iyo yakabatidza nekuisa mafuta mumaguta makuru muWestern neEuropean makondinendi - kusvika mawhale anenge apera (mamiriyoni emhuka dzinoshamisa dzakadzimwa, kunyanya mumakore makumi manomwe neshanu apfuura. yeindasitiri).

Mawhale akauya zvakare pasonar yeruzhinji mushure me1970 Nziyo dzeHumpback Whale album yakayeuchidza ruzhinji rwevanhu kuti whales akanga asiri mabhegi enyama nemafuta aifanira kuchinjwa kuva mari; asi zvakanga zviri zvikara zvinonzwisisa zvinogara mutsika dzakaoma kunzwisisa uye kuimba nziyo dzinonyandura. Zvakatora makore anopfuura gumi nemana kuti pakupedzisira kuisa chibvumirano chepasi rose pakubata whaling, saka kunze kwenyika nhatu dzine hutsinye dzeJapan, Norway, neIceland, kushambadzira kwewhaling kwese kwakamira panosvika 14.

Nepo vafambisi vezvikepe munhoroondo yese vachiziva kuti gungwa rakazara mermaid, naiads, selkies, uye sirens vese vachiimba nziyo dzavo dzinotyisa, dzinokurudzira, uye dzinonakidza, kwaive kutarisisa nguva pfupi yadarika panziyo dzewhale dzakaunza kubvunza kwesainzi kune ruzha rwakaita. mhuka dzemugungwa dzinogadzira. Kwemakore makumi maviri apfuura zvakaonekwa kuti mhuka zhinji dziri mugungwa - kubva kumakorari, hove, kusvika kuma dolphin - dzese dzine hukama hwebioacoustic nenzvimbo yadzo.

Mamwe manzwi - kunyanya dziya dzinobva muhove hazvionekwi sezvinonyanya kufadza kuvanhu. Kune rumwe rutivi (kana rumwe rutivi) nziyo dzemhuka zhinji dzomugungwa dzinogona kuva dzechokwadi yakaoma uye yakanaka. Nepo mafambiro eiyo bio-sonar yema dolphin uye porpoises akanyanya kukwirira kuti isu tinzwe, manzwi avo emagariro anogona kunge ari muhuwandu hwemanzwisisiro emunhu uye anofadza chaizvo. Ukuwo mitsindo mizhinji yemahombe e<em>baleen whale yakadzikira kwazvo kuti isu tinzwe, saka tinofanira “kuikurumidzisa” kuti tiite pfungwa ipi zvayo. Asi padzinoiswa pakati pekunzwa kwevanhu dzinogonawo kunzwika zvinokatyamadza, kurira kweminke whale kunogona kunzwika sekiriketi, uye nziyo dzekufamba dzeblue whale hadzina tsananguro.

Asi iyi inongova cetaceans; zvisimbiso zvakawanda - kunyanya avo vanogara munzvimbo dzepakati penyika apo rima rinokunda mune dzimwe mwaka vane inzwi repertoire iyo isiri-yenyika. Dai waifamba nechikepe muGungwa reWeddell uye ukanzwa chisimbiso cheWeddell, kana mugungwa reBeaufort uye ukanzwa chisimbiso chendebvu nemukati mako ungashamisika kana wakazviwana uri kune imwe nyika.

Tinongova nezviratidzo zvishomanana kuti manzwi asinganzwisisiki aya anopinda sei mumufambiro wemhuka dzomugungwa; zvavanonzwa, uye zvavanoita nazvo, asi sezvizhinji zvezvipuka zvemugungwa zvave kujairana nekwavanogara mugungwa kwemakore 20-30 miriyoni zvinogoneka kuti mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyi dziri kunze kwekunzwisisa kwedu.
Chakanyanya chikonzero chekupemberera hama dzedu dzemugungwa dzinoyamwisa.

© 2014 Michael Stocker
Michael ndiye mutungamiriri wekutanga weOcean Conservation Research, chirongwa cheOcean Foundation chinotsvaga kunzwisisa kukanganisa kweruzha rwunogadzirwa nevanhu munzvimbo dzemugungwa. Bhuku rake richangoburwa Inzwa Kwatiri: Ruzha, Ecology, uye Sense Yenzvimbo inoongorora kuti vanhu nedzimwe mhuka dzinoshandisa sei ruzha kusimbisa hukama hwavo nenzvimbo yadziri.