Litikoloho tsa Lebopo ke Mokhoa oa Rōna oa Pele oa Tšireletso Khahlanong le Maholiotsoana

Maholiotsoana a morao tjena Harvey, Irma, Jose le Maria, ao liphello tsa ’ona le tšenyo e ntseng e utloahala ho pholletsa le Caribbean le United States, li re hopotsa hore mabōpo a rōna le ba lulang haufi le ’ona ba kotsing. Ha lifefo li ntse li mpefala le boemo ba leholimo bo ntseng bo fetoha, likhetho tsa rona ke life ho tsoela pele ho sireletsa mabopo a rona khahlanong le lifefo le likhohola? Mekhoa ea ho itšireletsa e entsoeng ke batho, joalo ka mabota a leoatle, hangata e bitsa chelete e ngata haholo. Li hloka ho nchafatsoa khafetsa ha metsi a leoatle a ntse a phahama, e le tšitiso ho bohahlauli, 'me ho eketsa konkreite ho ka senya tikoloho ea tlhaho e lebopong la leoatle. Leha ho le joalo, tlhaho ea 'm'e e iketselitse morerong oa hae oa phokotso ea kotsi, e kenyeletsang tikoloho ea tlhaho. Litikoloho tse lebōpong la leoatle, tse kang libaka tse mongobo, litutulu, meru ea kelp, li-oyster beds, mafika a likorale, maoatle a joang le meru ea lifate tsa mangrove li ka thusa ho thibela maqhubu le maholiotsoana hore a se ke a khoholeha le ho hohola mabōpo a rōna. Hona joale, hoo e ka bang karolo ea bobeli ho tse tharo ea lebōpo la United States e sirelelitsoe bonyane ke e 'ngoe ea lihloliloeng tsena tse lebōpong la leoatle. 

Ha re nke mohlala oa mekhoabo. Hase feela hore ba boloka carbon ka har'a mobu le limela (ho fapana le ho e lokolla sepakapakeng joaloka CO₂) le ho thusa ho leka-lekanya boemo ba rōna ba leholimo ba lefatše, empa hape li sebetsa joaloka liponche tse ka tšoasang metsi a ka holim’a metsi, pula, ho qhibiliha ha lehloa, metsi a ka tlas’a lefatše le likhohola, ho a thibela hore a se ke a thella lebōpong, ebe joale aa lokolla butle-butle. Sena se ka thusa ho fokotsa maemo a likhohola le ho fokotsa khoholeho. Haeba re ne re ka boloka le ho tsosolosa tikoloho ena e lebōpong la leoatle, re ne re ka fumana tšireletso eo hangata e neng e tla tsoa linthong tse kang levees.

Tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea litšenyehelo e senya le ho felisa tikoloho ena e lebōpong la leoatle. Phuputsong e ncha ea Narayan et. al (2017), bangoli ba fane ka liphetho tse ling tse khahlisang mabapi le boleng ba mekhoabo. Ka mohlala, nakong ea Leholiotsoana Sandy ka 2012, libaka tse mongobo li ile tsa thibela tšenyo ea thepa e fetang liranta tse limilione tse 625. Sandy e bakile bonyane mafu a tobileng a 72 ho la US le ts'enyehelo ea lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 50. Lipolao li bakiloe haholo ke likhohola tsa sefefo. Libaka tse mongobo li sebelitse joalo ka tšireletso lebopong la leoatle khahlano le sefefo se matla. Ho pholletsa le linaha tse 12 tse lebopong la Lebopo le Bochaba, libaka tse mongobo li khonne ho fokotsa ts'enyehelo ea Leholiotsoana Sandy ka karolelano ea 22% ho pholletsa le zip-code tse kenyellelitsoeng thutong. Litsela le litsela tse kholo tse fetang lik’hilomithara tse 1,400 10 li ne li sirelelitsoe ke mekhoabo ho tloha Leholiotsoana Sandy. New Jersey ka ho khetheha, mobu o mongobo o koahela hoo e ka bang 27% ea sebaka sa likhohola 'me ho hakanngoa hore e fokolitse tšenyo e tsoang ho Leholiotsoana Sandy ka hoo e ka bang 430% ka kakaretso, e fetolelang hoo e ka bang $XNUMX milione.

Thuto e 'ngoe ea Guannel et. al (2016) e fumane hore ha ho na le litsamaiso tse ngata (mohlala, mepopotlo ea likorale, makhulo a joang, le lifate tsa mangrove) tse kenyang letsoho ts'ireletsong ea libaka tse lebopong la leoatle, libaka tsena tsa bolulo hammoho li lekanya matla a maqhubu a tlang, maemo a likhohola le tahlehelo ea matsoai. Hammoho, litsamaiso tsena li sireletsa lebopo hamolemo ho e-na le tsamaiso e le 'ngoe feela kapa bolulo bo le bong. Phuputso ena e boetse e fumane hore mangrove feela a ka fana ka melemo e mengata ea tšireletso. Likorale le joang ba leoatleng ho na le monyetla o moholo oa ho thusa ho fokotsa kotsi ea khoholeho ea lebōpo le ho khothalletsa botsitso ba mabōpo, ho fokotsa maqhubu a haufi le lebōpo, le ho eketsa botsitso ba mabōpo khahlanong le likotsi leha e le life. Lifate tsa mangrove ke tsona tse atlehang ka ho fetisisa ho sireletsa mabōpo tlas'a maemo a sefefo le ao e seng a sefefo. 

Lintho tsena tse phelang lebopong la leoatle ha li bohlokoa feela nakong ea liketsahalo tse kholo tsa leholimo joalo ka maholiotsoana. Ba fokotsa tahlehelo ea likhohola selemo le selemo libakeng tse ngata, esita le ka lifefo tse nyane. Mohlala, mepopotlo ea likorale e ka fokotsa matla a maqhubu a otlang lebopo ka 85%. Lebōpo la Leoatle le ka Bochabela la US hammoho le Gulf Coast ke libaka tse tlaase haholo, mabōpo a leoatle a na le seretse kapa a lehlabathe, a etsa hore ho be bonolo ho senyeha, 'me libaka tsena li kotsing ea ho hlaseloa ke likhohola le sefefo. Esita le ha lintho tsena tse phelang ho tsona li se li senyehile, joalokaha ho le joalo ka mafika a mang a mafika, kapa merung ea lifate tsa mangrove, lintho tsena tse phelang le tikoloho ea tsona li ntse li re sireletsa maqhubung le maqhubung a leoatle. Leha ho le joalo, re ntse re tsoela pele ho felisa libaka tsena tsa bolulo ho fana ka sebaka sa lipapali tsa kolofo, lihotele, matlo, joalo-joalo. Lilemong tse 60 tse fetileng, tsoelo-pele ea litoropo e felisitse halofo ea meru ea lifate tsa mangrove ea Florida. Re felisa tšireletso ea rona. Hajoale, FEMA e sebelisa halofo ea bilione ea lidolara selemo le selemo ho fokotsa kotsi ea likhohola, ho arabela sechaba sa lehae. 

Ka sebele ho na le litsela tsa ho tsosolosa libaka tse sentsoeng ke maholiotsoana ka tsela e tla etsa hore a lokisetse lifefo tse tlang hamolemo, hape e tla baballa tikoloho ena ea bohlokoa ea tikoloho. Libaka tse lebōpong la leoatle e ka ba mokhoa oa pele oa tšireletso khahlanong le lifefo, 'me e ka' na ea se ke ea e-ba ntho e ka rarollang mathata a rona a likhohola kapa lifefo, empa ka sebele li loketse ho nka monyetla. Ho sireletsa le ho baballa tikoloho ena ho tla sireletsa baahi ba rona ba lebopong ha re ntse re ntlafatsa bophelo bo botle ba tikoloho ea libaka tse lebopong la leoatle.