Maoatle a Nyamelang: Ho ka etsoa eng ka khaello ea lehlabathe lefatšeng ka bophara?

Ha u ea lebōpong la leoatle leo u le khethileng lehlabuleng lena, ela hloko ka ho khetheha karolo ea bohlokoa ea lebōpo la leoatle: lehlabathe. Lehlabathe ke ntho eo re nahanang ka eona e le ngata; e koahela mabōpo a leoatle ho pota lefatše 'me ke eona karolo e ka sehloohong ea mahoatata. Leha ho le joalo, ha se lehlabathe lohle le bōpiloeng le lekana ’me ha baahi ba lefatše ba ntse ba eketseha, tlhoko ea rōna ea lehlabathe ea eketseha. Ka hona ho ntse ho hlaka haholoanyane hore lehlabathe ke mohloli o lekanyelitsoeng. Ho thata ho beha theko maikutlong ao a lehlabathe pakeng tsa menoana ea hau kapa ho haha ​​​​sandcastle, 'me haufinyane re ka' na ra tlameha ho etsa joalo ha phepelo ea lehlabathe ea lefats'e e ntse e fokotseha butle-butle.   

Ha e le hantle lehlabathe ke mohloli oa tlhaho oo re o sebelisang haholo ka mor'a moea le metsi. E teng hoo e batlang e le nthong e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe. Ka mohlala, mohaho oo mohlomong u lutseng ho oona hona joale ho ka etsahala hore ebe o entsoe ka konkreite, eo haholo-holo e leng lehlabathe le lehlohlojane. Litsela li entsoe ka konkreite. Khalase ea fensetere esita le karolo ea mohala oa hau le eona e entsoe ka lehlabathe le qhibilihileng. Nakong e fetileng, lehlabathe e ne e le mohloli o tloaelehileng oa letamo, empa kaha joale ho bile le likhaello libakeng tse ling, ho kentsoe melao e eketsehileng.

Lehlabathe le fetohile ntho e batloang le ho feta lefatšeng ka bophara. 'Me kahoo e fetohile theko e boima haholo.

Joale lehlabathe lee kaofela le tsoa hokae, 'me ho ka etsahala hore ebe re fela joang? Lehlabathe haholo-holo le simoloha lithabeng; Lithaba li felloa ke matla ke moea le pula, 'me boima ba tsona bo fokotseha ka sebōpeho sa likaroloana tse nyenyane tse khaohileng. Ho theosa le lilemo tse likete, linōka li ’nile tsa theola likaroloana tseo lithabeng ’me tsa etsa li-deposit sebakeng kapa haufi le moo li kopanang le leoatle (kapa letša) ho fetoha seo re se bonang e le litutulu tsa lehlabathe le lebōpo la leoatle.   

Credit Credit: Josh Withers/Unsplash

Hajoale, litoropo tsa rona li ntse li hola ka lebelo leo ho seng mohla li kileng tsa bonoa 'me litoropo li sebelisa samente ho feta leha e le neng pele. Ka mohlala, Chaena e sebelisitse samente e ngata lilemong tse ’maloa tse fetileng ho feta tse sebelisitsoeng ke United States lekholong lohle la bo20 la lilemo. Singapore e fetohile e khōlō ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng e rekang lehlabathe ka ntle ho naha. E ekelitse 130 square kilometers sebakeng sa eona sa naha nakong ea lilemo tse 40. Naha eo eohle e ncha e tsoa hokae? Ho lahlela lehlabathe ka hara lewatle. Ho boetse ho na le mefuta e itseng feela ea lehlabathe e ka sebelisetsoang konkreite mme mefuta e meng ha e na thuso mesebetsing ea batho. Lehlabathe le kolobisitsoeng hantle leo u ka le fumanang Lehoatateng la Sahara le ke ke la etsoa thepa ea kaho. Libaka tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa ho fumana lehlabathe bakeng sa konkreite ke mabōpo a linōka le mabōpong a leoatle. Tlhokahalo ea lehlabathe e etsa hore re tlose linōka, mabōpo a leoatle, meru le masimo e le hore re fihle lehlabatheng. Bokebekoa bo hlophisitsoeng bo bile bo hapile libakeng tse ling.

Lenaneo la Machaba a Kopaneng la Tikoloho le hakantse hore ka 2012, lefatše le ile la sebelisa lithane tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 30 tsa lehlabathe le lehlohlojane ho etsa konkreite.

Ke lehlabathe le lekaneng ho haha ​​lerako le bophahamo ba limithara tse 27 le bophara ba limithara tse 27 ho pota equator! Theko ea khoebo ea lehlabathe e ka ba makhetlo a tšeletseng ho feta lilemo tse 25 tse fetileng le US, tlhahiso ea lehlabathe e eketsehile ka 24% lilemong tse 5 tse fetileng. Ho bile le pefo holim'a mehloli ea lehlabathe libakeng tse kang India, Kenya, Indonesia, Chaena le Vietnam. Mafia a lehlabathe le merafo e seng molaong ea lehlabathe li atile haholo-holo linaheng tse nang le puso e fokolang le bobolu. Ho ea ka motsamaisi oa Lefapha la Lisebelisuoa tsa Kaho la Vietnam, naha e ka 'na ea felloa ke lehlabathe ka selemo sa 2020. 

Ho rafa lehlabathe ho ne ho atile haholo lefatšeng ka bophara. Meepo ea lehlabathe ha e le hantle e ne e le lithako tse kholo tse neng li ka hula lehlabathe lebōpong la leoatle. Qetellong, batho ba ile ba qala ho hlokomela hore merafo ena e ne e senya mabōpo ’me merafo e ile ea qala ho tima butle-butle. Leha ho le joalo, leha ho se ho boletsoe, lehlabathe e ntse e le thepa e chekoang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Lehlabathe le lehlohlojane li etsa karolo ea 85% ea ntho e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e rafshoang lefatšeng ka bophara selemo se seng le se seng. Morafo oa ho qetela o setseng oa lehlabathe o lebopong la Amerika o tla koaloa ka 2020.

Meepo ea Lehlabathe

Ho hula lehlabathe, ho etsoang ka tlas'a metsi, ke tsela e 'ngoe eo lehlabathe le tlosoang sebakeng se seng ho ea ho se seng. Hangata lehlabathe lena le sebelisetsoa “ho fepa lebōpo hape,” le tlatsang lehlabathe le lahlehileng sebakeng se tsoang ho hoholeha ha nako e telele, khoholeho ea mobu, kapa mehloling e meng ea ho khoholeha. Phepo e ncha ea mabōpo e baka likhang libakeng tse ngata ka lebaka la theko e tsamaeang le eona le taba ea hore ke tokiso ea nakoana. Mohlala, Lebōpo la Bathtub le Martin County, Florida le bile le phepo e ntle haholo. Lilemong tse peli tse fetileng, chelete e fetang $6 milione e sebelisitsoe ho fepa le ho khutlisetsa litutulu Lebōpong la Bathtub feela. Litšoantšo tse tsoang lebōpong la leoatle ka linako tse ling li bontša lehlabathe le lecha le nyamela lebōpong la leoatle nakong ea lihora tse 24 (sheba ka tlase). 

Na ho na le pheko bakeng sa khaello ee ea lehlabathe? Nakong ena, sechaba se itšetlehile haholo ka lehlabathe hore le khaotse ho le sebelisa ka ho feletseng. Karabo e 'ngoe e ka ba ho tsosolosa lehlabathe. Ka mohlala, haeba u e-na le mohaho oa khale oa konkreite o seng o sa sebelisoe kapa o nkeloa sebaka, u ka senya konkreite e tiileng 'me ua e sebelisa ho etsa konkreite e "ncha". Ehlile, ho na le mefokolo ea ho etsa sena: e ka bitsa chelete e ngata 'me konkreite e seng e sebelisitsoe ha e tšoane le ho sebelisa lehlabathe le foreshe. Asphalt e ka boela ea sebelisoa hape 'me ea sebelisoa e le mokhoa o mong bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse ling. Ho feta moo, tse ling tse nkelang lehlabathe sebaka li kenyelletsa meaho ea meaho e nang le lehong le joang, empa ho ke ke ha etsahala hore tse tla tsebahala ho feta konkreite. 

Credit Credit: Bogomil Mihaylo/Unsplash

Ka 2014, Brithani e ile ea khona ho tsosolosa 28% ea thepa ea eona ea mohaho, 'me ka 2025, EU e rera ho tsosolosa 75% ea lisebelisoa tsa mohaho oa likhalase, tse lokelang ho thusa ho fokotsa tlhokahalo ea lehlabathe la indasteri. Singapore e rera ho sebelisa tsamaiso ea li-dykes le lipompo bakeng sa morero oa eona o latelang oa ho tsosolosa e le hore e se ke ea itšetleha haholo ka lehlabathe. Bafuputsi le lienjineri ba ntse ba batla mekhoa e meng ea konkreite, 'me ba tšepa hore khabareng, ho sebelisa bocha lihlahisoa tsa rona tse thehiloeng lehlabatheng ho tla thusa ho fokotsa tlhoko ea lehlabathe. 

Ho ntšoa ha lehlabathe, ho rafa le ho chesoa ha lehlabathe kaofela ho amahanngoa le litlamorao tse mpe tsa tikoloho. Ka mohlala, Kenya, ho ntšoa ha lehlabathe ho ’nile ha amahanngoa le mepopotlo ea likorale tse senyang. India, ho ntšoa ha lehlabathe ho soketse likoena tse kotsing e khōlō. Kwa Indonesia, ditlhaketlhake di nyeletse mo meepong e ntsi ya motlhaba.

Ho ntša lehlabathe sebakeng seo ho ka baka khoholeho ea lebōpo, ha senya tikoloho ea lintho tse phelang le lintho tse phelang ho eona, ho nolofaletsa ho fetisoa ha mafu, ’me ha etsa hore sebaka se kotsing ea likoluoa ​​tsa tlhaho haholoanyane.

Sena se 'nile sa bontšoa libakeng tse kang Sri Lanka, moo lipatlisiso li bontšitseng hore ka lebaka la merafo ea lehlabathe e etsahetseng pele ho tsunami ea 2004, maqhubu a ne a senya ho feta kamoo a neng a tla ba kateng haeba ho ne ho se na merafo ea lehlabathe. Dubai, ho phunya metsi ho baka maholiotsoana a ka tlas'a metsi, a bolaeang likokoana-hloko, a senya mafika a likorale, a fetola mokhoa oa ho potoloha ha metsi, 'me a ka bipetsa liphoofolo tse kang litlhapi ho koala likhahla tsa tsona. 

Ha ho na tebello ea hore lehlabathe la rona la lefats'e le tla emisa ho bata, empa ha ho hlokahale hore e khaotse. Re hloka feela ho ithuta ho fokotsa tšusumetso ea ho hula le ho khutla. Litekanyetso tsa kaho li lokela ho phahamisoa ho lelefatsa bophelo ba mohaho, ’me thepa ea mohaho e mengata kamoo ho ka khonehang e lokela ho sebelisoa hape. Lehlabathe le tla tsoela pele ho nyamela ha baahi ba rona ba ntse ba eketseha le litoropo tsa rona li ntse li eketseha. Ho hlokomela bothata ke mohato oa pele. Mehato e latelang ke ho lelefatsa bophelo ba lihlahisoa tsa lehlabathe, ho li sebelisa hape, le ho etsa lipatlisiso ka lihlahisoa tse ling tse ka nkang sebaka sa lehlabathe. Hajoale ha re loane ntoa e hlōlehileng, empa re hloka ho fetola maqheka a rona. 

mehloli e

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