Tsebo ea ho Bala le ho Ngola ea Leoatle le Phetoho ea Boitšoaro ba Paballo

RETS'ELISITSOE PHATLISISO

Tafole ea likateng

1. Selelekela
2. The Basics of Ocean Literacy
- 2.1 Kakaretso
- 2.2 Maano a Puisano
3. Phetoho ea Boitšoaro
- 3.1. Summary
- 3.2. Kopo
- 3.3. Kutloelo-bohloko e Thehiloeng ka Tlhaho
4. Thuto
- 4.1 STEM le Leoatle
- 4.2 Lisebelisoa bakeng sa Barupeli ba K-12
5. Phapano, Tekano, Kenyeletso, le Toka
6. Maemo, Mekhoa, le Lipontšo

1. Selelekela

E 'ngoe ea litšitiso tse kholo molemong oa tsoelopele lefapheng la paballo ea maoatle ke ho hloka kutloisiso ea 'nete ea bohlokoa, ho ba kotsing, le khokahanyo ea litsamaiso tsa maoatle. Lipatlisiso li bontša hore sechaba ha sea hlomelloa hantle ka tsebo mabapi le litaba tsa maoatle le phihlello ea tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ka maoatle joalo ka sebaka sa boithuto le tsela e sebetsang ea mosebetsi esale e sa lekana. Morero o mocha oa mantlha oa Ocean Foundation, oa Ruta Bakeng sa Mohato oa Leoatle, e thehiloe ka 2022 ho rarolla bothata bona. Teach For the Ocean e ikemiselitse ho fetola tsela eo re rutang ka eona mabapi leoatle hore e be lisebelisoa le mekhoa e khothalletsang mekhoa le mekhoa e mecha etsoe leoatle. Ho tšehetsa lenaneo lena, leqephe lena la lipatlisiso le reretsoe ho fana ka kakaretso ea lintlha tsa morao-rao le mekhoa ea morao-rao mabapi le tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ka leoatleng le phetoho ea boitšoaro ba paballo hammoho le ho tseba likheo tseo The Ocean Foundation e ka li tlatsang ka morero ona.

Ho tseba ho ngola ka leoatleng ke eng?

Le hoja tlhaloso e nepahetseng e fapana ho ea ka likhatiso, ka mantsoe a bonolo, tsebo ea leoatle ke kutloisiso ea tšusumetso ea leoatle ho batho le lefats'e ka kakaretso. Ke kamoo motho a hlokomelang tikoloho ea leoatle le kamoo bophelo bo botle le boiketlo ba leoatle bo ka amang motho e mong le e mong, hammoho le tsebo e akaretsang ea leoatle le bophelo bo ahileng ho lona, ​​sebopeho sa lona, ​​tšebetso ea lona, ​​le mokhoa oa ho buisana le sena. tsebo ho ba bang.

Phetoho ea boitšoaro ke eng?

Phetoho ea boitšoaro ke boithuto ba hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba fetola maikutlo le boitšoaro ba bona, le hore na batho ba ka susumetsa liketso tsa bona joang ho sireletsa tikoloho. Joalo ka tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ka maoatle, ho na le phehisano e itseng mabapi le tlhaloso e nepahetseng ea phetoho ea boitšoaro, empa hangata e kenyelletsa mehopolo e kenyelletsang likhopolo tsa kelello le maikutlo le ho etsa liqeto mabapi le paballo.

Ke eng e ka etsoang ho thusa ho rarolla likheo thutong, koetlisong, le likamanong tsa sechaba?

Mokhoa oa TOF oa ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola o tsepamisitse maikutlo holim'a tšepo, liketso, le phetoho ea boitšoaro, sehlooho se rarahaneng se tšohloang ke Mopresidente oa TOF Mark J. Spalding Blog ea rona ka 2015. Teach For the Ocean e fana ka lithupelo, tlhahisoleseding le lisebelisoa tsa marang-rang, le lits'ebeletso tsa tlhabollo ho tšehetsa sechaba sa rona sa barupeli ba likepe ha ba ntse ba sebetsa 'moho ho ntšetsa pele mokhoa oa bona oa ho ruta le ho ntshetsa pele tloaelo ea bona ea boikemisetso ho tlisa phetoho e tsitsitseng ea boitšoaro. Lintlha tse ling mabapi le Teach For the Ocean li ka fumanoa leqepheng la rona la boithaopo, Mona.

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2. Thuto ea Leoatle

2.1 Kakaretso

Marrero le Payne. (Phuptjane 2021). Thuto ea Leoatleng: Ho tloha ho Ripple ho ea ho Leqhubu. Bukeng: Ocean Literacy: Understanding the Ocean, maq.21-39. DOI:10.1007/978-3-030-70155-0_2 https://www.researchgate.net/publication /352804017_Ocean_Literacy_Understanding _the_Ocean

Ho na le tlhokahalo e matla ea tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ka maoatle maemong a machaba hobane leoatle le tlola meeli ea linaha. Buka ena e fana ka mokhoa o fapaneng oa thuto ea maoatle le tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola. Khaolo ena ka ho khetheha e fana ka nalane ea tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ka maoatle, e hokahanya sepheo sa 14 sa Ntlafatso e Tsoelang Pele ea Machaba a Kopaneng, 'me e fana ka likhothaletso bakeng sa mekhoa e ntlafetseng ea puisano le thuto. Khaolo ena e qala United States 'me e holisa sebaka sa ho akaretsa likhothaletso bakeng sa likopo tsa lefats'e.

Marrero, ME, Payne, DL, & Breidahl, H. (2019). Taba ea Tšebelisano ho Khothaletsa Thuto ea Lefatše ea Leoatle. Meeli ho Saense ea Marine, 6 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00325 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333941293_The_Case_for_Collaboration_ to_Foster_Global_Ocean_Literacy

Ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola ka leoatleng ho hlahile ka lebaka la boiteko ba tšebelisano lipakeng tsa matichere a semmuso le a sa reroang, bo-ramahlale, litsebi tsa mmuso, le ba bang ba neng ba thahasella ho hlalosa seo batho ba lokelang ho se tseba ka leoatle. Bangoli ba hatisa karolo ea marang-rang a thuto ea maoatle mosebetsing oa ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola ka maoatle lefatšeng ka bophara le ho buisana ka bohlokoa ba tšebelisano 'moho le ketso ea ho khothaletsa bokamoso bo tsitsitseng ba leoatle. Pampiri ena e pheha khang ea hore marang-rang a tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola a lokela ho sebetsa 'moho ka ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho batho le tšebelisano-'moho ho hlahisa lihlahisoa, leha ho le joalo ho hlokahala ho feta ho etsa lisebelisoa tse matla, tse tsitsitseng, le tse kenyeletsang haholoanyane.

Uyarra, MC, le Borja, Á. (2016). Ocean literacy: khopolo e 'ncha' ea bophelo le tikoloho bakeng sa tšebeliso e tsitsitseng ea maoatle. Bulletin ea Tšilafalo ea Leoatleng 104, 1–2. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.060 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 298329423_Ocean_literacy_A_’new’_socio-ecological_concept_for_a_sustainable_use_ of_the_seas

Papiso ea liphuputso tsa maikutlo a sechaba mabapi le litšokelo le ts'ireletso ea leoatleng lefats'eng ka bophara. Bongata ba ba arabetseng ba lumela hore tikoloho ea leoatle e kotsing. Tšilafalo e behiloe maemong a phahameng ka ho fetisisa e lateloang ke ho tšoasa litlhapi, ho fetoloa ha libaka le ho fetoha ha maemo a leholimo. Boholo ba ba arabelitsoeng ba tšehetsa libaka tse sirelelitsoeng tsa maoatleng tikolohong ea bona kapa naheng ea bona. Bongata ba ba arabetseng ba batla ho bona libaka tse kholoanyane tsa maoatle li sirelelitsoe ho feta ha joale. Sena se khothaletsa ts'ebetso e tsoelang pele ea ts'ebetso ea maoatle kaha e bonts'a hore ts'ehetso ea mananeo ana e teng le haeba ts'ehetso ea merero e meng ea maoatle e ntse e haella.

Gelcich, S., Buckley, P., Pinnegar, JK, Chilvers, J., Lorenzoni, I., Terry, G., et al. (2014). Tlhokomeliso ea sechaba, matšoenyeho le lintho tse tlang pele mabapi le litlamorao tsa anthropogenic tikolohong ea maoatle. Ts'ebetso ea Likolo tsa Naha tsa Saense USA 111, 15042-15047. doi: 10.1073 / pnas.1417344111 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 267749285_Public_awareness_concerns_and _priorities_about_anthropogenic_impacts_on _marine_environments

Boemo ba ho tšoenyeha mabapi le litlamorao tsa leoatle bo amana haufi-ufi le boemo ba tsebo. Tšilafalo le ho tšoasa litlhapi ho feta tekano ke libaka tse peli tse behiloeng pele ke sechaba bakeng sa ntlafatso ea maano. Boemo ba ts'epo bo fapana haholo har'a mehloli e fapaneng ea tlhaiso-leseling 'me bo holimo ho barutehi le lingoliloeng tsa borutehi empa bo tlase bakeng sa mmuso kapa indasteri. Liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a hore sechaba se lemoha ho potlaka ha litlamorao tsa maoatle anthropogenic 'me se amehile haholo ka tšilafalo ea maoatle, ho tšoasa litlhapi ho feta tekano, le asiti ea maoatle. Ho etsa tlhokomeliso ea sechaba, matšoenyeho, le lintho tse tlang pele ho ka thusa bo-ramahlale le bafani ba lichelete ho utloisisa hore na sechaba se amana joang le tikoloho ea maoatle, litlamorao tsa foreimi, le ho hokahanya lintho tse tlang pele ho tsamaiso le maano le tlhoko ea sechaba.

Morero oa Leoatle (2011). Amerika le Leoatle: Ntlafatso ea Selemo le Selemo ea 2011. Morero oa Ocean. https://theoceanproject.org/research/

Ho ba le khokahano ea botho litabeng tsa maoatle ho bohlokoa bakeng sa ho fihlela likamano tsa nako e telele le paballo. Litloaelo tsa sechaba hangata li laola hore na batho ba rata liketso life ha ba etsa qeto ea ho rarolla mathata a tikoloho. Bongata ba batho ba etelang maoatle, libaka tsa polokelo ea liphoofolo le libaka tsa metsing ba se ba ntse ba tšehetsa paballo ea maoatle. Hore merero ea paballo e atlehe ho sebetsa nako e telele, e tobileng, ea lehae, le ea botho e lokela ho hatisoa le ho khothaletsoa. Patlisiso ena ke ntjhafatso ho Amerika, Lewatle, le Phetoho ya Tlelaemete: Ditsebiso tse Ntjha tsa Patlisiso bakeng sa Paballo, Tlhokomeliso, le Ketso (2009) le Ho Buisana ka Maoatle: Liphetho tsa Patlisiso ea Naha (1999).

Motheo oa Naha oa Sehalalelo sa Marine. (2006, December). Seboka sa Tlaleho ea Thuto ea Leoatleng. Phuptjane 7-8, 2006, Washington, DC

Tlaleho ena ke sephetho sa kopano ea 2006 ea Seboka sa Naha sa Thuto ea Leoatleng se neng se tšoaretsoe Washington, DC Sepheo sa seboka sena e ne e le ho totobatsa boiteko ba sechaba sa thuto ea maoatle ho tlisa thuto ea maoatle ka litlelaseng ho potoloha United States. Seboka sena se fumane hore ho fihlela sechaba sa baahi ba tsebang ho bala le ho ngola, phetoho ea tsamaiso mekhoeng ea rona ea thuto e hlophisitsoeng le e sa reroang ea hlokahala.

2.2 Maano a Puisano

Toomey, A. (2023, Hlakola). Ke Hobane'ng ha Lintlha li sa Fetole Maikutlo: Temohisiso e tsoang ho Saense ea Cognitive bakeng sa Puisano e Ntlafetseng ea Patlisiso ea Paballo. Paballo ea Likokoana-hloko, Moq. 278. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /367764901_Why_facts_don%27t_change _minds_Insights_from_cognitive_science_for_ the_improved_communication_of_ conservation_research

Toomey o hlahloba le ho leka ho leleka litšōmo mabapi le mokhoa oa ho buisana le mahlale hamolemo bakeng sa ho etsa liqeto, ho kenyeletsoa le litšōmo tsa hore: lintlha li fetola likelello, tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ea mahlale e tla lebisa tlhokomelong e ntlafetseng ea lipatlisiso, phetoho ea maikutlo a motho ka mong e tla fetola boitšoaro bo kopanetsoeng, 'me phatlalatso e pharaletseng e molemo ka ho fetisisa. Ho e-na le hoo, bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore puisano e sebetsang ea saense e tsoa ho: ho kenya letsoho kelellong ea sechaba bakeng sa ho etsa liqeto tse nepahetseng, ho utloisisa matla a litekanyetso, maikutlo, le phihlelo ea ho thekesela likelellong, ho fetola boitšoaro bo kopanetsoeng, le ho nahana ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng. Phetoho ena ea pono e haha ​​holim'a lipolelo tse ling 'me e buella liketso tse tobileng haholoanyane e le ho bona liphetoho tsa nako e telele le tse sebetsang boitšoarong.

Hudson, CG, Knight, E., Koala, SL, Landrum, JP, Bednarek, A., & Shouse, B. (2023). Ho pheta lipale ho utloisisa phello ea lipatlisiso: Litlaleho tse tsoang Lenaneong la Leoatle la Lenfest. LIEKETSENG Journal of Marine Science, Moq. 80, No. 2, 394-400. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac169. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /364162068_Telling_stories _to_understand_research_impact_narratives _from_the_Lenfest_Ocean_Program?_sg=sT_Ye5Yb3P-pL9a9fUZD5ODBv-dQfpLaqLr9J-Bieg0mYIBcohU-hhB2YHTlUOVbZ7HZxmFX2tbvuQQ

Lenaneo la Lenfest Ocean le ile la tshwara boithuto ba ho lekola phano ya bona ya dithuso ho utlwisisa hore na diporojeke tsa bona di sebetsa hantle ka hare le kantle ho mekgatlo ya thuto. Tshekatsheko ya bona e fana ka pono e kgahlisang ka ho sheba pale ya pale ya pale ho lekanya katleho ya dipatlisiso. Ba fumane hore ho na le thuso e kholo ea ho sebelisa pale ea lipale ho itlhahloba le ho lekola phello ea merero ea bona e tšehelitsoeng ka lichelete. Ntho e ka sehloohong e nkiloeng ke hore ho tšehetsa lipatlisiso tse sebetsanang le litlhoko tsa ba amehang ba leoatleng le lebōpong la leoatle ho hloka ho nahana ka phello ea lipatlisiso ka tsela e akaretsang ho feta ho bala lingoliloeng tse hlahlojoang ke lithaka feela.

Kelly, R., Evans, K., Alexander, K., Bettiol, S., Corney, S… Pecl, GT (2022, Hlakola). Ho hokela mawatleng: ho tshehetsa ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola ka mawatle le boitlamo ba setjhaba. Rev Fish Biol Fish. 2022;32(1):123-143. doi: 10.1007/s11160-020-09625-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349213591_Connecting_to_the_oceans _supporting _ocean_literacy_and_public_engagement

Kutloisiso e ntlafetseng ea sechaba ea leoatle le bohlokoa ba tšebeliso e tsitsitseng ea leoatle, kapa tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola, e bohlokoa bakeng sa ho finyella boitlamo ba lefats'e ba tsoelo-pele e tsitsitseng ka 2030 le ho feta. Bangoli ba tsepamisitse maikutlo ho bakhanni ba bane ba ka susumetsang le ho ntlafatsa tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ka leoatleng le likamano tsa sechaba le leoatle: (1) thuto, (2) likhokahano tsa setso, (3) tsoelo-pele ea theknoloji, le (4) phapanyetsano ea tsebo le likamano tsa saense le leano. Ba hlahloba kamoo mokhanni e mong le e mong a bapalang karolo ea ho ntlafatsa maikutlo a leoatle ho fana ka tšehetso e atileng ea sechaba. Bangoli ba theha sesebelisoa sa ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola ka maoatle, sesebelisoa se sebetsang sa ho ntlafatsa likhokahano tsa maoatle maemong a fapaneng a lefats'e ka bophara.

Knowlton, N. (2021). Ts'epo ea Leoatle: Ho fetela ka nģ'ane ho liphatlalatso tsa paballo ea maoatle. Tlhahlobo ea Selemo le Selemo ea Saense ea Marine, Moq. 13, 479– 499. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-040220-101608. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 341967041_Ocean_Optimism_Moving_Beyond _the_Obituaries_in_Marine_Conservation

Le hoja leoatle le lahlehetsoe haholo, ho na le bopaki bo ntseng bo eketseha ba hore ho ntse ho etsoa tsoelo-pele ea bohlokoa tabeng ea paballo ea leoatle. Tse ngata tsa likatleho tsena li na le melemo e mengata, ho kenyelletsa le bophelo bo botle ba motho. Ho feta moo, kutloisiso e betere ea mokhoa oa ho kenya ts'ebetsong maano a paballo ka katleho, mahlale a macha le datha, kopanyo e eketsehileng ea mahlale a tlhaho le a sechaba, le ts'ebeliso ea ts'episo ea tsebo ea matsoalloa e ntse e tsoela pele. Ha ho na tharollo e le 'ngoe; Maiteko a atlehileng hangata ha a potlake ebile ha a theko e tlase mme a hloka ho tšepana le tšebelisano. Leha ho le joalo, ho tsepamisa maikutlo haholo litharollong le katlehong ho tla ba thusa ho fetoha tloaelo ho e-na le ho ba mokhelo.

Fielding, S., Copley, JT le Mills, RA (2019). Ho Tseba Maoatle a Rōna: Ho Sebelisa Phaposi ea Phato ea Lefatše ho Tsoela Pele ho Tseba ka Leoatleng. Meeli ho Saense ea Marine 6:340. doi: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00340 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 334018450_Exploring_Our_Oceans_Using _the_Global_Classroom_to_Develop_ Ocean_Literacy

Ho nts'etsapele tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ea maoatle ea batho ba lilemo tsohle ho tsoa linaheng tsohle, litso, le maemo a moruo ho bohlokoa ho tsebahatsa khetho ea bophelo bo tsitsitseng nakong e tlang, empa mokhoa oa ho fihlela le ho emela mantsoe a fapaneng ke phephetso. Ho rarolla bothata bona bangoli ba thehile Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) ho fana ka sesebelisoa se ka khonehang ho fihlela sepheo sena, kaha ba ka khona ho fihlela palo e kholo ea batho ho kenyelletsa le ba tsoang libakeng tse tlase le tse nang le meputso e mahareng.

Simmons, B., Archie, M., Clark, S., le Braus, J. (2017). Litaelo tsa Bokhabane: Ho Kopanela Sechaba. Mokhatlo oa Amerika Leboea oa Thuto ea Tikoloho. PDF. https://eepro.naaee.org/sites/default/files/ eepro-post-files/ community_engagement_guidelines_pdf.pdf

NAAEE e phatlalatseng litataiso tsa sechaba le lisebelisoa tse tšehetsang li fana ka leseli mabapi le hore na baetapele ba sechaba ba ka hola joang joalo ka barupeli le ho phahamisa phapang. Tataiso ea boitlamo ba sechaba e hlokomela hore litšoaneleho tse hlano tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa boitlamo bo botle ke ho etsa bonnete ba hore mananeo a: a tsepame sechabeng, a ipapisitse le melao-motheo ea Thuto ea Tikoloho, tšebelisano 'moho le e kenyeletsang, e shebaneng le ntlafatso ea bokhoni le ts'ebetso ea sechaba, 'me ke matsete a nako e telele ho phetoho. Tlaleho e phethela ka lisebelisuoa tse ling tse tla ba molemo ho batho bao e seng matichere ba batlang ho etsa ho eketsehileng ho sebelisana le lichaba tsa habo bona.

Steel, BS, Smith, C., Opsommer, L., Curiel, S., Warner-Steel, R. (2005). Puisano ea Sechaba ea Leoatle la United States. Leoatle la Leoatle. Manag. 2005, Moq. 48, 97–114. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223767179_Public_ocean_literacy_in _the_United_States

Phuputso ena e batlisisa maemo a hajoale a tsebo ea sechaba mabapi le maoatle hape e hlahloba kamano ea ho tšoara tsebo. Le hoja baahi ba lebōpong la leoatle ba re ba na le tsebo e fokolang ho feta ba lulang libakeng tse sa lebōpong la leoatle, ba arabelang lebōpong la leoatle le bao e seng ba lebōpong la leoatle ba na le bothata ba ho khetholla mantsoe a bohlokoa le ho araba lipotso tsa lipotso tsa leoatle. Boemo bo tlase ba tsebo mabapi le litaba tsa maoatle bo bolela hore sechaba se hloka phihlello ea litaba tse betere tse fanoang ka katleho. Mabapi le mokhoa oa ho fana ka tlhahisoleseding, bafuputsi ba fumane hore thelevishene le seea-le-moea li na le tšusumetso e mpe ho ts'ebetsong ea tsebo 'me inthanete e na le tšusumetso e ntle ka kakaretso ho ts'ebetsong ea tsebo.

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3. Phetoho ea Boitšoaro

3.1 Kakaretso

Thomas-Walters, L., McCallum, J., Montgomery, R., Petros, C., Wan, AKY, Veríssimo, D. (2022, September) Tlhahlobo e hlophisitsoeng ea mehato ea ts'ireletso ho khothalletsa phetoho ea boitšoaro ba boithaopo. Paballo Biology. doi: 10.1111/cobi.14000. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363384308_Systematic_review _of_conservation_interventions_to_ promote_voluntary_behavior_change

Ho utloisisa boitšoaro ba batho ho bohlokoa ho nts'etsapele mehato e lebisang phetohong ea boits'oaro ba tikoloho. Bangoli ba ile ba etsa tlhahlobo e hlophisehileng ho lekola hore na mehato e sa sebetseng ea lichelete le e sa laoleheng e bile joang ho fetola boitšoaro ba tikoloho, ka lirekoto tse fetang 300,000 tse shebaneng le lithuto tsa batho ba 128. Liphuputso tse ngata li tlalehile phello e ntle 'me bafuputsi ba fumane bopaki bo matla ba hore thuto, litlhahiso, le mekhoa ea maikutlo e ka fella ka phetoho e ntle ea boitšoaro, le hoja ts'ebetso e sebetsang ka ho fetisisa e sebelisitse mefuta e mengata ea ho kenella ka har'a lenaneo le le leng. Ho feta moo, lintlha tsena tse matla li bonts'a tlhokahalo ea lithuto tse ngata tse nang le lintlha tse ngata tse hlokahalang ho ts'ehetsa tšimo e ntseng e hola ea phetoho ea boitšoaro ba tikoloho.

Huckins, G. (2022, August, 18). Psychology ea Tšusumetso le Ketso ea Boemo ba Leholimo. Tse thapo. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/ the-psychology-of-inspiring-everyday-climate-action.html

Sengoliloeng sena se fana ka kakaretso e pharaletseng ea hore na likhetho le mekhoa ea motho ka mong li ka thusa boemo ba leholimo joang, 'me se hlalosa hore na ho utloisisa phetoho ea boitšoaro ho ka qetella ho khothaletse ho nka khato joang. Sena se totobatsa bothata bo boholo boo ho bona batho ba bangata ba hlokomelang tšokelo ea phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e bakoang ke batho, empa ke ba fokolang ba tsebang seo ba ka se etsang e le batho ka bomong ho e fokotsa.

Tavri, P. (2021). Value action gap: tšitiso e kholo ho ts'ehetsa phetoho ea boitšoaro. Mangolo a Akademia, Article 501. DOI:EA-10.20935-AL501 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350316201_Value_action_gap_a_ major_barrier_in_sustaining_behaviour_change

Lingoliloeng tsa ho fetola boitšoaro ba tikoloho (tse ntseng li lekanyelitsoe ho latela likarolo tse ling tsa tikoloho) li fana ka maikutlo a hore ho na le mokoallo o bitsoang "lekhalo la khato ea bohlokoa". Ka mantsoe a mang, ho na le lekhalo tšebelisong ea likhopolo, kaha likhopolo-taba li atisa ho nka hore batho ke libōpuoa tse nang le kelello tse sebelisang boitsebiso bo fanoeng ka mokhoa o hlophisitsoeng. Sengoli se phethela ka ho fana ka maikutlo a hore lekhalo la ts'ebetso ea boleng ke e 'ngoe ea litšitiso tse kholo tsa phetoho ea boits'oaro le hore ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka mekhoa ea ho qoba maikutlo a fosahetseng le ho hloka tsebo ka bongata qalong ha ho theoa lisebelisoa tsa puisano, boitlamo le tlhokomelo bakeng sa phetoho ea boitšoaro.

Balmford, A., Bradbury, RB, Bauer, JM, Broad, S. . . Nielsen, KS (2021). Ho sebelisa ka katleho mahlale a boits'oaro ba batho lits'ebetsong tsa paballo. Paballo ea Likokoana-hloko, 261, 109256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109256 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 353175141_Making_more_effective _use_of_human_behavioural_science_in _conservation_interventions

Paballo ke ts'ebetso ea ho leka ho fetola boitšoaro ba batho. Ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore saense ea boitšoaro ha e na chelete ea silevera bakeng sa ho boloka 'me liphetoho tse ling li ka ba tse itekanetseng, tsa nakoana, le tse itšetlehileng ka maemo, leha ho le joalo phetoho e ka etsahala, le hoja lipatlisiso tse ling li hlokahala. Tlhahisoleseding ena e thusa ka ho kgetheha bakeng sa ba hlahisang mananeo a matjha a nkang phetoho ya boitshwaro tjhebong ha meralo esita le ditshwantshiso tse tokomaneng ena di fana ka tataiso e otlolohileng ya mekgahlelo e tsheletseng e sisintsweng ya ho kgetha, ho kenya tshebetsong le ho lekola mehato ya phetoho ya boitshwaro bakeng sa paballo ya dimela tse fapaneng.

Gravert, C. le Nobel, N. (2019). Saense ea Boitšoaro e Sebelisitsoeng: Tataiso ea Selelekela. Ka ho hloka matla. PDF.

Kenyelletso ena ea mahlale a boits'oaro e fana ka semelo se akaretsang lebaleng, tlhaiso-leseling e mabapi le boko ba motho, hore na tlhahisoleseling e sebetsoa joang, le maikutlo a tloaelehileng a kelello. Bangoli ba fana ka mohlala oa ho etsa liqeto tsa batho ho theha phetoho ea boitšoaro. Tataiso e fana ka tlhahisoleseding bakeng sa babali ho sekaseka hore na ke hobane'ng ha batho ba sa etse se nepahetseng tikolohong le hore na leeme le sitisa phetoho ea boitšoaro joang. Merero e lokela ho ba e bonolo le e otlolohileng e nang le lipheo le lisebelisoa tsa boitlamo - lintlha tsohle tsa bohlokoa tseo batho ba lefats'e la paballo ba lokelang ho li ela hloko ha ba leka ho etsa hore batho ba kenelle litabeng tsa tikoloho.

Wynes, S. le Nicholas, K. (2017, July). Lekhalo la phokotso ea maemo a leholimo: lithuto le likhothaletso tsa mmuso li hloloheloa ketso e sebetsang ea motho ka mong. Litlhaku tsa Phuputso ea Tikoloho, Moq. 12, No. 7 DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/aa7541. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 318353145_The_climate_mitigation _gap_Education_and_government_ recommendations_miss_the_most_effective _individual_actions

Phetoho ea boemo ba leholimo e baka kotsi tikolohong. Bangoli ba sheba kamoo batho ka bomong ba ka nkang khato ho rarolla bothata bona. Bangoli ba khothaletsa hore ho nkoe mehato e nang le tšusumetso e matla le e fokolang, ka ho khetheha: ho ba le ngoana a le mong ea fokolang, ho phela ntle le koloi, ho qoba maeto a sefofane, le ho ja lijo tse thehiloeng limela. Le hoja litlhahiso tsena li ka ’na tsa bonahala li fetelletse ho ba bang, e ’nile ea e-ba karolo ea bohlokoa lipuisanong tsa hona joale tsa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le boitšoaro ba motho ka mong. Sengoliloeng sena se na le thuso ho ba batlang tlhaiso-leseling e batsi mabapi le thuto le liketso tsa motho ka mong.

Schultz, PW, le FG Kaiser. (2012). Ho khothaletsa boitšoaro bo tšehetsang tikoloho. Tobetsa ho S. Clayton, mohlophisi. Bukana ea thuto ea kelello ea tikoloho le paballo. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 365789168_The_Oxford_Handbook _of_Environmental_and _Conservation_Psychology

Saekholoji ea paballo ke sebaka se ntseng se hola se shebaneng le litlamorao tsa maikutlo a batho, maikutlo le boitšoaro molemong oa tikoloho. Bukana ena e fana ka tlhaloso e hlakileng le tlhaloso ea saekholoji ea paballo hammoho le moralo oa ho sebelisa likhopolo tsa psychology ea paballo litlhahlobong tse fapaneng tsa thuto le merero e sebetsang ea masimong. Tokomane ena e sebetsa haholo ho barutehi le litsebi tse batlang ho theha mananeo a tikoloho a kenyeletsang ba amehang le sechaba sa lehae ka nako e telele.

Schultz, W. (2011). Paballo e Bolela Phetoho ea Boitšoaro. Biology ea Paballo, Buka ea 25, No. 6, 1080-1083. Mokhatlo oa Paballo ea Baeloji DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01766.x https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 51787256_Conservation_Means_Behavior

Liphuputso li bontšitse hore ka kakaretso ho na le kameho e phahameng ea sechaba ka litaba tsa tikoloho, leha ho le joalo, ha ho e-s’o be le liphetoho tse khōlō liketsong tsa botho kapa mekhoa e atileng ea boitšoaro. Mongoli o pheha khang ea hore paballo ke sepheo se ka finyelloang feela ka ho fetela ka ’nģane ho thuto le tlhokomeliso ea ho hlile e fetola boitšoaro ’me o phethela ka ho bolela hore “boiteko ba paballo bo etelletsoeng pele ke bo-ramahlale ba tlhaho bo ne bo tla sebeletsoa hantle hore bo akarelletse bo-ramahlale ba kahisano le boitšoaro” bo fetang bo bonolo. matšolo a thuto le tlhokomeliso.

Dietz, T., G. Gardner, J. Gilligan, P. Stern, le M. Vandenbergh. (2009). Liketso tsa malapa li ka fana ka lekhalo la boitšoaro ho fokotsa ka potlako tlhahiso ea carbon ea US. Litlaleho tsa Sekolo sa Sechaba sa Saense 106: 18452-18456. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 38037816_Household_Actions_Can _Provide_a_Behavioral_Wedge_to_Rapidly _Reduce_US_Carbon_Emissions

Ho ea ka histori, ho ’nile ha totobatsoa liketsong tsa batho le malapa ho sebetsana le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, ’me sehlooho sena se sheba bonnete ba lipolelo tseo. Bafuputsi ba sebelisa mokhoa oa boitšoaro ho hlahloba mehato ea 17 eo batho ba ka e nkang ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea bona ea carbon. Mehato e kenyelletsa empa ha e felle feela ho: boemo ba leholimo, lishaoara tse sa phallang hantle, likoloi tse baballang mafura, ho lokisoa ha likoloi ka mehla, ho omisa mela, le ho palama koloi/ho fetola leeto. Bafuputsi ba fumane hore ts'ebetsong ea naha ea mehato ena e ka boloka lithane tse hakanyetsoang tsa limilione tse 123 tsa carbon ka selemo kapa 7.4% ea likhase tsa naha tsa US, ntle le tšitiso e fokolang ho boiketlo ba malapa.

Clayton, S., and G. Myers (2015). Conservation psychology: ho utloisisa le ho khothaletsa tlhokomelo ea batho bakeng sa tlhaho, khatiso ea bobeli. Wiley-Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey. ISBN: 978-1-118-87460-8 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 330981002_Conservation_psychology _Understanding_and_promoting_human_care _for_nature

Clayton le Myers ba talima batho e le karolo ea tikoloho ea tlhaho 'me ba hlahloba tsela ea kelello e susumetsang phihlelo ea motho ka tlhaho, hammoho le maemo a laoloang le a litoropo. Buka ka boeona e fana ka lintlha tse qaqileng mabapi le likhopolo tsa paballo ea kelello, e fana ka mehlala, 'me e fana ka maikutlo a litsela tsa ho eketsa tlhokomelo ea tlhaho ke sechaba. Sepheo sa buka ke ho utloisisa tsela eo batho ba nahanang ka eona, phihlelo, le ho sebelisana le tlhaho e leng ntho ea bohlokoa bakeng sa ho khothalletsa ho boloka tikoloho hammoho le bophelo bo botle ba batho.

Darnton, A. (2008, Phupu). Reference Report: Kakaretso ea Mehlala ea Phetoho ea Boitšoaro le Tšebeliso ea Tsona. Tlhahlobo ea Tsebo ea GSR Fetola Boitšoaro. Lipatlisiso tsa Puso ea Sechaba. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 254787539_Reference_Report_ An_overview_of_behaviour_change_models _and_their_uses

Tlaleho ena e sheba phapang lipakeng tsa mehlala ea boitšoaro le likhopolo tsa phetoho. Tokomane ena e fana ka kakaretso ea menahano ea moruo, litloaelo le lintlha tse ling tse fapaneng tse susumetsang boitšoaro, hape e hlalosa tšebeliso ea mehlala ea boitšoaro, litšupiso tsa ho utloisisa phetoho, 'me e phethela ka tataiso ea ho sebelisa mehlala ea boitšoaro e nang le likhopolo tsa phetoho. Index ea Darnton to the Featured Models and Theories e etsa hore temana ena e fumanehe ka ho khetheha ho ba bacha ho utloisisa phetoho ea boitšoaro.

Thrash, T., Moldovan, E., le Oleynick, V. (2014) The Psychology of Inspiration. Compass ea Psychology ea Botho le Botho Moq. 8, No. 9. DOI: 10.1111 / spc3.12127. https://www.researchgate.net/journal/Social-and-Personality-Psychology-Compass-1751-9004

Bafuputsi ba ile ba botsa ka kutloisiso ea pululelo e le tšobotsi ea bohlokoa ea ketso e susumetsang. Bangoli ba pele ba hlalosa ts'usumetso e ipapisitse le tlhahlobo e kopaneng ea lingoliloeng le ho hlalosa mekhoa e fapaneng. Ea bobeli, ba hlahloba lingoliloeng tse mabapi le ho aha bonnete ba thuto le liphuputso, ba hatisa karolo ea ts'usumetso ho khothaletseng ho fumana thepa e sa bonahaleng. Qetellong, ba araba lipotso le maikutlo a fosahetseng khafetsa mabapi le pululelo mme ba fana ka likhothaletso mabapi le mokhoa oa ho khothaletsa khothatso ho ba bang kapa ho uena.

Uzzell, DL 2000. Boemo ba psycho-spatial ba mathata a lefats'e a tikoloho. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 20: 307-318. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 223072457_The_psycho-spatial_dimension_of_global_ environmental_problems

Lithuto li ile tsa etsoa Australia, Engelane, Ireland le Slovakia. Liphello tsa phuputso e 'ngoe le e' ngoe li bontša ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng hore ba arabelitsoeng ha ba khone ho nahana feela ka mathata a lefats'e, empa phello e fapaneng ea hole e fumanoa e le hore mathata a tikoloho a nkoa e le a tebileng le ho feta ha a le hole le ea bonang. Kamano e fapaneng e ile ea boela ea fumanoa pakeng tsa boikutlo ba boikarabello bakeng sa mathata a tikoloho le tekanyo ea sebaka se bakang maikutlo a ho hloka matla boemong ba lefats'e. Pampiri e phethela ka puisano ea likhopolo le maikutlo a fapaneng a kelello a tsebisang tlhahlobo ea mongoli ka mathata a lefats'e a tikoloho.

Kopo ea 3.2

Cusa, M., Falcão, L., De Jesus, J. et al. (2021). Litlhapi tse tsoang metsing: ho se tloaele ha bareki ponahalong ea mefuta ea litlhapi tse rekisoang. Sustain Sci Vol. 16, 1313–1322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-00932-z. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 350064459_Fish_out_of_water_ consumers’_unfamiliarity_with_the_ appearance_of_commercial_fish_species

Litlaleho tsa lijo tsa leoatleng li phetha karolo ea bohlokoa ho thusa bareki ho reka lihlahisoa tsa tlhapi le ho khothaletsa mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea ho tšoasa litlhapi. Bangoli ba ithutile batho ba 720 ho pholletsa le linaha tse tšeletseng tsa Europe 'me ba fumana hore bareki ba Europe ba na le kutloisiso e fokolang ea ponahalo ea litlhapi tseo ba li jang, le bareki ba Brithani ba sebetsang ka ho fetisisa ba futsanehileng le ba Spain ba sebetsang hantle ka ho fetisisa. Ba ile ba sibolla bohlokoa ba setso haeba tlhapi e ka ba le phello, ke hore, haeba mofuta o itseng oa tlhapi e le oa bohlokoa moetlong o tla tsejoa ka lebelo le phahameng ho feta litlhapi tse ling tse tloaelehileng. Bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore pepeneneng ea 'maraka oa lijo tsa leoatleng e tla lula e bulehile bakeng sa ts'ebetso e mpe ho fihlela bareki ba etsa khokahano e eketsehileng le lijo tsa bona.

Sánchez-Jiménez, A., MacMillan, D., Wolff, M., Schlüter, A., Fujitani, M., (2021). Bohlokoa ba Melao-motheo ho Bolelang le ho Khothatsa Boitšoaro ba Tikoloho: Litlhahiso Tse Tsoang Letšeng la Litlhapi tse Nyenyane tsa Costa Rica, Meeli ho Saense ea Marine, 10.3389/fmars.2021.543075, 8, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 349589441_The_Importance_of_ Values_in_Predicting_and_Encouraging _Environmental_Behavior_Reflections _From_a_Costa_Rican_Small-Scale_Fishery

Boemong ba botšoasi ba litlhapi tse nyenyane, mekhoa e sa tsitsang ea ho tšoasa litlhapi e senya botšepehi ba baahi ba lebōpong la leoatle le tikoloho. Boithuto bona bo shebile boitshunyako ba phetoho ea boitšoaro le batšoasi ba litlhapi tsa gillnet Koung ea Nicoya, Costa Rica, ho bapisa lilelekela tsa boitšoaro bo tšehetsang tikoloho pakeng tsa bankakarolo ba fumaneng boitshunyako bo thehiloeng ho tikoloho. Mekhoa ea botho 'me makgabane li ne li le bohlokoa ha li hlalosa tšehetso ea mehato ea tsamaiso, hammoho le litšobotsi tse ling tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi (mohlala, sebaka sa ho tšoasa litlhapi). Patlisiso e bonts'a bohlokoa ba mehato ea thuto e rutang ka litlamorao tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi tikolohong ea tikoloho ha e ntse e thusa barupeluoa ho ipona ba khona ho kenya tšebetsong liketso.

McDonald, G., Wilson, M., Verissimo, D., Twohey, R., Clemence, M., Apistar, D., Box, S., Butler, P., et al. (2020). Ho Ntlafatsa Tsamaiso e Tsoelang Pele ea Litlhapi ka Lits'ebetso tsa Phetoho ea Boitšoaro. Conservation Biology, Moq. 34, No. 5 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13475 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 339009378_Catalyzing_ sustainable_fisheries_management_though _behavior_change_interventions

Bangoli ba ne ba batla ho utloisisa hore na papatso ea sechaba e ka eketsa maikutlo a melemo ea tsamaiso le mekhoa e mecha ea sechaba joang. Bafuputsi ba entse liphuputso tse bonoang ka tlas'a metsi ho lekanya maemo a tikoloho le ka ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa malapa libakeng tse 41 tsa Brazil, Indonesia le Philippines. Ba fumane hore sechaba se ntse se theha mekhoa e mecha ea sechaba le ho tšoasa litlhapi ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng pele melemo ea nako e telele ea tikoloho le moruo oa tsamaiso ea botšoasi ba litlhapi e phethahala. Kahoo, botsamaisi ba botšoasi ba litlhapi bo lokela ho etsa ho hongata ho ela hloko liphihlelo tsa nako e telele tsa sechaba le ho fetola merero ho ea libakeng tse ipapisitseng le liphihlelo tsa sechaba.

Valauri-Orton, A. (2018). Ho Fetola Boitšoaro ba Boarter ho Sireletsa Joang ba Leoatleng: Sehlomathiso sa ho Rala le ho Kenya Letšolo la Phetoho ea Boitšoaro bakeng sa Thibelo ea Tšenyo ea Joang. Ocean Foundation. PDF. https://oceanfdn.org/calculator/kits-for-boaters/

Ho sa tsotellehe boiteko ba ho fokotsa tšenyo ea joang ba leoatleng, ho senyeha ha joang ba leoatle ka lebaka la liketso tsa likepe e ntse e le tšokelo e khōlō. Tlaleho e reretsoe ho fana ka mekhoa e metle bakeng sa matšolo a ho phatlalatsa phetoho ea boitšoaro ka ho fana ka moralo oa mohato ka mohato oa ts'ebetsong oa morero o totobatsang tlhokahalo ea ho fana ka maemo a sebaka seo, ho sebelisoa melaetsa e hlakileng, e bonolo, le e sebetsang, le ho sebelisa likhopolo tsa phetoho ea boitšoaro. Tlaleho e tsoa mosebetsing o fetileng o tobileng ho ea ho batho ba tsamaeang ka likepe hammoho le ts'ebetso e pharalletseng ea paballo le phetoho ea boitšoaro. Bukana ea lithulusi e kenyelletsa mokhoa oa ho etsa mohlala 'me e fana ka moralo o khethehileng le likarolo tsa lipatlisiso tse ka sebelisoang hape le ho sebelisoa hape ke batsamaisi ba lisebelisoa ho lumellana le litlhoko tsa bona. Sesebelisoa sena se entsoe ka 2016 mme sa ntlafatsoa ka 2018.

Costanzo, M., D. Archer, E. Aronson, le T. Pettigrew. 1986. Boitshwaro ba paballo ya matla: tsela e thata ho tloha leseding ho isa ketsong. Setsebi sa kelello sa Amerika 41:521–528.

Ka mor'a ho bona mokhoa oa batho ba bang feela ba nkang mehato ea ho boloka matla, bangoli ba ile ba etsa mohlala oa ho hlahloba lintlha tsa kelello tse buang ka hore na liqeto tsa motho li sebetsana joang le boitsebiso. Ba fumane hore ho tšepahala ha mohloli oa boitsebiso, kutloisiso ea molaetsa, le ho hlaka ha khang ea ho boloka matla e ne e le monyetla o moholo oa ho bona liphetoho tse sebetsang moo motho a tla nka khato ea bohlokoa ho kenya kapa ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa paballo. Le hoja sena e le matla a shebaneng le matla-ho e-na le leoatle kapa esita le tlhaho, e ne e le e 'ngoe ea lithuto tsa pele mabapi le boitšoaro ba paballo e bontšang tsela eo tšimo e tsoileng pele ka eona kajeno.

3.3 Kutloelo-bohloko e Thehiloeng ho Tlhaho

Yasué, M., Kockel, A., Dearden, P. (2022). Liphello tsa kelello tsa libaka tse sirelelitsoeng tse thehiloeng ho sechaba, Paballo ea Metsi: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 10.1002/aqc.3801, Vol. 32, No. 6, 1057-1072 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 359316538_The_psychological_impacts_ of_community-based_protected_areas

Bangoli Yasué, Kockel, le Dearden ba shebile litlamorao tsa nako e telele tsa boitšoaro ba ba haufi le li-MPA. Boithuto bona bo fumane hore ba arabetseng lichabeng tse nang le li-MPA tsa lilemo tse mahareng le tse kholo ba supile mefuta e mengata ea litlamorao tse ntle tsa MPA. Ho feta moo, ba arabetseng ho tsoa ho li-MPA tsa lilemo tse mahareng le tse kholo ba ne ba e-na le tšusumetso e fokolang eo e seng ea boitaolo ea ho kena taolong ea MPA hape ba ne ba e-na le litekanyetso tse phahameng tsa ho iphahamisa, joalo ka ho hlokomela tlhaho. Liphetho tsena li fana ka maikutlo a hore li-MPA tse thehiloeng sechabeng li ka khothaletsa phetoho ea kelello metseng joalo ka tšusumetso e kholo ea boipuso ea ho hlokomela tlhaho le mekhoa e matlafalitsoeng ea ho iphahamisa, tseo ka bobeli li ka tšehetsang paballo.

Lehnen, L., Arbieu, U., Böhning-Gaese, K., Díaz, S., Glikman, J., Mueller, T., (2022). Ho nahana bocha likamano tsa batho ka bomong le mekhatlo ea tlhaho, Batho le Tlhaho, 10.1002/pan3.10296, Moq. 4, No. 3, 596-611. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357831992_Rethinking_individual _relationships_with_entities_of_nature

Ho lemoha phapang lipakeng tsa likamano tsa batho le tlhaho maemong a fapaneng, mekhatlo ea tlhaho, le batho ka bomong ke karolo ea bohlokoa taolong e lekanang ea tlhaho le tlatsetso ea eona ho batho le ho rala maano a sebetsang a ho khothaletsa le ho tataisa boitšoaro ba batho bo tsitsitseng. Bafuputsi ba pheha khang ea hore ha ho nahanoa ka maikutlo a ikhethileng a motho ka mong le a mokhatlo, joale mosebetsi oa paballo o ka lekana haholoanyane, haholo-holo mekhoeng ea ho laola melemo le likotsi tseo batho ba li fumanang ho tsoa tlhahong, le ho thusa ho nts'etsopele ea maano a sebetsang haholoanyane a ho hokahanya boitšoaro ba batho le paballo. lipakane tsa moshoelella.

Fox N, Marshall J, Dankel DJ. (2021, Motšeanong). Ocean Literacy le Surfing: Ho Utloisisa Kamoo Litšebelisano ho Ecosystem ea Lebopo li Tsebisang Tlhokomeliso ea Basebelisi ba Sebaka sa Blue Space ka Leoatleng. Int J Molemo oa ho Sireletsa Bophelo ba Sechaba. Moq. 18 No.11, 5819. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18115819. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 351962054_Ocean_Literacy _and_Surfing_Understanding_How_Interactions _in_Coastal_Ecosystems _Inform_Blue_Space_ User%27s_Awareness_of_the_Ocean

Boithuto bona ba barupeluoa ba 249 bo bokelletse lintlha tsa boleng le bongata bo shebaneng le basebelisi ba maoatle ba boithabiso, haholo-holo basesisi, le hore na mesebetsi ea bona ea sebaka se seputsoa e ka fana ka kutloisiso ea lits'ebetso tsa maoatle le likhokahano tsa maoatle a batho. Ho ile ha sebelisoa Melao-motheo ea Ocean Literacy ho lekola tlhokomeliso ea maoatle ka ho sebelisana le maoatle ho nts'etsapele kutloisiso e tsoelang pele ea liphihlelo tsa ho sesa, ho sebelisoa moralo oa litsamaiso tsa tikoloho le tikoloho ho etsa mohlala oa liphetho tsa ho palama maqhubu. Liphetho li fumane hore ka 'nete bapalami ba fumana melemo ea ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola ka leoatleng, haholo-holo tse tharo ho tse supileng tsa Ocean Literacy Principles, le hore tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ke molemo o tobileng oo bapalami ba bangata ba sehlopheng sa sampuli ba o fumanang.

Blythe, J., Baird, J., Bennett, N., Dale, G., Nash, K., Pickering, G., Wabnitz, C. (2021, March 3). Ho Matlafatsa Kutloelo-bohloko ea Leoatle ka Maemo a Kamoso. Batho le Tlhaho. 3:1284–1296. DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10253. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 354368024_Fostering_ocean_empathy _through_future_scenarios

Kutloelo-bohloko bakeng sa tlhaho e nkoa e le ntho e hlokahalang bakeng sa likamano tse tsitsitseng le biosphere. Ka mor'a ho fana ka kakaretso ea khopolo ea kutloelo-bohloko ea leoatle le liphello tse ka 'nang tsa e-ba teng tsa liketso kapa ho se sebetse mabapi le bokamoso ba leoatle, e bitsoang scenarios, bangoli ba ile ba etsa qeto ea hore boemo ba ho hloka tšepo bo ile ba fella ka maemo a mangata a kutloelo-bohloko ha a bapisoa le boemo bo nang le tšepo. Thuto ena e hlokomelehile hobane e totobatsa ho fokotseha ha maemo a kutloelo-bohloko (ho khutlela maemong a pele ho tlhahlobo) likhoeli tse tharo feela ka mor'a hore ho fanoe ka lithuto tsa kutloelo-bohloko ea leoatle. Kahoo, ho ba le katleho ea nako e telele ho hlokahala ho fetang lithuto tse bonolo tse rutang.

Sunassee, A.; Bokhoree, C.; Patrizio, A. (2021). Kutloelo-bohloko ea Liithuti bakeng sa Tikoloho ka Thuto ea Eco-Art Place-based. Ecologies 2021, 2, 214–247. DOI:10.3390/ecologies2030014. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 352811810_A_Designed_Eco-Art_and_Place-Based_Curriculum_Encouraging_Students%27 _Empathy_for_the_Environment

Phuputso ena e ile ea sheba hore na liithuti li amana joang le tlhaho, ke eng e amang litumelo tsa seithuti le hore na boitšoaro bo susumetsoa joang, le hore na liketso tsa liithuti li ameha joang li ka fana ka kutloisiso e eketsehileng ea kamoo ba ka kenyang letsoho ka mokhoa o nang le morero lipakaneng tsa lefatše. Sepheo sa thuto ena e ne e le ho sekaseka lipampiri tsa lipatlisiso tsa thuto tse hatisitsoeng sebakeng sa thuto ea bonono ea tikoloho ho fumana ntlha e nang le phello e kholo ka ho fetisisa le ho khantša hore na li ka thusa joang ho ntlafatsa mehato e sebelisoang. Liphuputso li bonts'a hore lipatlisiso tse joalo li ka thusa ho ntlafatsa thuto ea bonono ea tikoloho e ipapisitseng le ts'ebetso le ho nahanela mathata a nakong e tlang a lipatlisiso.

Michael J. Manfredo, Tara L. Teel, Richard EW Berl, Jeremy T. Bruskotter, Shinobu Kitayama, Phetoho ea boleng ba sechaba molemong oa paballo ea mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng United States, Nature Sustainability, 10.1038/s41893-020-00655-6, 4, 4, (323-330), (2020).

Phuputso ena e fumane hore ho eketseha ha tumello ea litekanyetso tsa mutualism (ho bona liphoofolo tse hlaha e le karolo ea sechaba sa sechaba le ho lokeloa ke litokelo joaloka batho) ho tsamaisana le ho theoha ha litekanyetso tse hatisang puso (ho tšoara liphoofolo tse hlaha e le lisebelisoa tse tla sebelisoa molemong oa batho), mokhoa o tsoelang pele. e bonahalang tshekatshekong ya dihlopha tse fapaneng. Boithuto bona bo boetse bo fumane likamano tse matla lipakeng tsa litekanyetso tsa boemo ba mmuso le mekhoa ea kholo ea litoropo, e hokahanyang phetoho ho maemo a macro-level socioeconomic. Liphetho li fana ka maikutlo a liphetho tse ntle bakeng sa paballo empa bokhoni ba lebala ba ho ikamahanya le maemo bo tla ba bohlokoa ho fihlela liphetho tseo.

Lotze, HK, Moeti, H., O'Leary, J., Tuda, A., le Wallace, D. (2018). Maikutlo a sechaba ka litšokelo tsa metsing le tšireletso ho tsoa lefats'eng ka bophara. Leoatle la Leoatle. Laola. 152, 14–22. doi: 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.11.004. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321274396_Public_perceptions_of_marine _threats_and_protection_from_around_the _world

Phuputso ena e bapisa liphuputso tsa maikutlo a sechaba mabapi le litšokelo le ts'ireletso ea leoatleng tse kenyelletsang batho ba fetang 32,000 ba arabelang linaheng tse 21. Liphetho li bonts'a hore 70% ea ba arabelitsoeng ba lumela hore tikoloho ea leoatle e kotsing ea mesebetsi ea batho, leha ho le joalo, ke 15% feela e nahanang hore bophelo ba leoatle bo bobe kapa bo kotsing. Ba arabetseng ba ile ba lula ba beha litaba tsa tšilafalo e le tšokelo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, tse lateloang ke ho tšoasa litlhapi, phetoho ea libaka le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Mabapi le ts'ireletso ea maoatle, 73% ea ba arabetseng ba tšehetsa li-MPA sebakeng sa bona, ka lehlakoreng le leng ba hakanya ho fetelletseng sebaka sa leoatle se sirelelitsoeng hajoale. Tokomane ena e sebetsa haholo ho batsamaisi ba likepe, baetsi ba melaoana, litsebi tsa paballo ea lintho tsa tlhaho, le matichere ho ntlafatsa tsamaiso ea maoatle le mananeo a paballo.

Martin, VY, Weiler, B., Reis, A., Dimmock, K., & Scherrer, P. (2017). 'Ho etsa se nepahetseng': Mahlale a kahisano a ka thusa joang ho khothaletsa phetoho ea boitšoaro ba tikoloho libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng tsa maoatleng. Leano la Marine, 81, 236-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.001 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316034159_’Doing_the_right_thing’ _How_social_science_can_help_foster_pro-environmental_behaviour_change_in_marine _protected_areas

Batsamaisi ba MPAs ba tlalehile hore ba tšoasehile lipakeng tsa tlholisano ea lintho tse tlang pele tse khothaletsang boitšoaro bo botle ba basebelisi ho fokotsa litlamorao ho tikoloho ea maoatle ha ba ntse ba lumella tšebeliso ea boithabiso. Ho sebetsana le sena bangoli ba pheha khang ea maano a ho fetola boitšoaro a nang le tsebo ho fokotsa boits'oaro ba mathata ho li-MPA le ho kenya letsoho boitekong ba paballo. Sengoliloeng se fana ka leseli le lecha la theory le ts'ebetso ea hore na ba ka thusa batsamaisi ba MPA joang ho shebisisa le ho fetola boitšoaro bo itseng bo tšehetsang boleng ba serapa sa leoatle.

A De Young, R. (2013). "Kakaretso ea Psychology ea Tikoloho." Ho Ann H. Huffman & Stephanie Klein [Eds.] Green Organizations: Driving Change with IO Psychology. Pp. 17-33. NY: Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 259286195_Environmental_Psychology_ Overview

Psychology ea tikoloho ke karolo ea boithuto e hlahlobang likamano lipakeng tsa tikoloho le tšusumetso ea batho, temoho le boitšoaro. Khaolo ena ea buka e shebisisa ka botebo saekholoji ea tikoloho e akaretsang litšebelisano tsa batho le tikoloho le litlamorao tsa eona ho khothaletseng boitšoaro bo nepahetseng tlas'a maemo a lekang a tikoloho le a sechaba. Leha e sa tsepame ka kotloloho litabeng tsa maoatle sena se thusa ho theha sethala sa lithuto tse felletseng tsa psychology ea tikoloho.

McKinley, E., Fletcher, S. (2010). Boikarabello ba motho ka mong bakeng sa maoatle? Tekolo ea boahi ba leoatleng ke litsebi tsa likepe tsa UK. Taolo ea Leoatle le Lebopo, Moq. 53, No. 7,379-384. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 245123669_Individual_responsibility _for_the_oceans_An_evaluation_of_marine _citizenship_by_UK_marine_practitioners

Morao tjena, puso ea tikoloho ea maoatleng e fetohile ho tloha haholo-holo holimo-tlase 'me e lebisitsoe ho naha ho ea ho ba le karolo e kholo le ea sechaba. Pampiri ena e fana ka maikutlo a hore katoloso ea mokhoa ona e tla ba sesupo sa maikutlo a sechaba a ho ba moahi oa maoatleng ho fana ka taolo e tsitsitseng le ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ea maoatle ka ho kenya letsoho ho matlafalitsoeng ho nts'etsopele ea maano le ts'ebetsong. Har'a basebetsi ba maoatleng, maemo a holimo a ho kenya letsoho ha baahi taolong ea tikoloho ea maoatleng a ka tsoela tikoloho ea maoatle molemo haholo, ka melemo e meng e ka bang teng ka ho eketseha ha maikutlo a boahi ba leoatleng.

Zelezny, LC & Schultz, PW (eds.). 2000. Ho khothaletsa tikoloho. Journal ea Mathata a Sechaba 56, 3, 365-578. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00172 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227686773_Psychology _of_Promoting_Environmentalism_ Promoting_Environmentalism

Khatiso ena ea Journal of Social Issues e tsepamisitse maikutlo ho psychology, sociology, le leano la sechaba la litaba tsa tikoloho ea lefatše. Lipakane tsa taba ke (1) ho hlalosa boemo ba hajoale ba tikoloho le tikoloho, (2) ho hlahisa likhopolo tse ncha le lipatlisiso mabapi le maikutlo le boitšoaro ba tikoloho, le (3) ho hlahloba litšitiso le maikutlo a boitšoaro mabapi le ho khothaletsa tikoloho. ketso.

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4. Thuto

4.1 STEM le Leoatle

Tsamaiso ea Naha ea Leoatle le Atmospheric (NOAA). (2020). Tsebo ea ho Bala le ho Ngola ea Leoatle: Melao-motheo ea Bohlokoa le Mehopolo ea Motheo ea Saense ea Leoatle bakeng sa Baithuti ba Mengwaha Eohle. Washington, DC. https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/ literacy.html

Ho utloisisa leoatle ke habohlokoa bakeng sa ho utloisisa le ho sireletsa polanete ena eo bohle re phelang ho eona. Sepheo sa Letšolo la ho Bala le ho Ngola Leoatleng e ne e le ho sebetsana le khaello ea litaba tse amanang le leoatle maemong a thuto ea mahlale a naha le a naha, lisebelisoa tsa thuto le liteko.

4.2 Lisebelisoa bakeng sa Barupeli ba K-12

Payne, D., Halversen, C., le Schoedinger, SE (2021, Phupu). Buka ea ho Eketsa Thuto ea Leoatleng bakeng sa Barupeli le Babuelli ba Thuto ea Leoatleng. Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Barupeli ba Marine. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 363157493_A_Handbook_for_ Increasing_Ocean_Literacy_Tools_for _Educators_and_Ocean_Literacy_Advocates

Bukana ena ke sesebelisoa sa barupeli ho ruta, ho ithuta le ho buisana ka leoatle. Le hoja qalong e ne e reretsoe hore matichere a litlelase le barupeli ba sa reroang ba sebelisetsoe thepa ea thuto, mananeo, lipontšo le nts'etsopele ea mesebetsi United States, lisebelisoa tsena li ka sebelisoa ke mang kapa mang, kae kapa kae, ea batlang ho eketsa tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ea maoatle. Ho kenyelelitsoe litšoantšo tse 28 tsa phallo ea maikutlo tsa Ocean Literacy Scope le Tatelano ea Mephato ea K–12.

Tsai, Liang-Ting (2019, Mphalane). Liphello tsa Mekhahlelo e Mengata ea Lintlha tsa Baithuti le Sekolo ho Tsebo ea ho Bala le ho Ngola ea Leoatle la Baithuti ba Sekolo se Phahameng. Sustainability Vol. 11 DOI: 10.3390/su11205810.

Sephetho se seholo sa phuputso ena e bile hore ho baithuti ba likolo tse phahameng tsa Taiwan, lintlha tsa motho ka mong ke tsona tse susumetsang tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ka maoatle. Ka mantsoe a mang, lintlha tsa boemo ba baithuti li bakile karolo e kholoanyane ea phapang eohle ea tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ea baithuti ho feta maemo a boemo ba sekolo. Leha ho le joalo, khafetsa ho bala libuka kapa limakasine tse nang le lihlooho tsa leoatle e ne e le selelekela sa ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola, athe boemong ba sekolo, sebaka sa sekolo le sebaka sa sekolo e ne e le lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse susumetsang tsebo ea leoatle.

Mokhatlo oa Naha oa Barupeli ba Marine. (2010). Ocean Literacy Scope le Tatellano bakeng sa Mephato ea K-12. Letšolo la ho Bala le ho Ngola Leoatleng le Nang le Boholo ba Thuto ea Leoatleng le Tatelano ea Mephato ea K-12, NMEA. https://www.marine-ed.org/ocean-literacy/scope-and-sequence

The Ocean Literacy Scope and Sequence for Grades K–12 ke sesebelisoa sa taeo se fanang ka tataiso ho barupeli ho thusa liithuti tsa bona ho fihlela kutloisiso e feletseng ea leoatle ka litsela tse rarahaneng le ho feta ho theosa le lilemo tsa thuto ea mahlale e nahanelang, e momahaneng.

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5. Phapano, Tekano, Kenyeletso, le Toka

Adams, L., Bintiff, A., Jannke, H., le Kacez, D. (2023). Baithuti ba UC San Diego ba undergardate le Ocean Discovery Institute ba sebelisana ho theha lenaneo la liteko mabapi le boeletsi bo arabelang moetlong. Thuto ea Leoatle, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2023.104. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 366767133_UC_San_Diego _Undergraduates_and_the_Ocean_ Discovery_Institute_Collaborate_to_ Form_a_Pilot_Program_in_Culturally_ Responsive_Mentoring

Ho na le khaello e tebileng ea mefuta-futa ea mahlale a maoatle. Tsela e 'ngoe eo sena se ka ntlafatsoang ka eona ke ka ho kenya tšebetsong mekhoa ea ho ruta e arabelang setso le litloaelo tsa tlhabollo ho pholletsa le lipeipi tsa K-univesithi. Sengoliloeng sena, bafuputsi ba hlalosa liphetho tsa bona tsa pele le lithuto tseo ba ithutileng tsona ho tsoa lenaneong la liteko la ho ruta sehlopha se fapaneng sa merabe sa baithuti ba undergardate ka mekhoa ea boeletsi e tsotellang setso le ho ba fa menyetla ea ho sebelisa tsebo eo ba sa tsoa e fumana ho baithuti ba K-12. Sena se ts'ehetsa mohopolo oa hore baithuti ka lithuto tsa bona tsa pele ba ka fetoha babuelli ba sechaba le bakeng sa ba tsamaisang mananeo a mahlale a maoatle ho etelletsa pele mefuta-futa le ho kenyeletsoa ho nahanoa ha ba sebetsa mananeong a mahlale a maoatle.

Worm, B., Elliff, C., Fonseca, J., Gell, F., Serra Gonçalves, A. Helder, N., Murray, K., Peckham, S., Prelovec, L., Sink, K. ( 2023, Hlakubele). Ho Etsa Hore Tsebo ea ho Bala le ho Ngola ea Leoatle e Kenyellehe le ho Fumaneha. Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics DOI: 10.3354/esep00196. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 348567915_Making_Ocean _Literacy_Inclusive_and_Accessible

Bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore ho kenya letsoho litabeng tsa mahlale a leoatleng esale e le tokelo ea palo e fokolang ea batho ba nang le monyetla oa ho fumana thuto e phahameng, lisebelisoa tse khethehileng le lichelete tsa lipatlisiso. Leha ho le joalo, lihlopha tsa matsoalloa a moo, bonono ba moea, basebelisi ba maoatle, le lihlopha tse ling tse seng li ntse li sebelisana haholo le maoatle li ka fana ka maikutlo a fapaneng ho ntlafatsa mohopolo oa tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ho feta kutloisiso ea mahlale a leoatle. Bangoli ba fana ka maikutlo a hore ho kenyeletsoa ho joalo ho ka tlosa litšitiso tsa nalane tse pota-potileng lebala, ho fetola tlhokomeliso le likamano tsa rona le maoatle, le ho thusa ho ts'ehetsa boiteko bo tsoelang pele ba ho khutlisetsa mefuta-futa ea lintho tse phelang leoatleng.

Zelezny, LC; Chua, PP; Aldrich, C. Mekhoa e Mecha ea ho Nahana ka Tlhokomelo ea Tikoloho: Ho Hlalosa Liphapang tsa Tekano ho Tikoloho. J. Soc. Likhatiso tsa 2000, 56, 443-457. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 227509139_New_Ways_of_Thinking _about_Environmentalism_Elaborating_on _Gender_Differences_in_Environmentalism

Bangoli ba fumane hore ka mor'a ho hlahloba lilemo tse leshome tsa lipatlisiso (1988-1998) mabapi le phapang ea botona le botšehali maikutlong le boitšoarong ba tikoloho, ho fapana le ho se lumellane ha nako e fetileng, ho hlahile setšoantšo se hlakileng haholoanyane: basali ba tlaleha maikutlo le boitšoaro bo matla ba tikoloho ho feta banna.

Bennett, N., Teh, L., Ota, Y., Christie, P., Ayers, A., et al. (2017). Boipiletso ba melao ea boitšoaro bakeng sa paballo ea leoatle, Leano la Marine, Buka ea 81, Maqephe 411-418, ISSN 0308-597X, DOI: 10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.035 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 316937934_An_appeal_for _a_code_of_conduct_for_marine_conservation

Liketso tsa paballo ea leoatle, le hoja li reriloe hantle, ha li ts'oareloe ts'ebetsong leha e le efe ea tsamaiso kapa sehlopha sa taolo, e leng se ka lebisang phapanong e kholo ea tekanyo ea katleho. Bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore melao ea boitšoaro kapa sete ea litekanyetso li lokela ho thehoa ho netefatsa hore mekhoa e nepahetseng ea puso e lateloa. Khoutu e lokela ho khothaletsa puso e hlokang leeme ea paballo le ho etsa liqeto, liketso le liphetho tsa polokeho ea toka sechabeng, le basebetsi le mekhatlo e nang le boikarabello. Sepheo sa khoutu ena se tla lumella paballo ea maoatle hore e amoheloe sechabeng le ho sebetsa hantle tikolohong, kahoo e tlatse letsoho hore ho be le leoatle le tšoarellang e le kannete.

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6. Maemo, Mekhoa, le Lipontšo

Zielinski, T., Kotynska-Zielinska, I. le Garcia-Soto, C. (2022, January). Leano la Thuto ea Leoatle: EU4Ocean. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 357882384_A_ Blueprint_for_Ocean_Literacy_EU4Ocean

Pampiri ena e bua ka bohlokoa ba puisano e sebetsang ea liphetho tsa saense ho baahi lefatšeng ka bophara. E le hore batho ba monye tlhahisoleseling, bafuputsi ba ile ba batla ho utloisisa Melao-motheo ea Ocean Literacy le ho sebelisa mekhoa e metle e fumanehang ho thusa ts'ebetso ea ho eketsa tlhokomeliso ea lefats'e ka liphetoho tsa tikoloho. Sena se sebetsa ka ho hlaka ho netefatsong ea mokhoa oa ho ipiletsa ho batho mabapi le litaba tse fapaneng tsa tikoloho, ka hona, batho ba ka ntlafatsa mekhoa ea thuto joang ho phephetsa phetoho ea lefats'e. Bangoli ba pheha khang ea hore ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola ka leoatle ke senotlolo sa botsitso, leha ho lokela ho hlokomeloa sengoloa sena se khothaletsa lenaneo la EU4Ocean.

Sean M. Wineland, Thomas M. Neeson, (2022). Ho eketsa ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso ea paballo ho marang-rang a sechaba. Saense ea Paballo le Boitloaelo, DOI:10.1111/csp2.12740, Moq. 4, No8. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 361491667_Maximizing_the_spread _of_conservation_initiatives_in_social_networks

Mananeo le maano a paballo a ka boloka mefuta-futa ea lihloliloeng le ho matlafatsa litšebeletso tsa tikoloho, empa hafeela li amoheloa ka bongata. Le hoja matsapa a likete a paballo a le teng lefatšeng ka bophara, a mangata a hloleha ho ata ho feta batho ba seng bakae ba qalileng ho a sebelisa. Ho amoheloa ha pele ke batho ba nang le tšusumetso ho fella ka ntlafatso e matla ho palo eohle ea ba amohelang morero oa ho boloka marang-rang ka bophara. Marang-rang a libaka a tšoana le marang-rang a sa sebetseng a entsoeng haholo-holo ke mekhatlo ea mmuso le mekhatlo ea libaka, ha marang-rang a naha a na le sebopeho se se nang sekhahla se nang le li-hubs tse nang le tšusumetso e matla ea mekhatlo ea federal le mekhatlo e ikemetseng.

Ashley M, Pahl S, Glegg G le Fletcher S (2019) Phetoho ea Kelello: Ho Sebelisa Mekhoa ea Patlisiso ea Sechaba le ea Boitšoaro Tekanyetsong ea Katleho ea Maiteko a Thuto ea Leoatleng. Meeli ho Saense ea Marine. DOI:10.3389/fmars.2019.00288. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 333748430_A_Change_of_Mind _Applying_Social_and_Behavioral_ Research_Methods_to_the_Assessment_of _the_Effectiveness_of_Ocean_Literacy_Initiatives

Mekhoa ena e lumella tlhahlobo ea liphetoho tsa maikutlo e leng senotlolo sa ho utloisisa katleho ea lenaneo. Bangoli ba fana ka moralo oa moralo oa tlhahlobo ea lithupelo tsa thuto bakeng sa litsebi tse kenang indastering ea likepe (e lebisitseng boitšoaro ho fokotsa ho ata ha mefuta e hlaselang) le lithupelo tsa thuto bakeng sa baithuti ba sekolo (ba lilemo li 11-15 le 16-18) mabapi le mathata a amanang le ona. ho litšila tsa metsing le li-microplastics. Bangoli ba fumane hore ho lekola liphetoho tsa maikutlo ho ka thusa ho tseba katleho ea morero ho eketsa tsebo ea barupeluoa le tlhokomeliso ea taba, haholo ha bamameli ba itseng ba ne ba tobane le lisebelisoa tsa ho tseba ho bala le ho ngola ka maoatle.

Santoro, F., Santin, S., Scowcroft, G., Fauville, G., le Tuddenham, P. (2017). Ocean Literacy for All – A Toolkit. Ofisi ea IOC/UNESCO & UNESCO Venice Paris (IOC Manuals and Guides, 80 e ntlafalitsoeng ka 2018), 136. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 321780367_Ocean_Literacy_for_all_-_A_toolkit

Ho tseba le ho utloisisa tšusumetso ea leoatle ho rona, le tšusumetso ea rona leoatleng, ho bohlokoa ho phela le ho sebetsa ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng. Sena ke motheo oa tsebo ea leoatle. Ocean Literacy Portal e sebetsa e le setsi se le seng, se fana ka lisebelisoa le litaba tse fumanehang ho bohle, ka sepheo sa ho theha sechaba se tsebang ho bala le ho ngola se khonang ho etsa liqeto tse nang le tsebo le tse nang le boikarabelo mabapi le mehloli ea maoatle le ho tšoarella ha maoatle.

NOAA. (2020, Hlakola). Tsebo ea ho Bala le ho Ngola ea Leoatle: Melao-motheo ea Bohlokoa ea Lisaense tsa Leoatle bakeng sa Liithuti tsa Mehla Eohle. www.oceanliteracyNMEA.org

Ho na le Melao-motheo ea Leoatle la ho Bala le ho Ngola e supileng 'me Scope le Tatelano e tlatsanang e na le litšoantšo tse 28 tsa phallo ea maikutlo. The Ocean Literacy Principles e ntse e le mosebetsi o ntseng o tsoela pele; li bontša boiteko ba ho fihlela joale ba ho hlalosa tsebo ea ho bala le ho ngola ka leoatleng. Khatiso ea pejana e hlahisitsoe ka 2013.

• Ocean Literacy Molao-motheo #1: Lefatše le na le leoatle le le leng le leholo le nang le likarolo tse ngata.
• Ocean Literacy Molao-motheo #2: Leoatle le bophelo bo leoatleng li bopa likarolo tsa Lefatše.
• Ocean Literacy Molao-motheo #3: Leoatle ke tšusumetso e kholo ho boemo ba leholimo le boemo ba leholimo.
• Ocean Literacy Molao-motheo #4: Lewatle le ile la etsa hore Lefatshe le dule.
• Ocean Literacy Molao-motheo #5: Leoatle le tšehetsa mefuta e mengata e fapaneng ea bophelo le tikoloho.
• Ocean Literacy Molao-motheo #6: Leoatle le batho li hokahane ka tsela e ke keng ea aroloa.
• Ocean Literacy Molao-motheo #7: Haholo-holo leoatle ha le hlahlojoe.

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