Mehato ea ho Shipping Sustainable

Ha khoebo ea maoatle e ntse e eketseha, ho joalo le ka sebaka sa eona sa tikoloho. Ka lebaka la tekanyo e khōlōhali ea khoebo ea lefatše lohle, likepe li ikarabella bakeng sa likarolo tse ngata tsa ho ntšoa ha carbon dioxide, ho thulana ha liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng, moea, lerata le tšilafalo ea polasetiki, le ho ata ha mefuta e hlaselang ea lintho tse phelang. Esita le qetellong ea bophelo ba sekepe ho ka 'na ha e-ba le mathata a bohlokoa a tikoloho le litokelo tsa botho ka lebaka la mekhoa e theko e tlaase le e sa tšepahaleng ea ho senya sekepe. Leha ho le joalo, ho na le menyetla e mengata ea ho sebetsana le litšokelo tsena.

Likepe li Beha Tikoloho ea Maoatleng Joang?

Likepe ke mohloli o moholo oa tšilafalo ea moea, ho kenyelletsa le likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše. Liphuputso li fumane hore likepe tsa likepe tse etelang likou tsa Europe li kenya carbon dioxide e ngata tikolohong joaloka likoloi tsohle ho pholletsa le Europe. Haufinyane tjena, ho bile le tšubuhlellano ea mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea propulsion e ka fokotsang mesi. Leha ho le joalo, litharollo tse ling tse sisintsoeng - tse kang liquified natural gas (LNG) - li batla li mpe bakeng sa tikoloho joalo ka khase ea setso. Le hoja LNG e hlahisa carbon dioxide e fokolang ho feta mafura a tloaelehileng a oli e boima, e ntša methane e ngata (karolo ea 84 lekholong ea khase e futhumatsang mocheso) sepakapakeng. 

Liphoofolo tse phelang metsing li tsoela pele ho utloa bohloko ka lebaka la likotsi tse bakoang ke ho thuloa ha likepe, tšilafalo ea lerata le lipalangoang tse kotsi. Lilemong tse mashome a mane tse fetileng, indasteri ea likepe e bone keketseho ea makhetlo a mararo ho isa ho a mane palong ea litlhaselo tsa likepe tsa maruarua lefatšeng ka bophara. Ka bobeli tšilafalo ea lerata le sa foleng le tsoang ho lienjineri le mecheng le tšilafalo e matla ea lerata le tsoang mecheng ea ho cheka ka tlas'a metsi, liphuputso tsa ho sisinyeha ha lefatše, li ka beha bophelo ba leoatleng kotsing haholo ka ho pata puisano ea liphoofolo, ho kena-kenana le ho ikatisa, le ho baka khatello e phahameng ea maikutlo ho libōpuoa tsa metsing. Ho feta moo, ho na le mathata ka maemo a tšabehang a limilione tsa liphoofolo tsa lefatšeng tse tsamaisoang ka likepe selemo le selemo. Liphoofolo tsena li ikemela letlapeng la tsona, li lematsoa ke ho khannoa ke maqhubu a otlang likepe, ’me li petetsane libakeng tse sa tsoetsoeng hantle ke moea ka libeke ka nako. 

Tšilafalo ea polasetiki e tsoang likepeng ke mohloli o ntseng o hōla oa tšilafalo ea polasetiki leoatleng. Matoa a polasetiki le lisebelisoa tse tsoang liketsoaneng tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi lia lahloa kapa li lahleheloa ke leoatle. Likarolo tsa likepe, esita le tse nyane, likepe tse tsamaeang ka leoatleng, li ntse li eketseha ka lipolasetiki, ho kenyeletsoa ka bobeli ho kenyelletsa fiber-reinforced le polyethylene. Le hoja likarolo tsa polasetiki tse bobebe li ka fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura, ntle le phekolo e reriloeng ea ho qetela ea bophelo, polasetiki ena e ka qetella e silafatsa leoatle ka lilemo tse makholo tse tlang. Lipente tse ngata tsa antifouling li na le li-polymers tsa polasetiki ho phekola mekotla ea likepe ho thibela ho senyeha kapa ho bokellana ha bokaholimo, joalo ka algae le barnacles. Qetellong, likepe tse ngata li lahla litšila tse hlahisoang ka sekepeng ka tsela e sa lokelang, tseo, hammoho le polasetiki e boletsoeng pejana, e leng mohloli o moholo oa tšilafalo ea polasetiki ea leoatle.

Likepe li etselitsoe ho nka metsi bakeng sa ho leka-lekanya le botsitso ha thepa ea thepa e le bobebe ka ho nka metsi a ballast ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele, empa metsi ana a ballast a ka tlisa bapalami ba sa lebelloang ka mokhoa oa limela le liphoofolo tse fumanehang metsing a ballast. Leha ho le joalo, haeba metsi a ballast a lula a sa phekoloe, ho hlahisoa ha mefuta eo e seng ea tlhaho ho ka senya tikoloho ea tlhaho ha metsi a lokolloa. Ho phaella moo, metsi a ballast le metsi a litšila a hlahisoang ke likepe hase kamehla a tšoaroang hantle 'me hangata a lahleloa metsing a potolohileng ha a ntse a tletse litšila le lintho tse tsoang linaheng tse ling, ho akarelletsa le li-hormone le masala a mang a meriana ea bapalami, a ka bakang kotsi tikolohong. Ho hlokahala hore ho etsoe ho hongata ho netefatsa hore metsi a likepe a hloekisoa hantle. 

Qetellong, ho na le litlōlo tsa litokelo tsa botho amanang le ho robeha ha sekepe; mokgoa wa ho pshatla sekepe hore se be dikarolo tse ka sebediswang hape. Ho qhekella ka likepe linaheng tse tsoelang pele ho thata, ho kotsi, ebile ho na le mosebetsi o lefang haholo o nang le tšireletso e fokolang kapa ha e eo ho hang bakeng sa basebetsi. Le hoja ho robeha ha likepe hangata ho baballa tikoloho ho feta ho teba kapa ho lahla sekepe qetellong ea bophelo ba sona, ho na le ho hongata ho lokelang ho etsoa ho sireletsa basebetsi ba likepe le ho netefatsa hore bana ba sirelelitsoe le hore ba se ke ba hiroa ka molao. Ntle le tlhekefetso ea litokelo tsa botho, hangata ho na le khaello ea melao ea tikoloho linaheng tse ngata moo ho robeha ha likepe ho lumellang chefo ho tsoa likepeng ho ea tikolohong.

Ke Menyetla Efe e Teng ea ho Etsa Hore Thomello e Ts'oarelle Haholoanyane?

• Khothaletsa ho amoheloa ha meeli ea lebelo le phokotso ea lebelo libakeng tse nang le maemo a holimo a likotlo tsa likepe tsa leoatle le palo ea liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho timela. Ho tsamaea butle ha likepe ho boetse ho fokotsa ho tsoa ha likhase tse futhumatsang lefatše, ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea moea, ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura le ho eketsa polokeho ea sekepe. Ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea moea, likepe li ka tsamaisa likepe ka lebelo le tlase ho fokotsa tšebeliso ea mafura le ho fokotsa tlhahiso ea khabone ka mokhoa o tsejoang ka hore ke ho tsamaea butle. 
• Keketseho ea matsete a mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea ho tsamaisa likepe ho kenyelletsa, empa e sa felle feela ho: liseile, lik'haete tse phahameng, le lisebelisoa tsa motlakase tse tlatsitsoeng ka motlakase.
• Litsamaiso tse ntlafetseng tsa ho sesa li ka fana ka tsela e nepahetseng ea ho tsamaea ho qoba libaka tse kotsi, ho fumana libaka tsa bohlokoa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi, ho sala morao ho falla ha liphoofolo ho fokotsa tšusumetso, ho netefatsa hore melao ea tsamaiso le ho fokotsa nako eo sekepe se leng leoatleng ka eona, kahoo, ho fokotsa nako eo sekepe se silafatsang ka eona.
• Theha kapa fana ka lisensara tse ka sebelisoang ho bokella lintlha tsa maoatle. Likepe tse bokellang lisampole tsa metsi ka botsona li ka fana ka tlhahlobo ea nako ea nnete le tlhahlobo ea k'hemistri ho thusa ho tlatsa likheo tsa tsebo mabapi le maemo a leoatle, maqhubu, mocheso o fetohang le liphetoho tsa khemistri ea leoatle (joalo ka acidification ea leoatle).
• Theha marang-rang a GPS ho lumella likepe ho tšoaea pokello e kholo ea li-microplastic, lisebelisoa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa ghost, le maloanlahla a leoatle. Lithako li ka nkoa ke ba boholong le mekhatlo e seng ea 'muso kapa tsa bokelloa ke ba indastering ea likepe ka boeona.
• Kopanya kabo ea data e ts'ehetsang litšebelisano lipakeng tsa ba indastering ea likepe, bo-ramahlale le baetsi ba melaoana. 
• Ho sebetsa ho kenya ts'ebetsong litekanyetso tse ncha tse thata tsa machaba mabapi le ho hloekisa metsi a ballast le metsi a litšila ho loantša ho ata ha mefuta e hlaselang.
• Ho phahamisa boikarabello bo atolositsoeng ba bahlahisi moo merero ea ho qetela e nahanoang ho tloha moahong oa pele oa likepe.
• Theha mekhoa e mecha ea phekolo bakeng sa metsi a litšila le metsi a ballast a netefatsang hore ha ho na mefuta e hlaselang, lithōle kapa limatlafatsi tse lahleloang ka mokhoa o sa tsotelleng tikolohong.

Blog ena e nkiloe ho tloha khaolong ea Greening the Blue Economy: A Transdisciplinary Analysis e phatlalalitsoeng ho Sustainability in the Marine Domain: Towards Ocean Governance and Beyond, ed. Carpenter, A., Johansson, T, and Skinner, J. (2021).