Isikhumbuzo se-3rd se-BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

NguCynthia Sarthou, uMlawuli oyiNtloko, iNethiwekhi yokuBuyiselwa kweGulf kunye
UBethany Kraft, uMlawuli, iNkqubo yokuBuyiselwa kweGulf, i-Ocean Conservancy

Intlekele yokuchitheka kweoyile yeBP Deepwater Horizon ibe nefuthe elibi kwinxalenye yeGulf ecosystem kunye noqoqosho lwale ngingqi kunye noluntu. Loo monakalo, nangona kunjalo, wenzeka kumqolo wemiceli mngeni yamashumi eminyaka ukusuka kwilahleko kunye nokuthotywa kwemigxobhozo kunye nezithintelo zeziqithi ezigudle unxweme ukuya ekuyilweni “kwemimandla efileyo” kuMntla weGulf ukuya ekulobeni ngokugqithisileyo kunye nokulahleka kwemveliso yokuloba, singasathethi ke ngomonakalo osuka iinkanyamba ezinzima kwaye rhoqo. Intlekele ye-BP ibangele ikhwelo lesizwe lokuthatha amanyathelo okudlulela ngaphaya kweempembelelo zokuqhushumba kunye nokujongana nokuthotywa kwexesha elide ummandla oye wabandezeleka.

Barataria Bay, LA

Nangona kukho imingeni emininzi ejongene nommandla, i-ecosystem ye-Gulf iyaqhubeka ibe yindawo yobuninzi obumangalisayo, isebenza njengenjini yezoqoqosho kwilizwe lonke. I-GDP ye-5 Gulf states edibeneyo iya kuba yi-7th enkulu yezoqoqosho kwihlabathi, ingena kwi-2.3 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka. Ngaphezu kwesinye kwisithathu sokutya kwaselwandle okubanjwe kumazantsi angama-48 ukusuka kwiGulf. Lo mmandla uyindawo yamandla kunye nebhaskithi ye-shrimp yesizwe. Oku kuthetha ukuba ilizwe liphela linenxaxheba ekubuyiselweni kwakhona kwalo mmandla.

Njengoko sidlula isikhumbuzo seminyaka emithathu soqhushumbo olwathatha ubomi bamadoda ali-11, iBP ayikaphumezi ukuzinikela kwayo ekubuyiseleni i-ecosystem ye-Gulf kwimeko ephilileyo. Njengoko sisebenzela ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo, kufuneka sijongane nomonakalo wexesha elifutshane kunye nexesha elide kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili: imimandla yonxweme, imithombo yamanzi aluhlaza kunye noluntu lwaselunxwemeni. Ubume obuthungelanayo bobutyebi bonxweme nolwandle lweGulf, kudityaniswe nento yokuba abacinezeli bokusingqongileyo banxulunyaniswa nezinto ezenziwa emhlabeni kunye naselwandle, baqhuba indlela yolungelelwaniso lwendalo kunye nejografi yokubuyisela ibalulekile.

Isishwankathelo seempembelelo zentlekele yeoli yeBP

Elmer's Island, LA

I-BP Disaster yeyona inkulu kwizithuko zobutyebi beGulf. Izigidi zeelitha zeoyile kunye nabasasazwayo bakhutshelwa kwiGulf ngexesha lentlekele. Unxweme olungaphezu kweehektare eziliwaka lwalungcolisekile. Namhlanje, ioyile isaqhubeka nokukhukuliseka kumakhulu eehektare zonxweme ukusuka eLouisiana ukuya eFlorida.

Idatha ekhoyo yenzululwazi ibonisa ukuba iGulf iye yachatshazelwa kakubi yintlekele. Umzekelo, ukusuka ngoNovemba 2010 ukuya kuMatshi 24, 2013, 669 cetaceans, ingakumbi dolphin, baye stranded - 104 ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2013. Ukususela ngoNovemba 2010 ukuya kuFebruwari 2011, 1146 ufudo, 609 kubo befile, bexakeke kabini- amaxabiso. Ukongezelela, amanani aphezulu e-Snapper ebomvu, intlanzi ebalulekileyo yokuzonwabisa kunye neyorhwebo, inezilonda kunye nokulimala kwamalungu, i-Gulf killifish (i-aka cocahoe minnow) inomonakalo we-gill kunye nokunciphisa ukuqina kokuzala, kunye nee-corals zamanzi ezinzulu zonakaliswe okanye ziyafa-konke kuhambelana nezinga eliphantsi. utyhileko oluyityhefu.

Emva kwale ntlekele, amalungu oluntu lwe-NGO ye-Gulf, emele imibutho engaphezulu kwama-50 yabalobi, abahlali kunye nemibutho yolondolozo, baye badibana ukuze benze umfelandawonye owaziwa ngokuba yi "Gulf Future." Umanyano lwaphuhlisa Iiveki Bay Principles for Gulf yoBuyiselo, kunye the Isicwangciso sokuSebenza esiManyeneyo seGulf Future seGulf ephilileyo. Zombini iMithetho-siseko kunye neSicwangciso sokuSebenza sijolise kwimimandla emi-4: (1) yokubuyiselwa konxweme; (2) ukulungiswa kolwandle; (3) ukubuyisela uluntu kunye nokomelela; kunye (4) nempilo yoluntu. Iinkxalabo zangoku zamaqela e-Gulf Future ziquka:

• Ukunqongophala kokungafihli ekukhetheni iiprojekthi zokubuyiselwa yi-arhente zikaRhulumente kunye ne-Federal;
• Uxinzelelo olufunwa ngurhulumente kunye nelizwe kunye neendawo ezinomdla zokuchitha imali ye-RESTORE Act "kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwemveli" (iindlela, amaziko endibano, njl.;
• Ukungaphumeleli kwee-arhente ukusebenzisana noluntu lwasekuhlaleni ukudala imisebenzi yendawo kubantu abachaphazelekayo; kwaye,
• Isenzo esinganelanga ukuqinisekisa, ngomthetho okanye ummiselo, ukuba intlekele efanayo ayisayi kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo.

Amaqela e-Gulf Future ayaqonda ukuba iibhiliyoni zeedola kwizohlwayo ze-BP eziza kulo mmandla ngoMthetho we-RESTORE lithuba elinye ebomini bokwakha iGulf eyomeleleyo neyomelela ngakumbi kwizizukulwana ezizayo.

Ukutshatela ikhosi yexesha elizayo

Ipasiswe ngoJulayi ka-2012, i-RESTORE ACT idala i-trust fund eya kuthi iqondise inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoMthetho waManzi acocekileyo imali ehlawulwe yi-BP kunye namanye amaqela anoxanduva ukuba asetyenziswe ukubuyisela i-ecosystem ye-Gulf. Kokokuqala ukuba kunikezelwe imali eninzi kangaka ekubuyiseleni imekobume yeGulf, kodwa umsebenzi usekude ukuba uphele.

Nangona ukulungiswa kunye neTransocean kuya kuqondisa imali yokuqala kwi-trust fund yokubuyisela, ulingo lwe-BP lusaqhuba eNew Orleans, kungekho siphelo. Ngaphandle kokuba kwaye de iBP yamkele uxanduva olupheleleyo, izibonelelo zethu kunye nabantu abaxhomekeke kubo abayi kukwazi ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo. Kuxhomekeke kuthi sonke ukuhlala sikhuthele kwaye siqhubeke sisebenzela ukubuyisela oko ngokwenene kuyenye yezinto ezixabisekileyo zesizwe.

Landela inqaku: Ngaba siyayihoya eyona Nzululwazi iBalulekileyo malunga neGulf Spill?