Uqoqosho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

1. intshayelelo
2. Yintoni iBlue Economy?
3. Impembelelo yezoQoqosho
4. Ulimo lwasemanzini kunye nezokuLoba
5. UKhenketho, Iinqanawa zokuhamba ngeenqanawa, kunye nokuLoba ngokuzonwabisa
6. Itekhnoloji kuQoqosho oluBlue
7. Ukukhula okuBlue
8. URhulumente weSizwe kunye neNtshukumo yoMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe

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Cofa ngezantsi ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nendlela yethu yoqoqosho oluzinzileyo:

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1. intshayelelo

Ubukhosi babusekelwe ngokupheleleyo ekuxhatshazweni kwemithombo yendalo, kunye nokurhweba kwimpahla yabathengi (iingubo, iziqholo, i-chinaware), kunye (ngokudabukisayo) amakhoboka kwaye babexhomekeke elwandle ngokuthutha. Nkqu noguquko lwemizi-mveliso lwaluxhaswe yi-oyile evela elwandle, kuba ngaphandle kwe-oyile ye-spermaceti yokuthambisa oomatshini, umlinganiselo wemveliso wawungenakutshintsha. Abatyali-zimali, abaqikeleli, kunye neshishini leinshorensi esaqalayo (Lloyd’s of London) zonke zakhiwa ngenxa yokuthatha inxaxheba kurhwebo lolwandle lwamazwe ngamazwe ngeziqholo, ioli yomnenga, nezinyithi zexabiso.

Ke, utyalo-mali kuqoqosho lwaselwandle luphantse lwandala njengoqoqosho lwaselwandle ngokwalo. Khona kutheni sithetha ngathi kukho into entsha? Kutheni sivelisa ibinzana elithi "uqoqosho oluluhlaza?" Kutheni sicinga ukuba kukho ithuba elitsha lokukhula elivela "kuqoqosho oluluhlaza?"

UQoqosho (olutsha) lubhekiselele kwimisebenzi yoqoqosho esekwe kuzo zombini, nelulungele ulwandlekazi, nangona iinkcazo zinokwahluka. Ngelixa ingqikelelo yoQoqosho oluLuhlaza iqhubeka nokutshintsha kunye nokuziqhelanisa, uphuhliso loqoqosho kuluntu lwaselwandle nonxweme lunokuyilwa ukuba lusebenze njengesiseko sophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwihlabathi liphela.

Embindini wengqikelelo entsha yoQoqosho oluLuhlaza kukudityaniswa kophuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho ekuthotyweni kokusingqongileyo… isetyana loqoqosho lolwandle luphela olunemisebenzi yokuhlaziya nebuyisela umva ekhokelela ekwandiseni impilo yoluntu kunye nokuphila, kubandakanywa ukhuseleko lokutya nokudala. ubomi obuzinzileyo.

UMarko J. Spalding | NgoFebruwari, 2016

BUYELA Phezulu

2. Yintoni iBlue Economy?

Spalding, MJ (2021, Meyi 26) Utyalo-mali kuQoqosho olutsha lweBlue. Isiseko soLwandle. Ibuyisiwe kwi: https://youtu.be/ZsVxTrluCvI

I-Ocean Foundation iqabane kunye nomcebisi we-Rockefeller Capital Management, inceda ukuchonga iinkampani zoluntu ezinemveliso kunye neenkonzo ezihlangabezana neemfuno zobudlelwane obuphilileyo bomntu kunye nolwandle. UMongameli we-TOF uMark J. Spalding uxoxa ngale ntsebenziswano kunye nokutyalomali kuqoqosho oluzinzileyo oluluhlaza kwiwebhu yewebhu ye-2021 yakutshanje.  

Wenhai L., Cusack C., Baker M., Tao W., Mingbao C., Paige K., Xiaofan Z., Levin L., Escobar E., Amon D., Yue Y., Reitz A., Neves AAS , O'Rourke E., Mannarini G., Pearlman J., Tinker J., Horsburgh KJ, Lehodey P., Pouliquen S., Dale T., Peng Z. kunye noYufeng Y. (2019, Juni 07). Imizekelo ye-Blue Economy eyimpumelelo ngokugxininisa kwiimbono zamazwe ngamazwe. Imida kwiNzululwazi yaseLwandle 6 (261). Ifunyenwe kwi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00261

IBlue Economy isebenza njengesakhelo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wemisebenzi yoqoqosho lwaselwandle oluzinzileyo kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha baselwandle. Eli phepha libonelela ngombono obanzi kunye nezifundo zethiyori kunye nehlabathi lokwenyani ezimele imimandla eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi ukunika imvumelwano yeBlue Economy ngokubanzi.

Banos Ruiz, I. (2018, Julayi 03). UQoqosho oluBlue: Hayi nje ngeeNtlanzi. Deutsche Welle. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://p.dw.com/p/2tnP6.

Kwintshayelelo emfutshane yeBlue Economy, umsasazi wezizwe ngezizwe waseDeutsche Welle waseJamani ubonelela ngesishwankathelo esithe ngqo seBlue Economy eneenkalo ezininzi. Ukuxoxa ngezoyikiso ezifana nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nongcoliseko lweplastiki, umbhali uthi into embi kulwandle imbi eluntwini kwaye kusekho iindawo ezininzi ezifuna intsebenziswano eqhubekayo ukukhusela ubutyebi bezoqoqosho obuninzi bolwandle.

Keen, M., Schwarz, AM, Wini-Simeon, L. (NgoFebruwari 2018). Ngokubhekiselele ekuchazeni uQoqosho oluBlue: Izifundo eziSebenzayo kuLawulo loLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Umgaqo-nkqubo waseLwandle. Umqulu. 88 iphe. 333 – iphe. 341. Ifunyenwe ku: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.03.002

Ababhali baphuhlise isakhelo sengqikelelo ukujongana neentlobo zamagama anxulumene noQoqosho oluBlue. Esi sikhokelo siboniswa kuphononongo olungumzekelo lwamashishini amathathu okuloba aseSolomon Islands: abakhasayo, iimarike zasezidolophini zelizwe, kunye nophuhliso loshishino lwamazwe ngamazwe ngokusetyenzwa kwetyhuna elunxwemeni. Kwinqanaba eliphantsi, kusekho imingeni ephuma kwinkxaso yendawo, ukulingana ngokwesini kunye neendawo zezopolitiko zendawo ezichaphazela ukuzinza kweBlue Economy.

I-World Wildlife Fund (2018) Imigaqo yeNgcaciso emfutshane yoQoqosho oluZinzileyo. IWorld Wildlife Fund. Ibuyisiwe kwi: https://wwf.panda.org/our_work/oceans/publications/?247858/Principles-for-a-Sustainable-Blue-Economy

IWorld Wildlife Fund's Principles for Sustainable Blue Economy ijolise ekuchazeni ngokufutshane ingqikelelo yeBlue Economy ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso loqoqosho lolwandle lunegalelo kwimpumelelo yokwenyani. Eli nqaku lixoxa ngelithi uQoqosho oluLuhlaza oluzinzileyo kufuneka lulawulwe ziinkqubo zikawonke-wonke nezabucala ezibandakanyayo, ezinolwazi oluphangaleleyo, eziguquguqukayo, eziphendulayo, ezingafihliyo, ezipheleleyo, nezisebenzayo. Ukufezekisa ezi njongo, abathathi-nxaxheba bakarhulumente nababucala kufuneka babeke iinjongo ezinokulinganiswa, bavavanye kwaye banxibelelane ngomsebenzi wabo, babonelele ngemithetho eyaneleyo kunye nenkuthazo, balawule ngokufanelekileyo ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yaselwandle, baphuhlise imigangatho, baqonde ungcoliseko lwaselwandle oludla ngokuqala emhlabeni, kwaye basebenzisane ngenkuthalo ukukhuthaza utshintsho. .

Grimm, K. kunye noJ. Fitzsimmons. (2017, Oktobha 6) Uphando kunye neeNgcebiso ngoNxibelelwano malunga noQoqosho oluBlue. Spitfire. IPDF.

I-Spitfire idale uhlalutyo lobume bonxibelelwano malunga neBlue Economy ye-2017 Mid-Atlantic Blue Ocean Economy 2030 Forum. Uhlalutyo lubonakalise ingxaki ekhokelayo ihlala ingekho inkcazo kunye nolwazi kumashishini omabini naphakathi koluntu ngokubanzi kunye nabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo. Phakathi kweshumi elinesibini leengcebiso ezongezelelweyo zibonise umxholo ofanayo malunga nesidingo sokuthumela imiyalezo ngobuchule kunye nothethathethwano olusebenzayo.

Umbutho woKutya kunye nezoLimo weZizwe eziManyeneyo. (2017, Meyi 3). Umqulu wokuKhula oBlue eCabo Verde. Amazwe adbeneyo. Ibuyisiwe kwi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cmw4kvfUnZI

Umbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo woKutya kunye nezoLimo uxhasa amaZwe aPhuhlisayo kwiSiqithi esiNcinane ngokusebenzisa inani leeprojekthi kwihlabathi jikelele, kubandakanywa neBlue Growth Charter. ICape Verde yakhethwa njengeprojekthi yokulinga yeBlue Growth Charter ukukhuthaza imigaqo-nkqubo notyalo-mali olunxulumene nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lolwandle. Le vidiyo iqaqambisa imiba eyahlukahlukeneyo yoQoqosho oluLuhlaza kuquka imilinganiselo yabemi bengingqi engasoloko iboniswa kwiinkcazo ezinkulu zeBlue Economy.

Spalding, MJ (2016, February). UQoqosho oLutsha oluBlue: ikamva loZinzo. Ijenali yoLwandle noQoqosho loNxweme. Ibuyisiwe kwi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15351/2373-8456.1052

I-Blue Economy entsha ligama eliphuhliswe ukucacisa imisebenzi ekhuthaza ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwemizamo yabantu, umsebenzi wezoqoqosho, kunye neenzame zokulondoloza.

Inyathelo lezeMali leNkqubo yokusiNgqongileyo ye-UN. (2021, Matshi). Ukuguqula iTide: Indlela yokuxhasa ngezimali ukubuyiswa kolwandle oluzinzileyo: Isikhokelo esisebenzayo samaziko emali ukukhokela ukubuyiswa kolwandle oluzinzileyo. Ikhuphela apha kule webhusayithi.

Esi sikhokelo sinikezelwa liNyathelo lezeMali leNkqubo yokusiNgqongileyo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo sisixhobo sokuqala esisebenzayo kumaziko emali ukuze aqhubele phambili imisebenzi yawo ekuxhaseni ngemali uqoqosho oluzinzileyo. Yenzelwe iibhanki, i-inshurensi kunye nabatyali-mali, isikhokelo sichaza indlela yokuphepha kunye nokunciphisa imingcipheko yendalo kunye nentlalo kunye neempembelelo, kunye nokugqamisa amathuba, xa kunikezelwa inkunzi kwiinkampani okanye iiprojekthi ngaphakathi koqoqosho oluluhlaza. Amacandelo amahlanu angundoqo olwandle ayaphononongwa, akhethelwe uqhagamshelwano lwawo olusekiweyo kunye nezezimali zabucala: ukutya kwaselwandle, iinqanawa, amazibuko, ukhenketho lwaselunxwemeni nolwaselwandle namandla ahlaziyekayo elwandle, ngakumbi umoya ophuma elunxwemeni.

BUYELA Phezulu

3. Impembelelo yezoQoqosho

IBhanki yoPhuhliso lwase-Asia / i-International Finance Corporation ngokubambisana ne-International Capital Market Association (ICMA), iNyathelo lezeMali leNkqubo yeSizwe yeZizwe eziManyeneyo (UNEP FI), kunye neSivumelwano seHlabathi seZizwe eziManyeneyo (UNGC) (2023, Septemba). Iibhondi zokuxhasa ngemali uQoqosho oluZinzileyo oluLuhlaza: Isikhokelo samaGqirha. https://www.icmagroup.org/assets/documents/Sustainable-finance/Bonds-to-Finance-the-Sustainable-Blue-Economy-a-Practitioners-Guide-September-2023.pdf

Isikhokelo esitsha kwiibhondi eziluhlaza ukunceda ukuvula imali yoqoqosho lolwandle oluzinzileyo | I-International Capital Market Association (ICMA) kunye ne-International Finance Corporation (IFC) - ilungu leQela leBhanki yeHlabathi, iSivumelwano seHlabathi seZizwe eziManyeneyo, iBhanki yoPhuhliso lwaseAsia kunye ne-UNEP FI baphuhlise isikhokelo seengcali zehlabathi kwiibhondi ukuze kuxhaswe imali ezinzileyo. uqoqosho blue. Esi sikhokelo sokuzithandela sibonelela abathathi-nxaxheba beemarike ngeendlela ezicacileyo, izenzo, kunye nemizekelo "ye-blue bond" yokuboleka kunye nokukhutshwa. Ukuqokelela igalelo kwiimalike zezemali, ishishini lolwandle kunye namaziko ehlabathi, libonelela ngolwazi kumacandelo aphambili abandakanyekayo ekusungulweni kwe “blue bond” ethembekileyo, indlela yokuvavanya impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yotyalo-mali lwe “blue bond”; kunye namanyathelo afunekayo ukuququzelela iintengiselwano ezigcina imfezeko yemarike.

Spalding, MJ (2021, Disemba 17). Ukulinganisa uTyalo-mali kuQoqosho lwaseLwandle oluZinzileyo. Wilson Centre. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/measuring-sustainable-ocean-economy-investing

Utyalo-mali kuqoqosho lolwandle oluzinzileyo alukho nje ngokuqhuba imbuyekezo ephezulu yohlengahlengiso lomngcipheko, kodwa malunga nokubonelela ngokhuseleko kunye nokubuyiselwa kobutyebi obuluhlaza obungaphathekiyo. Sicebisa iindidi ezisixhenxe ezingundoqo zotyalo-mali oluzinzileyo loqoqosho oluluhlaza, olukumanqanaba ahluka-hlukeneyo kwaye olunokwamkela utyalo-mali lukarhulumente okanye lwabucala, ukuxhaswa kwamatyala, isisa, kunye neminye imithombo yemali. Ezi ndidi zisixhenxe zezi: ukomelela koqoqosho nolwentlalontle elunxwemeni, ukuphuculwa kothutho lwaselwandle, amandla ahlaziyekayo elwandle, utyalo-mali lokutya oluvela elwandle, iteknoloji yolwandle, ukucocwa kolwandle, kunye nezinto ezilindelekileyo kwisizukulwana esilandelayo. Ngaphaya koko, abacebisi botyalo-mali kunye nabanini bee-asethi banokuxhasa utyalo-mali kuqoqosho oluluhlaza, kubandakanya nokubandakanya iinkampani kunye nokuzitsalela ekuziphatheni okungcono, iimveliso kunye neenkonzo.

I-Metroeconomica, i-Ocean Foundation, kunye ne-WRI Mexico. (2021, Januwari 15). UVavanyo loQoqosho lweNdawo zeReef Ecosystems kuMmandla we-MAR kunye neeMpahla kunye neeNkonzo abazinikezelayo, iNgxelo yokuGqibela. IBhanki yoPhuhliso yaseMelika. PDF.

I-Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS okanye i-MAR) yeyona ndawo inkulu ye-ecosystem eMelika kunye neyesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Uphononongo luqwalasele iinkonzo zobonelelo, iinkonzo zenkcubeko, kunye neenkonzo zolawulo ezibonelelwa yi-ecosystems ye-reef kwingingqi ye-MAR, kwaye yafumanisa ukuba ukhenketho kunye nolonwabo lube negalelo le-4,092 yezigidi ze-USD kwiNgingqi yase-Mesoamerican, kunye namashishini okuloba anikele nge-615 yezigidi ze-USD ezongezelelweyo. Izibonelelo zonyaka zokukhusela unxweme zilingana ne-322.83-440.71 yezigidi ze-USD. Le ngxelo sisiphelo seeseshini ezine zokusebenza kwi-intanethi kwiworkshop kaJanuwari 2021 enabazimasi abangaphezu kwe-100 abamele amazwe amane ase-MAR: iMexico, iBelize, iGuatemala, neHonduras. Isishwankathelo esiLawulayo sinokuba fu maneka apha, kwaye i-infographic inokufumaneka ngezantsi:

Voyer, M., van Leeuwen, J. (2019, Agasti). "Ilayisensi yeNtlalo yokuSebenza" kwiBlue Economy. Umgaqo-nkqubo weZibonelelo. (62) 102-113. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://www.sciencedirect.com/

I-Blue Economy njengemodeli yezoqoqosho esekwe elwandle ifuna ukuba kuxoxwe ngendima yelayisenisi yezentlalo ukuba isebenze. Eli nqaku lixoxa ukuba ilayisenisi yezentlalo, ngokuvunywa luluntu lwasekuhlaleni kunye nabachaphazelekayo, ichaphazela inzuzo yeprojekthi ngokunxulumene neBlue Economy.

Ingqungquthela yoQoqosho oluBlue. (2019).Ukubhekisa kuQoqosho oluZinzileyo oluBlue kwiCaribbean. Ingqungquthela yoQoqosho oluBlue, Roatan, eHonduras. IPDF.

Amanyathelo okuqala kulo lonke elaseCaribbean sele eqalisile ukutshintshela kwimveliso ebandakanyayo, enqamlezileyo kunye nezinzileyo kubandakanya ukucwangciswa kweshishini kunye nolawulo. Ingxelo iquka izifundo ezimbini zemigudu eGrenada naseBahamas kunye nezibonelelo zolwazi oluthe kratya ngamaphulo agxininise kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo kwingingqi ye-Wider Caribbean.

Attri, VN (2018 Novemba 27). Amathuba amatsha nasakhulayo oTyalo-mali phantsi koQoqosho oluZinzileyo oluseBlue. IForam yoShishino, iNkomfa yoQoqosho lweBlue oluzinzileyo. eNairobi, eKenya. IPDF.

Ummandla woLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya unikezela ngamathuba otyalo-mali abalulekileyo kuQoqosho oluBusi oluzinzileyo. Utyalo-mali lunokuxhaswa ngokubonisa ikhonkco elisekiweyo phakathi kozinzo lweshishini kunye nokusebenza kwemali. Ezona ziphumo zibalaseleyo zokukhuthaza utyalo-mali oluzinzileyo kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya ziya kuza nokubandakanyeka koorhulumente, icandelo labucala, kunye nemibutho emanyeneyo.

Mwanza, K. (2018, Novemba 26). Uluntu lwase-Afrika olulobayo lujongene “nokuphela” njengoko uQoqosho oluluhlaza lukhula: Iingcali. Thomas Reuters Foundation. Ibuyisiwe kwi: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-africa-oceans-blueeconomy/african-fishing-communities-face-extinction-as-blue-economy-grows-experts-idUSKCN1NV2HI

Kukho umngcipheko wokuba iinkqubo zophuhliso lweBlue Economy zinokujongela bucala uluntu olulobayo xa amazwe ebeka phambili ukhenketho, ushishino lokuloba, kunye nengeniso yokuhlola. Eli nqaku lifutshane libonisa iingxaki zophuhliso olwandisiweyo ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ukuzinza.

I-Caribank. (2018, Meyi 31). Isemina: Ukuxhasa ngemali uQoqosho oluBlue- Ithuba loPhuhliso lweCaribbean. I-Bhanki yokuPhuhlisa iCaribbean. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2O1Nf4duVRU

IBhanki yoPhuhliso lweCaribbean ibambe isemina kwiNtlanganiso yoNyaka ka-2018 malunga “nokuxhasa ngemali uQoqosho oluBlue- Ithuba loPhuhliso lweCaribbean.” Le semina ixoxa ngeendlela zangaphakathi nezamazwe ngamazwe ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa ngemali ishishini, ukuphucula inkqubo yamalinge oqoqosho oluluhlaza, kunye nokuphucula amathuba otyalo-mali ngaphakathi kweBlue Economy.

Sarker, S., Bhuyan, Md., Rahman, M., Md. Islam, Hossain, Md., Basak, S. Islam, M. (2018, Meyi 1). Ukusuka kwiNzululwazi ukuya kwiZenzo: Ukuphonononga aMakhono oQoqosho oluBlue ekuPhumeleni ukuZinza kwezoQoqosho eBangladesh. Ulawulo loLwandle noNxweme. (157) 180-192. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii

I-Bangladesh ivavanywa njengophononongo lwemeko ye-Blue Economy, apho kukho ukubakho okubonakalayo, kodwa eminye imingeni emininzi isekhona, ngakumbi kurhwebo kunye norhwebo olunxulumene nolwandle kunye nonxweme. Ingxelo ifumanisa ukuba ukuKhula okuBlue, eli nqaku lichaza njengomsebenzi wezoqoqosho owandisiweyo elwandle, akufuneki kuncame ukuzinza kokusingqongileyo kwinzuzo yezoqoqosho njengoko kubonwa eBangladesh.

Ukubhengezwa kweMigaqo yeMali yoQoqosho oluZinzileyo. (2018 Januwari 15). IKhomishini yaseYurophu. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ declaration-sustainable-blue-economy-finance-principles_en.pdf

Abameli becandelo leenkonzo zezemali kunye namaqela angenzi nzuzo aquka iKhomishini yaseYurophu, iBhanki yoTyalo-mali yaseYurophu, iWorld Wide Fund yeNdalo, kunye neNkosana yaseWales ye-International Sustainability Unit idale isakhelo seBlue Economy Investment Principles. Imigaqo elishumi elinesine ibandakanya ukungafihli, ukuqonda ngomngcipheko, ukuba nefuthe, kunye nokusekwe kwisayensi xa kuphuhliswa uQoqosho oluBlue. Injongo yabo kukuxhasa uphuhliso kunye nokubonelela ngesikhokelo soqoqosho olusekelwe elwandle oluzinzileyo.

Blue Economy Caribbean. (2018). Amanqaku entshukumo. BEC, Iziganeko zaMandla amatsha. Ifunyenwe kwi: http://newenergyevents.com/bec/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2018/11/BEC_5-Action-Items.pdf

I-infographic ebonisa amanyathelo afunekayo ukuqhubeka nokuphuhlisa uqoqosho oluluhlaza kwiCaribbean. Oku kubandakanya ubunkokeli, ulungelelwaniso, unyuso loluntu, oluqhutywa yimfuno, kunye nokuxabisa.

Blue Economy Caribbean (2018). UQoqosho oluBlue lweCaribbean: Umbono we-OECS. Inkcazo-ntetho. BEC, Iziganeko zaMandla amatsha. Ibuyisiwe kwi: http://newenergyevents.com/blue-economy-caribbean/wp-content/uploads/sites/25/2018/11/BEC_Showcase_OECS.pdf

I-Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) thaca ngeBlue Economy kwiCaribbean kuquka isishwankathelo sokubaluleka kwezoqoqosho kunye nabadlali abakhulu kummandla. Umbono wabo ugxile kwindawo esempilweni netyebileyo yolwandle lweCaribbean ekwiMpuma yeCaribbean elawulwa ngokuzinzileyo ngelixa bephaphile ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lwentlalo noqoqosho kubantu balo mmandla. 

Urhulumente waseAnguilla. (2018) Ukwenza imali kwi-Anguilla ye-200 Mile EFZ Inikwe kwiNkomfa yeCaribbean Blue EconomyeMiami. IPDF.

Ukugubungela ngaphezulu kwe-85,000 sq. km, i-EFZ ye-Anguilla yenye yezona zinkulu kwiCaribbean. Le nkcazo-ntetho inika inkcazo jikelele yokuphunyezwa kolawulo lwelayisenisi yokuloba kude nonxweme kunye nemizekelo yeenzuzo zangaphambili kumazwe aseziqithini. Amanyathelo okudala iphepha-mvume aquka ukuqokelela kunye nokuhlalutya idatha yezokuloba, ukuyila isikhokelo somthetho sokukhupha iilayisensi zangaphandle kolwandle kunye nokubonelela ngohlolo kunye nocupho.

Hansen, E., Holthus, P., Allen, C., Bae, J., Goh, J., Mihailescu, C., kunye noC. Pedregon. (2018). Amaqela oLwandle/eLwandle: ubuNkokheli kunye neNtsebenziswano yoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo lwaseLwandle kunye nokuPhunyezwa kweeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo.. IBhunga loLwandle lweHlabathi. IPDF.

AmaQela oLwandle/eLwandle ziindawo ekugxininiswa kuzo amashishini aselwandle anxulumeneyo abelana ngeemarike ezifanayo kwaye asebenza kufutshane enye kwenye ngothungelwano oluninzi. La maqela angadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqhubeleni phambili uphuhliso oluzinzileyo lolwandle ngokudibanisa izinto ezintsha, ukhuphiswano-imveliso-inzuzo kunye nefuthe lokusingqongileyo.

Humphrey, K. (2018). Blue Economy Barbados, UMphathiswa weMicimbi yaseLwandle kunye neBlue Economy. IPDF.

ISakhelo soQoqosho oluBlue saseBarbados senziwe ziintsika ezintathu: ezothutho kunye nolungiselelo, izindlu kunye nokwamkela iindwendwe, kunye nempilo kunye nesondlo. Injongo yabo kukugcina indalo, ibe yi-100% yamandla avuselelekayo, ukuvala iiplastiki, kunye nokuphucula imigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula ulwandle.

Parsan, N. kunye A. Friday. (2018). UCwangciso oluPhambili lokuKhula okuBlue kwiCaribbean: Uphononongo lwaseGrenada. Umboniso kwiBlue Economy Caribbean. IPDF.

Uqoqosho lwaseGrenada lwatshatyalaliswa yiNkanyamba u-Ivan kwi-2004 kwaye emva koko yaziva iziphumo zeNgxaki yezeMali ekhokelela kwi-40% yezinga lokungasebenzi. Oku kubonise ithuba lokuphuhlisa iBlue Growth ukuze kuhlaziywe uqoqosho. Ukuchonga amaqela alithoba emisebenzi inkqubo yaxhaswa ngezimali yiBhanki yeHlabathi ngenjongo yokuba iSt. George ibe sisixeko sokuqala esilikomkhulu lemozulu-smart. Ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nesicwangciso seBlue Growth Master saseGrenada sinokufunyanwa Apha.

URam, J. (2018) uQoqosho oluBlue: Ithuba loPhuhliso lweCaribbean. IBhanki yoPhuhliso lweCaribbean. IPDF.

UMlawuli wezoQoqosho kwiBhanki yoPhuhliso lweCaribbean enikezelwe kwi-2018 Blue Economy Caribbean ngamathuba abatyali-mali kummandla weCaribbean. Inkcazo-ntetho ibandakanya imifuziselo emitsha yotyalo-mali efana neMali eDityanisiweyo, iBlue Bonds, iZibonelelo eziBuyiselekayo, iTyala lokuTshintshaniswa kweNdalo, kunye nokujongana ngqo notyalo-mali lwabucala kuQoqosho oluBlue.

Klinger, D., Eikeset, AM, Davíðsdóttir, B., Winter, AM, Watson, J. (2017, Oktobha 21). I-Mechanics of Blue Growth: ULawulo loSetyenziso lweMithombo yeNdalo yaseLwandlekazi olunabadlali abaninzi, abaSebenzayo. Umgaqo-nkqubo waseLwandle (87). 356-362.

IBlue Growth ixhomekeke kulawulo oluhlanganisiweyo lwamacandelo amaninzi ezoqoqosho ukuze kusetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo imithombo yendalo yolwandle. Ngenxa yokuguquguquka kolwandle kukho intsebenziswano kwakunye nobutshaba, phakathi kokhenketho kunye nemveliso yamandla ekude nonxweme, naphakathi kweendawo ezahlukeneyo kunye namazwe alwela ubutyebi obunokuphela.

Spalding, MJ (2015 Oktobha 30). Ukujonga kwiiNkcukacha ezincinci. Iblogi malunga nesamithi enomxholo othi "Iilwandle kwiiAkhawunti zeNgeniso yeSizwe: Ukufuna iMvumelwano kwiiNkcazo kunye neMigangatho". Isiseko soLwandle. Ifikeleleke nge-22 kaJulayi, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/looking-at-the-small-details/

Uqoqosho (olutsha) alukho malunga nobuchwepheshe obutsha obuvelayo, kodwa imisebenzi yoqoqosho oluzinzileyo xa luthelekiswa nolungazinzanga. Nangona kunjalo, iikhowudi zokuhlela ishishini azinamahluko wezenzo ezizinzileyo, njengoko kumiselwe yingqungquthela ye-"Oceans National Income Account" e-Asilomar, eCalifornia. UMongameli we-TOF uMark Spalding weposi yeblogi yesigqibo seekhowudi zokuhlela zibonelela ngeemetriki zedatha ezibalulekileyo eziyimfuneko ekuhlalutyeni utshintsho ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokwazisa.

Inkqubo yeSizwe yoQoqosho lwaseLwandle. (2015). Idatha yeMarike. Middlebury Institute of International Studies eMonterey: Centre for the Blue Economy. Ibuyisiwe kwi: http://www.oceaneconomics.org/market/coastal/

IZiko laseMiddlebury leBlue Economy libonelela ngenani lamanani kunye nexabiso lezoqoqosho kumashishini asekelwe kwiintengiselwano zemarike kuLwandle kunye noqoqosho lonxweme. Ukwahlulwe ngonyaka, urhulumente, idolophu, amacandelo oshishino, kunye nemimandla yonxweme kunye nexabiso. Idatha yabo yobuninzi iluncedo kakhulu ekuboniseni impembelelo yolwandle kunye namashishini aselunxwemeni kuqoqosho lwehlabathi.

Spalding, MJ (2015). Ukuzinza koLwandle kunye noLawulo lweZibonelelo zeHlabathi. Ibhlog ekwi "Symposium yeSayensi yoZinzo loLwandle". Isiseko soLwandle. Ifikeleleke nge-22 kaJulayi, 2019. https://oceanfdn.org/blog/ocean-sustainability-and-global-resource-management

Ukusuka kwiiplastiki ukuya kwi-Ocean Acidification abantu banoxanduva lwemeko yangoku yokonakala kwaye abantu kufuneka baqhubeke nokusebenza ukuphucula imeko yolwandle lwehlabathi. Iposti yebhlog kaMongameli we-TOF uMark Spalding ikhuthaza izenzo ezingonakalisiyo, zidale amathuba okubuyiselwa kolwandle, kwaye zithathe uxinzelelo kulwandle njengomthombo okwabelwana ngawo.

IYunithi yezobuNgcali kwezoQoqosho. (2015). UQoqosho oluBlue: Ukukhula, iThuba, kunye noQoqosho loLwandle oluZinzileyo. I-Economist: iphepha elifutshane leNgqungquthela yoLwandle lweHlabathi yowama-2015. Ibuyisiwe kwi: https://www.woi.economist.com/content/uploads/2018/ 04/m1_EIU_The-Blue-Economy_2015.pdf

Iqale yalungiselelwa iNgqungquthela yeHlabathi yoLwandlekazi yowama-2015, iYunithi yezobuNgcali ye-Economist ijonge ukuvela koqoqosho oluluhlaza, ulungelelwaniso loqoqosho nolondolozo, kwaye ekugqibeleni amaqhinga otyalo-mali anokubakho. Eli phepha libonelela ngamagqabantshintshi omsebenzi woqoqosho olusekwe elwandle kwaye libonelela ngeengxoxo ngekamva lomsebenzi wezoqoqosho obandakanya amashishini agxile elwandle.

BenDor, T., Lester, W., Livengood, A., Davis, A. kunye noL. Yonavjak. (2015). Ukuqikelela ubungakanani kunye nempembelelo yoQoqosho lokuBuyiselwa kweNdalo. IThala leLuntu leNzululwazi 10(6): e0128339. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0128339

Uphando lubonisa ukuba ukubuyiselwa kwezinto eziphilayo ekhaya, njengecandelo, kuvelisa malunga ne-9.5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiintengiso ngonyaka kunye nemisebenzi engama-221,000. Ukubuyiselwa kwe-ecological kungabizwa ngokubanzi njengomsebenzi wezoqoqosho onceda ekubuyiseleni i-ecosystem kwisimo sempilo ephuculweyo kunye nokuzalisa imisebenzi. Esi sifundo sophononongo saba sesokuqala ukubonisa iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo ngokweenkcukacha-manani zokubuyiselwa kwemekobume kumgangatho wesizwe.

Kildow, J., Colgan, C., Scorse, J., Johnston, P., kunye noM. Nichols. (2014). Imeko yoLwandle lwase-US noQoqosho lwaseNxwemeni lowama-2014. Iziko le-Blue Economy: i-Middlebury Institute of International Studies e-Monterey: Inkqubo yeSizwe yoQoqosho lwaseLwandle. Ibuyisiwe kwi: http://cbe.miis.edu/noep_publications/1

I-Monterey Institute of International Studies' Centre for the Blue Economy ibonelela ngokujonga nzulu kwimisebenzi yezoqoqosho, amanani abantu, ixabiso lempahla, ixabiso lemithombo yendalo kunye nemveliso, inkcitho karhulumente eUnited States enxulumene nolwandle kunye namashishini aselunxwemeni. Ingxelo ipapasha iitheyibhile ezininzi kunye nohlalutyo olubonelela ngohlalutyo olubanzi lweenkcukacha-manani loqoqosho lolwandle.

UConathan, M. kunye noK. Kroh. (2012 Juni). Iziseko zoQoqosho oluBlue: iCAP Isungula iProjekthi eNtsha yokuKhuthaza aMashishini oLwandle oluZinzileyo. Iziko lenkqubela phambili yaseMelika. Ibuyisiwe kwi: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2012/06/ 27/11794/thefoundations-of-a-blue-economy/

Iziko leNkcubeko yaseMelika livelise amagqabantshintshi ngeprojekthi yabo yoQoqosho oluBlue ejolise kwindibano yendalo esingqongileyo, uqoqosho, kunye namashishini axhomekeke kwaye ahlala kunye nolwandle, unxweme, kunye namachibi amakhulu. Ingxelo yabo igxininisa imfuneko yophando olunzulu lwempembelelo yezoqoqosho kunye namaxabiso ahlala engabonakali kuhlalutyo lwedatha yemveli. Ezi ziquka iinzuzo zoqoqosho ezifuna indawo engqongileyo ecocekileyo nesempilweni yolwandle, njengexabiso lentengiso lepropathi engasemanzini okanye into eluncedo yabathengi ezuzwe ngokuhamba elunxwemeni.

BUYELA Phezulu

4. Ulimo lwasemanzini kunye nezokuLoba

Apha ngezantsi uya kufumana imbono ebanzi malunga ne-aquaculture kunye nokuloba nge-lens ye-Blue Economy ebanzi, uphononongo oluneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu nceda ujonge amaphepha emithombo ye-Ocean Foundation Uzinzo lwamanzi azinzileyo kwaye Izixhobo kunye noBuchule boLawulo lwezokuLoba oluFanelekileyo ngokulandelelana.

Bailey, KM (2018). Izifundo zokuLoba: Ushishino lokuLoba kunye neKamva leeLwandle zethu. IChicago kunye neLondon: IYunivesithi yaseChicago Press.

Abalobi abakhasayo badlala indima enkulu ekuqeshweni kwihlabathi jikelele, babonelela ngesiqingatha ukuya kwisibini kwisithathu sokulotywa kwentlanzi emhlabeni jikelele kodwa babandakanya i-80-90% yabasebenzi beentlanzi kwihlabathi jikelele, isiqingatha sabo singabasetyhini. Kodwa iingxaki azipheli. Njengoko ushishino lukhula kuba nzima kubalobi abakhasayo ukugcina amalungelo okuloba, ngakumbi njengoko iindawo zilotywa ngokugqithisileyo. Esebenzisa amabali obuqu asuka kubalobi kwihlabathi jikelele, u-Bailey uhlomla ngeshishini lokuloba lehlabathi jikelele kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabalobi abakhasayo kunye nokusingqongileyo.

Umbutho woKutya kunye nezoLimo weZizwe eziManyeneyo. (2018). Imeko yeHlabathi yokuLoba kunye nezaseLwandle: Ukuhlangabezana neNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo. ERoma. IPDF.

Ingxelo yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yowama-2018 malunga namashishini okuloba ehlabathi anike iinkcukacha zophando oluqhutywa ziinkcukacha eziyimfuneko ukuze kulawulwe ubutyebi basemanzini kwiBlue Economy. Ingxelo igxininisa imingeni emikhulu equka uzinzo oluqhubekayo, indlela ehlanganisiweyo yamacandelo amaninzi, ukujongana nokhuseleko lwendalo, kunye nokunika ingxelo yeenkcukacha-manani echanekileyo. Ingxelo epheleleyo iyafumaneka Apha.

Allison, EH (2011).  Ulimo lwasemanzini, ukuloba, intlupheko kunye nokhuseleko lokutya. Ugunyaziselwe i-OECD. IPenang: Iziko leWorldFish. IPDF.

Ingxelo yeWorldFish Centre icebisa ukuba imigaqo-nkqubo ezinzileyo kushishino lokuloba kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini zinokubonelela ngeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lokutya kunye namaqondo asezantsi entlupheko kumazwe asakhasayo. Umgaqo-nkqubo weQhinga kufuneka uphunyezwe kunye nezenzo ezizinzileyo ukuze usebenze ixesha elide. Ushishino olusebenzayo lokuloba kunye nezenzo zasemanzini zinceda uluntu oluninzi ukuba nje luhlengahlengiswe ukuba lube kwindawo kunye namazwe. Oku kuxhasa uluvo lokuba izenzo ezizinzileyo zineempembelelo ezinzulu kuqoqosho lulonke kwaye zibonelela ngesikhokelo sophuhliso lokuloba kuQoqosho oluLuhlaza.

Mills, DJ, Westlund, L., de Graaf, G., Kura, Y., Willman, R. kunye noK. Kelleher. (2011). Okungaxelwanga ngokwaneleyo kwaye kungaxatyiswanga: Abalobi abakhasayo kumazwe asakhasayo kwi-R. Pomeroy kunye no-NL u-Andrew (eds.), uLawulo lwezokuLoba eziNcinci: iiNkqubo-sikhokelo kunye neendlela. UK: CABI. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://www.cabi.org/bookshop/book/9781845936075/

Ngokusebenzisa “umfanekiso omfutshane” iMills ijonga imisebenzi yezentlalo noqoqosho lwamashishini okuloba kumazwe asakhasayo. Lilonke, abalobi abakhasayo abaxatyiswanga kwinqanaba likazwelonke ingakumbi ngokuphathelene nefuthe labalobi kukhuseleko lokutya, ukupheliswa kwentlupheko kunye nokubonelela ngempilo, kwakunye nemiba yolawulo lwamashishini okuloba akwinqanaba lasekhaya kumazwe amaninzi asaphuhlayo. Ukuloba lelinye lawona macandelo makhulu kuqoqosho lwaselwandle kwaye olu phononongo luphelele lusebenza ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluyinyani noluzinzileyo.

BUYELA Phezulu

5. UKhenketho, Iinqanawa zokuhamba ngeenqanawa, kunye nokuLoba ngokuzonwabisa

UConathan, M. (2011). Iintlanzi ngolweziHlanu: Iimiliyoni ezilishumi elinesibini emanzini. Iziko lenkqubela phambili yaseMelika. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/news/2011/ 07/01/9922/fishon-fridays-twelve-million-lines-in-the-water/

Iziko leNkcubeko yaseMelika liphonononga ukufunyaniswa kokuba ukuloba ngenjongo yokuzonwabisa, okubandakanya abantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-12 ngonyaka, kusongela iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi ngamanani angafaniyo xa kuthelekiswa nokulobela urhwebo. Esona senzo silungileyo sokunciphisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nokuloba ngokugqithisileyo kubandakanya ukulandela imithetho yeelayisenisi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokubambisa ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokukhululwa. Uhlalutyo lweli nqaku lwezona ndlela zisebenzayo zinceda ukukhuthaza ulawulo oluzinzileyo lweBlue Economy.

Zappino, V. (2005 Juni). UKhenketho lweCaribbean kunye noPhuhliso: Isishwankathelo [Ingxelo yokugqibela]. IPhepha leNgxoxo No. 65. Iziko laseYurophu loLawulo loMgaqo-nkqubo woPhuhliso. Ibuyisiwe kwi: http://ecdpm.org/wpcontent/uploads/2013/11/DP-65-Caribbean-Tourism-Industry-Development-2005.pdf

Ukhenketho kwiCaribbean lelinye lawona mashishini abalulekileyo kulo mmandla, atsala izigidi zabakhenkethi minyaka le ngeendawo ekuchithelwa kuzo iiholide nanjengendawo yokuhamba ngenqanawa. Kuphononongo lwezoqoqosho oluhambelana nophuhliso kwi-Blue Economy, i-Zappino ijonga impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezokhenketho kwaye ihlalutya amaphulo okhenketho oluzinzileyo kummandla. Ucebisa ukuphunyezwa ngakumbi kwezikhokelo zengingqi zezenzo ezizinzileyo ezinceda uluntu lwasekhaya oluyimfuneko kuphuhliso lweBlue Economy.

BUYELA Phezulu

6. Itekhnoloji kuQoqosho oluBlue

ISebe lezaMandla lase-US. (2018 April). Ukunika amandla iNgxelo yoQoqosho oluBlue. ISebe lezaMandla lase-US, i-Ofisi yokuSebenza ngokuSebenza kwamandla kunye nokuVuselelwa kwamandla. https://www.energy.gov/eere/water/downloads/powering-blue-economy-report

Ngohlalutyo olukwinqanaba eliphezulu lamathuba emarike anokubakho, iSebe lezaMandla lase-US lijonga amandla obuchule obutsha kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho kumandla olwandle. Ingxelo ijonge kumandla kumashishini angaphesheya nonxweme oluquka amandla okususwa kwetyuwa emanzini, ukomelela konxweme kunye nokubuyiswa kweentlekele, i-offshore aquaculture, kunye neenkqubo zamandla kuluntu oluqeleleneyo. Ulwazi olongezelelweyo ngezihloko zamandla aselwandle kubandakanywa ubulembu baselwandle, ukukhupha ityuwa, ukomelela elunxwemeni kunye neenkqubo zamandla ezikwanti zinokufunyanwa. Apha.

UMichel, K. kunye noP. Noble. (2008). Inkqubela phambili yezobuGcisa kwezoThutho zaseLwandle. Ibhulorho 38:2, 33-40 .

UMichel kunye noNoble baxoxa ngenkqubela phambili yobugcisa kwizinto ezintsha eziphambili kwishishini lokuthengisa ngenqanawa. Ababhali bagxininisa imfuneko yezenzo ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo. Imimandla emikhulu yeengxoxo kwinqaku ibandakanya izenzo zangoku zoshishino, ukuyila kweenqanawa, ukuhamba, kunye nokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kobuchwepheshe obuvelayo. Ukuthumela ngenqanawa kunye norhwebo ngowona mqhubi mkhulu wokukhula kolwandle kunye nokuqonda uthutho lolwandle kubalulekile ekufezekiseni uQoqosho oluLuhlaza oluzinzileyo.

BUYELA Phezulu

7. Ukukhula okuBlue

Soma, K., van den Burg, S., Hoefnagel, E., Stuiver, M., van der Heide, M. (2018 January). Utshintsho lweNtlalo- iNdlela yekamva lokuKhula okuBlue? Umgaqo-nkqubo waseLwandle. Vol 87: iphe. 363- iphe. 370. Ifunyenwe ku: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/

Ukukhula okuluhlaza okucwangcisiweyo njengoko kucetywa yiManyano yaseYurophu kujonge ukutsala itekhnoloji entsha kunye neengcinga ezinefuthe eliphantsi kokusingqongileyo, ngelixa kuthathelwa ingqalelo intsebenziswano yentlalo eyimfuneko kwizenzo ezizinzileyo. Kwimeko yophononongo lwe-aquaculture e-Dutch North Sea abaphandi bachonge izenzo ezinokuzuza kwizinto ezintsha ngelixa zikwaqwalasela izimo-ngqondo, ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano, kunye neziphumo zexesha elide eziphononongwayo kokusingqongileyo. Ngelixa imingeni emininzi isekhona, kubandakanywa ukuthengwa kubavelisi basekhaya, inqaku ligxininisa ukubaluleka kwenkalo yentlalo kuqoqosho oluluhlaza.

Lillebø, AI, Pita, C., Garcia Rodrigues, J., Ramos, S., Villasante, S. (2017, Julayi) Iinkonzo ze-Ecosystem ye-Marine zingaxhasa njani i-Agenda ye-Blue Growth? Umgaqo-nkqubo waseLwandle (81) 132-142. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0308597X16308107?via%3Dihub

I-Ajenda ye-European Union's Blue Growth Agenda ijonge kubonelelo ngeenkonzo zaselwandle ingakumbi kwimimandla yasemanzini, iteknoloji yebhayoloji eblowu, amandla aluhlaza kunye nobonelelo olubonakalayo lokumbiwa kwezimbiwa zaselwandle kunye nokhenketho zonke. La macandelo onke axhomekeke kwintlalo-ntle yaselwandle naselunxwemeni enokufumaneka kuphela ngolawulo nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kweenkonzo zokusingqongileyo. Ababhali baxela ukuba amathuba okuKhula okuBlue afuna ukuhamba ngokurhweba phakathi kwezoqoqosho, ezentlalo, kunye nokulinganiselwa kokusingqongileyo, nangona uphuhliso luya kuzuza kwimithetho eyongezelelweyo yokulawula.

Virdin, J. kunye noPatil, P. (eds.). (2016). Ukusingise kuQoqosho oluBlue: Isithembiso sokuKhula okuZinzileyo kwiCaribbean. IBhanki yehlabathi. Ibuyisiwe kwi: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/25061/Demystifying0t0the0Caribbean0Region.pdf

Yenzelwe abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo kwingingqi yeCaribbean, le ncwadana isebenza njengenkcazo ebanzi yombono weBlue Economy. Amazwe kunye nemimandla yeCaribbean idityaniswe ngaphakathi kwimithombo yendalo yoLwandle lweCaribbean kwaye ukuqonda kunye nokulinganisa iimpembelelo zoqoqosho zibalulekile kuhlumo oluzinzileyo okanye olulinganayo. Ingxelo isebenza njengenyathelo lokuqala lokuvavanya amandla okwenene olwandle njengendawo yoqoqosho kunye nenjini yokukhula, ngelixa ikwacebisa imigaqo-nkqubo yokulawula ngcono ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kolwandle nolwandle.

World Wildlife Fund. (2015, ngo-Epreli 22). Ukuvuselela uQoqosho lwaseLwandle. IMveliso yaMazwe ngaMazwe yeWWF. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://www.worldwildlife.org/publications/reviving-the-oceans-economy-the-case-for-action-2015

Ulwandle lunegalelo elikhulu kuqoqosho lwehlabathi kwaye kufuneka kuthatyathwe amanyathelo okuqinisa ulondolozo olusebenzayo lweendawo zokuhlala eziselunxwemeni naselwandle kuwo onke amazwe. Le ngxelo iqaqambisa izenzo ezisibhozo eziquka, imfuneko yokwamkela iinjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo, ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kokukhutshwa kwe-asidi yolwandle, ukulawula ngokufanelekileyo ubuncinane i-10 ekhulwini lemimandla yaselwandle kwilizwe ngalinye, ukuqonda ukukhuselwa kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nolawulo lwamashishini okuloba, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zamazwe ngamazwe zokulungisa i-asidi yolwandle. uthethathethwano kunye nentsebenziswano, ukuphuhlisa intsebenziswano phakathi kukawonke-wonke namashishini abucala aqwalasela impilo-ntle yoluntu, aphuhlise i-accounting ecacileyo kunye neyoluntu malunga neenzuzo zolwandle, kwaye ekugqibeleni udale iqonga lamazwe ngamazwe lokuxhasa kunye nokwabelana ngolwazi lolwandle olusekelwe kwidatha. Xa zidibene ezi zenzo zinokuvuselela uqoqosho lwaselwandle kwaye zikhokelele ekubuyiselweni kolwandle.

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8. URhulumente weSizwe kunye neNtshukumo yoMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe

IQonga loQoqosho lwaseAfrika oluBlue. (Juni 2019). IQonga leNgcaciso yeQonga loQoqosho lwaseAfrika. Blue Jay Communication Ltd., London. IPDF.

IFomu yesibini ye-African Blue Economy igxile kwimicelimngeni kunye namathuba okukhula koqoqosho lwaselwandle lwase-Afrika, ubudlelwane phakathi kwamashishini emveli nalawo asakhulayo, kunye nokukhuthaza uzinzo ngophuhliso loqoqosho olujikelezayo. Inqaku eliphambili ekuye kwaqwalaselwa ngalo lizinga eliphezulu lokungcoliseka kolwandle. Uninzi lweziqalo ezintsha sele ziqalisile ukulungisa umba wongcoliseko lolwandle, kodwa ezi zihlala zingenamali yokunyusa amashishini.

UMqulu weBlue Blue. (2019). Blue Economy. Ibuyisiwe kwi: https://thecommonwealth.org/blue-economy.

Kukho unxulumano olusondeleleneyo phakathi kolwandle, utshintsho lwemozulu, kunye nempilo entle yabantu bombutho oqhelekileyo okwenza kucace ukuba kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo. Imodeli yoQoqosho oluluhlaza ijolise ekuphuculeni impilo-ntle yabantu kunye nokulingana kwezentlalo, ngelixa inciphisa kakhulu imingcipheko yokusingqongileyo kunye nokunqongophala kwendalo. Eli phepha lewebhu liqaqambisa injongo yeBlue Charter yokunceda amazwe aphuhlise indlela ehlangeneyo yokwakha uqoqosho oluluhlaza.

IKomiti yobuGcisa yeNkomfa yoQoqosho oluZinzileyo. (2018, ngoDisemba). Ingxelo yokugqibela yeNkomfa yoQoqosho oluZinzileyo. eNairobi, eKenya ngoNovemba 26-28, 2018. IPDF.

INkomfa yeHlabathi yoQoqosho oluQhelekileyo oluHlaziyo, eyayibanjelwe eNairobi, eKenya, igxile kuphuhliso oluzinzileyo oluquka ulwandle, ulwandle, amachibi, nemilambo ngokwe-Ajenda yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yowama-2030. Abathathi-nxaxheba basuka kwiintloko zamazwe kunye nabameli bemibutho yamazwe ngamazwe ukuya kwicandelo lezoshishino kunye neenkokheli zoluntu, ezinikezela ngophando kunye neeforamu. Isiphumo senkomfa yaba kukudalwa kweSitetimenti saseNairobi seNjongo yokuPhuhlisa uQoqosho oluZinzileyo oluseBlue.

IBhanki yehlabathi. (2018, Oktobha 29). Ukukhutshwa kwe-Sovereign Blue Bond: Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo. Iqela leBhanki yehlabathi. Ifunyenwe kwi:  https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2018/10/29/ sovereign-blue-bond-issuance-frequently-asked-questions

I-Blue Bond lityala elikhutshwe ngoorhulumente kunye neebhanki zophuhliso ukuze kunyuswe inkunzi kubatyali-zimali abanempembelelo ukuxhasa ngemali iiprojekthi zaselwandle kunye nezaselwandle ezinenzuzo entle yokusingqongileyo, ezoqoqosho kunye nemozulu. IRiphabhlikhi yaseSeychelles yaba yeyokuqala ukukhupha iBlue Bond, baseka iNgxowa-mali yeBlue Grants yezigidi ezi-3 zeedola kunye ne-12 yezigidi zeerandi zoTyalo-mali lweBlue ukukhuthaza ushishino lokuloba oluzinzileyo.

IQonga lezoQoqosho oluBlue eAfrika. (2018). INgxelo yokuGqibela yowama-2018 yeQonga loQoqosho lwase-Afrika. Blue Jay Communication Ltd., ELondon. IPDF.

Iforam eseLondon yadibanisa iingcaphephe zamazwe ngamazwe kunye namagosa karhulumente ukuze abethelele iindlela ezahlukeneyo zamazwe ase-Afrika amaqhinga oQoqosho oluLuhlaza ngokomxholo we-Ajenda yowama-2063 yeManyano ye-Afrika kunye neeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo (ii-SDGs). Imixholo yeengxoxo ibibandakanya ukuloba okungekho mthethweni nokungekho mthethweni, ukhuseleko lwaselwandle, ulawulo lolwandle, amandla, urhwebo, ukhenketho kunye nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Iforamu yaphela ngokuhlaba ikhwelo lokuba kuthathwe amanyathelo okuphumeza izenzo ezisebenzayo ezizinzileyo.

IKhomishini yaseYurophu (2018). Ingxelo yezoQoqosho yoNyaka ka-2018 kwi-EU Blue Economy. IMicimbi yaseLwandle yaseYurobhu kunye nezokuLoba. Ibuyisiwe kwi: https://ec.europa.eu/maritimeaffairs/sites/maritimeaffairs/files/ 2018-annual-economic-report-on-blue-economy_en.pdf

Ingxelo yonyaka inika inkcazo eneenkcukacha yobungakanani kunye nomda woqoqosho oluluhlaza malunga neManyano yaseYurophu. Injongo yale ngxelo kukuchonga nokusebenzisa amandla olwandle, unxweme nolwandle lwaseYurophu ukuze kukhule uqoqosho. Le ngxelo ibandakanya iingxoxo zempembelelo ethe ngqo yentlalo-qoqosho, amacandelo akutshanje nasakhulayo, imizekelo yophando evela kumazwe angamalungu e-EU malunga nomsebenzi woqoqosho oluluhlaza.

Vreÿ, uFrancois. (2017 Meyi 28). Amazwe ase-Afrika anokusebenzisa njani amandla amakhulu olwandle lwawo. Incoko. Ibuyisiwe kwi: http://theconversation.com/how-african-countries-can-harness-the-huge-potential-of-their-oceans-77889.

Ulawulo kunye nemiba yokhuseleko iyimfuneko kwiingxoxo zoQoqosho oluLuhlu ngamazwe ase-Afrika ukuze kuzuzwe inzuzo eyomeleleyo kwezoqoqosho. Ulwaphulo-mthetho olufana nokuloba okungekho mthethweni, ubuqhetseba elwandle, nokukhuthuza kuxhotyiwe, ukuthutyeleziswa, kunye nokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngokungekho mthethweni kwenza ukuba amazwe angakwazi ukuqonda amandla olwandle, amanxweme kunye nolwandlekazi. Ukuphendula, amanyathelo amaninzi aphuhlisiwe kuquka intsebenziswano eyongezelelweyo kwimida yelizwe kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba imithetho yelizwe iyanyanzeliswa kwaye ihambelana nesivumelwano seZizwe eziManyeneyo malunga nokhuseleko lolwandle.

IQela leBhanki yeHlabathi kunye neSebe le-UN lezoQoqosho neNtlalo. (2017). Ukubanakho koQoqosho oluLuhlaza: Ukwandiswa kweeNzuzo zeXesha elide zoSetyenziso oluZinzileyo lweMithombo yaseLwandle kuMazwe aPhuhlayo eZiqithi eziNcinane kunye naMazwe angaManxweme angaPhuhliswanga kangako. IBhanki yeHlabathi yoLwakhiwo noPhuhliso, iBhanki yeHlabathi. Ibuyisiwe kwi:  https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/ 10986/26843/115545.pdf

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziya kuqoqosho oluluhlaza zonke zixhomekeke kwizinto eziphambili zengingqi nezesizwe. Oku kuphononongwa ngesishwankathelo seBhanki yeHlabathi yabaqhubi bezoqoqosho kwiBlue Economy kwingxelo yabo kumazwe angaselunxwemeni angaphuhliswanga kangako kunye namazwe aphuhlayo kwiziqithi ezincinci.

Amazwe adbeneyo. (2016). UQoqosho oluBlue lwaseAfrika: INcwadana yoMgaqo-nkqubo. IKhomishini yezoQoqosho ye-Afrika. Ifunyenwe kwi: https://www.uneca.org/sites/default/files/PublicationFiles/blue-eco-policy-handbook_eng_1nov.pdf

Amashumi amathathu anesibhozo kumashumi amahlanu anesine amazwe aseAfrika akunxweme okanye iziqithi kwaye ngaphezulu kwe 90 pesenti yempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kunye nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweAfrika kuqhutywa ngolwandle okubangela ukuba ilizwekazi lithembele kakhulu elwandle. Le ncwadana yomgaqo-nkqubo ithatha indlela yokuxhasa ukuqinisekisa ulawulo oluzinzileyo kunye nolondolozo lwemithombo yobutyebi yasemanzini naselwandle ethathela ingqalelo izoyikiso ezifana nokuba sesichengeni kwemozulu, ukungakhuseleki elwandle, kunye nokungonelanga ukufikelela kwimithombo yokwabelana. Eli phepha libonisa izifundo ezininzi ezibonisa amanyathelo akhoyo ngoku athatyathiweyo ngamazwe aseAfrika ukukhuthaza uphuhliso loqoqosho oluluhlaza. Le ncwadana ikwaquka isikhokelo senyathelo nenyathelo lophuhliso lomgaqo-nkqubo weBlue Economy, obandakanya ukusekwa kwe-ajenda, ulungelelwaniso, ukwakha ubunini besizwe, ukubeka phambili icandelo, ukuyilwa komgaqo-nkqubo, ukuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokubeka iliso kunye novavanyo.

Neumann, C. kunye noT. Bryan. (2015). Ingaba iiNkonzo ze-Ecosystem ye-Marine Ecosystem zixhasa njani iiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo? KuLwandle nakuthi – Indlela esempilweni ngayo indalo yaselwandle ikuxhasa ukufezekiswa kweNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo ze-UN. Ihlelwe nguChristian Neumann, uLinwood Pendleton, uAnne Kaup noJane Glavan. Amazwe adbeneyo. Iphepha 14-27. IPDF.

Iinkonzo zenkqubo yendalo yaselwandle zixhasa uninzi lweeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo (SDGs) ukusuka kwiziseko ezingundoqo kunye neendawo zokuhlala ukuya ekupheliseni intlupheko kunye nokunciphisa ukungalingani. Ngohlalutyo olukhatshwa yimifanekiso eqingqiweyo ababhali baxoxa ukuba ulwandle luyimfuneko ekuboneleleni ngoluntu kwaye kufuneka lube ngundoqo xa kusetyenzwa kwiiNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo ze-UN. Ukuzibophelela kwamazwe amaninzi kwii-SDGs kuye kwaba ngamandla okuqhubela phambili kuQoqosho oluBlue nophuhliso oluzinzileyo kwihlabathi liphela.

Cicin-Sain, B. (2015 April). Injongo ye-14-Ukulondoloza nokuSebenzisa ngokuZinzileyo iiLwandle, iiLwandle kunye neMithombo yaseLwandle ukwenzela uPhuhliso oluZinzileyo. UN Chronicle, Umqulu. LI (No.4). Ifunyenwe kwi: http://unchronicle.un.org/article/goal-14-conserve-and-sustainably-useoceans-seas-and-marine-resources-sustainable/

Injongo ye-14 yeeNjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo zeZizwe eziManyeneyo (i-UN SDGs) igxininisa imfuneko yokugcinwa kolwandle kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuzinzileyo kobutyebi baselwandle. Eyona nkxaso ibukhali yolawulo lolwandle iphuma kumazwe asaphuhlayo esiqithi esincinci kunye namazwe angaphuhlileyo achatshazelwa kakubi kukungakhathali kolwandle. Iinkqubo ezijongana neNjongo ye-14 nazo zisebenza ukuhlangabezana nezinye iinjongo ezisixhenxe ze-SDG ezibandakanya intlupheko, ukhuseleko lokutya, amandla, ukukhula koqoqosho, iziseko zophuhliso, ukunciphisa ukungalingani, izixeko kunye nokuhlaliswa kwabantu, ukusetyenziswa okuzinzileyo kunye nemveliso, ukutshintsha kwemozulu, i-biodiversity, kunye neendlela zokuphunyezwa. kunye nentsebenziswano.

Isiseko soLwandle. (2014). Isishwankathelo esivela kwingxoxo engqukuva ngeBlue Growth (iblogi ekwitafile engqukuva kwiNdlu yaseSweden). Isiseko soLwandle. Ifunyenwe ngoJulayi 22, 2016. https://oceanfdn.org/summary-from-the-roundtable-discussion-on-blue-growth/

Ukulungelelanisa impilo-ntle yoluntu kunye neshishini ukudala ukukhula kokubuyisela kunye neenkcukacha eziphathekayo kubalulekile ukuqhubela phambili noKhulo oluBlue. Eli phepha lisisishwankathelo seentlanganiso ezininzi kunye neenkomfa malunga nemeko yolwandlekazi lwehlabathi ezibanjwe ngurhulumente waseSweden ngentsebenziswano neThe Ocean Foundation.

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