Ukubhengeza iBoyd Lyon Scholar yowama-2024

Rhoqo ngonyaka, iBoyd Lyon Sea Turtle Fund ibamba isifundi somfundi webhayoloji yaselwandle ophando lwakhe lugxile kumafudo olwandle. Ophumeleleyo kulo nyaka nguJaime Restrepo.

Funda isishwankathelo sakhe sophando ngezantsi:

imvelaphi

Ufudo lwaselwandle luhlala kwindawo eyahlukileyo ubomi babo bonke; bahlala kwiindawo ezichaziweyo zokufumana ukutya kwaye bafudukele isiqingatha sonyaka ukuya kumanxweme ahlala elwandle xa sele besebenza ngokuzala (Shimada et al. 2020). Ukuchongwa kweendawo zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswa ngoofudo baselwandle kunye noqhagamshelo phakathi kwazo ngundoqo ekubekeni phambili ukhuseleko lweendawo ezifunekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ziyazalisekisa iindima zazo zendalo (Troëng et al. Ngo-2005, ikofu et al. 2020). Iintlobo ezifudukayo kakhulu ezifana neefudo zaselwandle, zixhomekeke kwiindawo eziphambili ukuze zikhule. Ngaloo ndlela, amaqhinga olondolozo okukhusela ezi ntlobo zezilwanyana aya kuba nempumelelo kuphela njengelona khonkco libuthathaka ukunqumla indlela yokufuduka. I-Satellite telemetry iququzelele ukuqondwa kwe-ikholoji yendawo kunye nokuziphatha okufudukayo kweemfudo zaselwandle kwaye yanika ingqiqo kwibhayoloji yabo, ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yokuhlala kunye nolondolozo (Wallace et al. 2010). Kwixesha elidlulileyo, ukulandelela iifudo ezizalelayo kuye kwakhanyisa iipaseji ezifudukayo kwaye kwanceda ukufumana iindawo zokutya (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Ngaphandle kwexabiso elikhulu kwi-satellite telemetry yokufunda intshukumo yeentlobo, enye intsilelo enkulu lixabiso eliphezulu lee-transmitter, ezihlala zikhokelela kubungakanani besampulu ezilinganiselweyo. Ukuphelisa lo mngeni, uhlalutyo lwe-isotope oluzinzile (SIA) lwezinto eziqhelekileyo ezifunyenwe kwindalo ibe sisixhobo esiluncedo sokuchonga iindawo ezidityaniswe nokuhamba kwezilwanyana kwiindawo zaselwandle. Iintshukumo ezifudukayo zinokulandelelwa ngokusekwe kwimithamo yendawo kumaxabiso e-isotopu abavelisi abaphambili (Vander Zanden et al. 2015). Ukusasazwa kwee-isotopes kwi-organic and inorganic matters kunokuxelwa kwangaphambili kuchaza iimeko zokusingqongileyo kuwo wonke ama-spatial and temporal scales, kudala i-isotopic landscapes okanye isoscapes. Ezi ziphawuli ze-biochemical zibangelwa yimekobume ngokudluliselwa kwetrophic, ngoko ke zonke izilwanyana ezingaphakathi kwendawo ethile zibhalwa ngaphandle kokuba zifakwe kwaye zifakwe kwithegi (McMahon et al. 2013). Ezi mpawu zenza ubuchule be-SIA busebenze ngakumbi kwaye busebenze kakuhle, buvumela ukufikelela kubungakanani besampulu enkulu, kunye nokwandisa ukumelwa kwabantu abaphononongwayo. Ngoko ke, ukuqhuba i-SIA ngokuthatha iisampulu zofudo oluzalelayo kunokunika ithuba lokuvavanya ukusetyenziswa kobutyebi kwiindawo ezifuna ukutya phambi kwexesha lokuzala (Witteveen 2009). Ngaphaya koko, uthelekiso loqikelelo lwe-isoscape olusekwe kwi-SIA kwiisampulu eziqokelelwe kwindawo yonke yophononongo, kunye nedatha yoqwalaselo efunyenwe kwizifundo zangaphambili zokuthatha kwakhona amanqaku kunye nesathelayithi yetelemetry, ingasetyenziselwa ukumisela uqhagamshelwano lwesithuba kwi-biogeochemical, kunye neenkqubo ze-ikholoji. Le ndlela ke ngoko ifaneleke kakuhle kuphononongo lweentlobo ezinokuthi zingafumaneki kubaphandi kangangexesha elibalulekileyo lobomi babo (McMahon et al. 2013). Ipaki yeSizwe yaseTortuguero (TNP), kunxweme olukumantla eCaribbean eCosta Rica, lolona lwandle lulunxweme lolwandle lweefudo zolwandle eziluhlaza kuLwandle lweCaribbean (Seminoff et al. 2015; Restrepo et al. 2023). Idatha yokubuyiswa kwethegi evela kwi-recaptures yamazwe ngamazwe ichonge iipateni zokusasazwa kwangemva kokuzalisa abantu kulo lonke elaseCosta Rica, kunye namanye amazwe ali-19 kulo mmandla (iTroëng et al. 2005). Ngokwembali, imisebenzi yophando eTortuguero ibigxile kumantla eekhilomitha ezisibhozo elunxwemeni (uCarr et al. 1978). Phakathi kowama-2000 no-2002, ufudo olunethegi yesathelayithi ezilishumi olukhutshiweyo kweli candelo lonxweme lwaya emantla ukuya kumabala okutya asuka eNicaragua, eHonduras, naseBelize (Troëng et al. 2005). Nangona, ulwazi lokubuya kwe-flipper-tag lubonelele ngobungqina obucacileyo babasetyhini abahamba ngeendlela ezide zokufuduka, ezinye iindlela azikabonwa ekuhambeni kweefudo ezinethegi yesathelayithi (Troëng et al. 2005). Ugqaliselo lwejografi oluziikhilomitha ezisibhozo kuphononongo lwangaphambili lusenokuba lutyekele kumlinganiselo ozalanayo weendlela zokufuduka eziqatshelweyo, zigqithisa ukubaluleka kweendlela zokufuduka ezisemantla kunye neendawo zokutya. Injongo yolu phononongo kukuvavanya uqhakamshelwano lokufuduka kwabantu bofudo oluluhlaza lwaseTortuguero, ngokuvavanya ixabiso lekhabhoni (δ 13C) kunye nenitrogen (δ 15N) yesotopic yeendawo zokuhlala ezibeka ukutya kulwandle lweCaribbean.

Iziphumo ezilindelekileyo

Enkosi kwiinzame zethu zesampulu sele siqokelele ngaphezulu kwe-800 yeesampulu zethishu kwiifudo eziluhlaza. Uninzi lwazo luvela eTortuguero, kunye nesampulu eqokelelweyo kwiindawo zokutya eziya kugqitywa unyaka wonke. Ngokusekelwe kwi-SIA ukusuka kwiisampuli eziqokelelwe kulo lonke ummandla, siya kuvelisa imodeli ye-isoscape yeefudo eziluhlaza kwiCaribbean, ebonisa iindawo ezahlukileyo zamaxabiso e-δ13C kunye ne-δ15N kwiindawo zokuhlala zengca yolwandle (McMahon et al. 2013; Vander Zanden et al. 2015) . Le modeli iya kuthi ke isetyenziswe ukuvavanya iindawo ezihambelanayo zofudo oluluhlaza oluzalela eTortuguero, ngokusekwe kwiSIA yabo.