Ukuxhobisa ooSonzululwazi noluntu
Indlela iSiseko soLwandle olwakha ngayo uLwandle kunye noBume beMozulu kwiHlabathi liphela
Ehlabathini lonke, ulwandle lutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Kwaye njengoko itshintsha, ubomi baselwandle kunye noluntu oluxhomekeke kuyo kufuneka luxhotyiswe ngezixhobo zokuziqhelanisa.
Umthamo wenzululwazi yolwandle yasekhaya uyafuneka ukwenza unciphiso olusebenzayo. Yethu Inyathelo loBulungisa kwiNzululwazi yoLwandle ixhasa izazinzulu, abenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kunye noluntu ngokubeka iliso kunye nokuhlalutya utshintsho lolwandle, ukusebenzisana namaqabane, kunye nokunceda ukuwisa umthetho. Sisebenzela ukuqhubela phambili umgaqo-nkqubo wehlabathi kunye nezicwangciso zophando kunye nokwandisa ukufikelela kwizixhobo ezivumela izazinzulu ukuba ziqonde kwaye ziphendule.
Sizama ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilizwe ngalinye linesicwangciso esomeleleyo sokubeka iliso kunye nokuthomalalisa, esiqhutywa ziingcali zalapha ekhaya ukujongana neemfuno zasekhaya. Inyathelo lethu yindlela esincedisa ngayo ekwakheni inzululwazi, umgaqo-nkqubo kunye namandla obuchule ochwephesha kwihlabathi liphela nakumazwe abo.
GOA-ON kwiBhokisi
The GOA-ON kwiBhokisi yikiti enexabiso eliphantsi esetyenziselwa ukuqokelela imilinganiselo yobumuncu bolwandle ekumgangatho wemozulu. Ezi zixhobo ziye zasasazwa kwizazinzulu kumazwe alishumi elinesithandathu eAfrika, kwiPacific Small Island Developing States, nakwiLatin America.
pCO2 ukuya
Ulwandle luyatshintsha, kodwa oko kuthetha ntoni kwiintlobo ezilubiza ngokuba likhaya? Kwaye ngokulandelayo, sisabela njani kwezo mpembelelo siya kuziva ngenxa yoko? Kumba we-asidi yolwandle, iimbatyisi ziye zaba zombini i-canary kumgodi wamalahle kunye nenkuthazo yokuqhuba uphuhliso lwezixhobo ezitsha zokusinceda ukuba siqulathe olu tshintsho.
Ngo-2009, abavelisi beembatyisi kunxweme olusentshona e-US banamava iziqhamo ezinkulu zokufa ekuqanduselelweni kwabo nakwinzala yendalo.
Uluntu olusakhulayo lophando lwe-asidi yolwandle lwathatha eli tyala. Ngokuqwalasela ngenyameko, bafumanisa ukuba oonokrwece abancinci banobunzima ukwenza amaqokobhe abo okuqala emanzini olwandle ngaselunxwemeni. Ukongeza kwi-acidification eqhubekayo phezu kolwandle lomhlaba jikelele, unxweme olusentshona lwase-US - kunye nokunyuka kwamanzi aphantsi kwe-pH kunye ne-acidification yendawo ebangelwa zizondlo ezigqithisileyo - ngumhlaba we-zero weyona asidi ibalulekileyo emhlabeni.
Ukusabela kwesi sisongelo, ezinye iindawo zokuqandusela iintsholongwane ziye zafudukela kwiindawo ezilungele ngakumbi okanye zafakela iinkqubo zangoku zokujonga imichiza yamanzi.
Kodwa kwimimandla emininzi kwihlabathi jikelele, iifama zeeshellfish ezibonelela ngokutya kunye nemisebenzi azikwazi ukufikelela kwizixhobo eziyimfuneko zokulwa nemiphumo ye-acidification yolwandle kwishishini labo.
Faka umngeni ovela kwiGosa leNkqubo u-Alexis Valauri-Orton ukuya kuGqr Burke Hales, i-chemical oceanographer eyaziwayo kwihlabathi jikelele ngokudala iinkqubo zokubeka iliso ze-OA: yakha i-sensor ephantsi, ebanjwe ngesandla eya kuvumela i-hatcheries ukuba ilinganise i-chemistry yezinto zabo ezingenayo. amanzi olwandle kwaye uwalungelelanise ukwenza iimeko ezilunge ngakumbi. Apho kwazalwa i pCO2 Ukuya, inkqubo yoluvo olungena entendeni yesandla kwaye ibonelela ngokufunda ngoko nangoko ubungakanani bekharbon diokside enyibilikisiweyo emanzini olwandle (pCO2).
Umfanekiso: UGqr Burke Hales usebenzisa i pCO2 Ukuya kumeta ubungakanani bekharbon diokside enyibilikisiweyo kwisampulu yamanzi olwandle aqokelelwe kunxweme olusecaleni kweResurrection Bay, AK. Iintlobo zenkcubeko ezibalulekileyo kunye nezorhwebo-ezinje nge- littleneck clams zihlala kule ndawo, kunye noyilo oluphathwa ngesandla lwe pCO2 i-To Go ivumela ukuba ihambe isuka kwindawo yokuqandusela iye ethafeni ukuze ijonge ukuba zeziphi na iintlobo zezityalo ezifunyanwa kwindawo yazo yendalo.
Ngokungafaniyo nabanye abenzi boluvo abaphathwa ngesandla, njengeemitha ze-pH, i pCO2 ukuHamba kuvelisa iziphumo ngokuchaneka okufunekayo ukulinganisa utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwimichiza yolwandle. Ngeminye imilinganiselo embalwa ekulula ukuyiphumeza, abafuyi abaqanduselayo banokufunda ukuba ishellfish yabo eselula bahlangabezana nayo ngeli xesha kwaye bathabathe inyathelo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Enye indlela uonokrwece abancinane abanokunceda ngayo ukuba baphile ngaphaya kwawona manqanaba okuqala asemngciphekweni “kukuvalela” amanzi abo olwandle.
Oku kuchasene neasidi yolwandle kwaye kwenza ukuba kube lula ukuba amaqokobhe akheke. Izisombululo ze-buffering zenziwe nge-recipe ekulula ukuyilandela esebenzisa ixabiso elincinci le-sodium carbonate (i-soda ash), i-sodium bicarbonate (ikhompawundi esebenzayo kwiipilisi ze-Alka-Seltzer), kunye ne-hydrochloric acid. Ezi reagents ziyaqhekeka zibe ion esele zininzi emanzini olwandle. Ke, isisombululo sebuffering asongezi nantoni na engeyondalo.
usebenzisa pCO2 Ukuya kunye nesicelo sesoftware yelabhoratri, abasebenzi kwindawo yokuqandusela bangabala ubungakanani besisombululo sokuthintela ukongeza kwiitanki zabo. Ngaloo ndlela, ngokungabizi kakhulu ukudala iimeko ezingaphezulu-ezilungileyo ezizinzileyo de amanzi atshintshe. Le ndlela iye yasetyenziswa zezinye iindawo zokuqandusela ezinkulu ezathi zaqala ukubona iziphumo zokuncipha kwe-pH kwimibungu yazo. I pCO2 to Go kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kuya kubonelela iindawo zokuqandusela ezingenazibonelelo ezincinci ithuba elifanayo lokukhulisa izilwanyana zabo ngempumelelo kwixesha elizayo. Inkqubo yokuthintela iitanki, kunye nemiyalelo yamatyala ahlukeneyo osetyenziso lwale sensor entsha, ibandakanyiwe kwincwadana ekhapha pCO2 ukuhamba.
Iqabane elibalulekileyo kulo msebenzi li I-Alutiiq Pride Marine Institute (APMI) eSeward, eAlaska.
I-APMI iququzelela inkqubo yesampulu ye-acidification yolwandle kwaye ilinganise iisampulu eziqokelelwe kwiiLali zoMthonyama ngaphesheya komzantsi weAlaska kwisixhobo sekhemistri setafile esibiza kakhulu esibizwa ngokuba yiBurke-o-Lator. Esebenzisa la mava, umphathi welebhu uJacqueline Ramsay ukhokele iimvavanyo zesivamvo kunye ne-app ehambelanayo, kuquka ukuthelekisa amaxabiso esampulu kunye neBurke-o-Lator ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukungaqiniseki kokufunda okufunyenwe pCO2 ukuHamba kungaphakathi koluhlu olufunekayo.
Umfanekiso: UJacqueline Ramsay, umphathi we-Alutiiq Pride Marine Institute's Ocean Acidification Research Laboratory, usebenzisa i-pCO2 Ukuyokumeta ubungakanani bekharbon dayokhsayidi kwisampulu yamanzi aqokelelwe kwisixokelelwano samanzi olwandle sendawo yokuqandusela. UJacqueline ungumsebenzisi onamava weBurke-o-Lator, isixhobo esichaneke kakhulu kodwa sixabisa kakhulu ukulinganisa ikhemistri yolwandle, kwaye unike ingxelo kwangethuba malunga nokusebenza kwe-pCO.2 UkuHamba kuyo yomibini imbono yomsebenzi woqandusela kunye nomphandi wekhemistri yolwandle.
Izicwangciso ze-TOF zokusebenzisa i pCO2 Ukuya kwiindawo zokuqandusela kwihlabathi jikelele, ukubonelela ngendlela engabiziyo kumashishini oonokrwece abasesichengeni ukuba baqhubeke nokuvelisa oonokrwece abancinci nangona kukho iasidi eqhubekayo. Lo mzamo yinguqu yendalo ye-GOA-ON yethu kwi-Kit Kit - omnye umzekelo wokuhambisa umgangatho ophezulu, izixhobo zexabiso eliphantsi ukwenzela ukuba amaqabane ethu aqonde kwaye aphendule kwi-acidification yolwandle.
