INkanyamba uIsaac kunye neXabiso leMigxobhozo eseluNxwemeni

nguMark J. Spalding, uMongameli we-Ocean Foundation

UHelen Wood Park eAlabama Ukulandela iNkanyamba uIsaac (8/30/2012)
 

Ngexesha lenkanyamba yetropikhi, kungokwemvelo ukuba ingxoxo malunga nobungozi obunokubakho eluntwini ilawule amajelo eendaba, izibhengezo ezisemthethweni, kunye neendawo zokuhlangana zabahlali. Abo bethu basebenza kulondolozo lolwandle bacinga ngelahleko yezixhobo zokuloba kunye namasimi amatsha enkunkuma emva kokugaleleka kwesaqhwithi kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni. Sinexhala malunga nokuhlanjwa kwentlenga, zinetyhefunempahla yokwakha ephuma emhlabeni naselwandle, igquma iibhedi ezivelisa iimbatyisi; ingca yaselwandle amadlelo, kunye neendawo ezimanzi. Sicinga ngendlela imvula egqithileyo enokuthi ikhukulise ngayo inkqubo yokucocwa kwelindle, izise imingcipheko yempilo kwiintlanzi nakubantu ngokufanayo. Sikhangela iimathi zetela, ioli, nezinye izinto ezintsha ezingcolisa umoya ezinokukhukulisa imigxobhozo eselunxwemeni, elunxwemeni nakwiibhayi zethu.

Siyathemba ukuba intshukumo ethile yamaza oqhwithela inceda ukukhupha amanzi, izise ioksijini kwezo ndawo sizibiza ngokuba ziindawo ezifileyo. Sinethemba lokuba iziseko zophuhliso lwemimandla engaselunxwemeni—iinqanawa, iindlela, izakhiwo, iilori nayo yonke enye into—ziya kuhlala zinjalo yaye zikhuselekile elunxwemeni. Kwaye sidibanisa amanqaku eendaba malunga nefuthe lesiphango kumanzi ethu onxweme kunye nezilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezizibanga njengekhaya.

Emva kweNkanyamba yeTropical Hector kunye neCyclone Ileana eLoreto, eMexico kwinyanga ephelileyo kunye neNkanyamba uIsaac kwiCaribbean nakwiGulf of Mexico, izantyalantyala zemvula zabangela ukuphuphuma kwamanzi amdaka. E-Loreto, abantu abaninzi bagula ngenxa yokutya ukutya kwaselwandle okungcolisekileyo. Kwi-Mobile, e-Alabama, iilitha ezingama-800,000 zamanzi amdaka achithelwa emanzini, ekhokelela amagosa asekuhlaleni ukuba akhuphe izilumkiso zezempilo kuluntu oluchaphazelekayo. Amagosa asahlola iindawo ezisesichengeni ukufumana ezinye iimpawu zongcoliseko, zombini iimpembelelo ezilindelekileyo zekhemikhali kunye nepetroleum. Njengoko iSeafood News ibike kule veki, "Ekugqibeleni, iimvavanyo ziqinisekisile ukuba iNkanyamba uIsaac ngokwenene yahlamba iiglobhu zeoyile yeBP, eshiyekileyo ekuchithekeni kuka-2010, kwiilwandle zaseAlabama naseLouisiana. Amagosa ayelindele ukuba oku kuya kwenzeka kunye nabasebenzi abasele besebenza ukucoca ioyile. Ngapha koko, iingcali ziye zakhawuleza ukubonisa ukuba inani leoli eveziweyo 'bubusuku nemini' xa kuthelekiswa no-2010.

Emva koko kukho iindleko zokucoca onokuthi ungacingi. Umzekelo, ukuqokelela kunye nokulahlwa kweetoni zezidumbu zezilwanyana. Ekuvukeni kweNkanyamba uIsaac ephindaphinda uqhwithela, kuqikelelwa ukuba i-15,000 ye-nutria ihlanjwe kunxweme lwaseHancock County, Mississippi. Kummandla okufutshane weHarrison County, abasebenzi abasemthethweni babesuse ngaphezu kweetoni ezili-16 zezilwanyana, kuquka i-nutria, kumanxweme ayo kwiintsuku zokuqala emva kokuba uIsake ebethe unxweme. Izilwanyana ezirhaxwayo-kuquka iintlanzi kunye nezinye izidalwa zaselwandle-aziqhelekanga emva kokuza kwesiphango okanye izandyondyo zemvula ezinkulu-kwaye unxweme lwaseLake Pontchartrain lwalugcwele izidumbu ze-nutria, i-feral hogs kunye ne-alligator, ngokwengxelo yeendaba. Ngokucacileyo, ezi zidumbu zimele iindleko ezongezelelweyo kuluntu olunqwenela ukuphinda luvulele ukhenketho lwaselunxwemeni emva kwesaqhwithi. Kwaye, kunokwenzeka ukuba kukho abo baqhwabela izandla ukulahleka kwe-nutria-intlobo eziphumelele ngokumangalisayo ezihlaselayo ezivelisa ngokulula kwaye rhoqo, kwaye zingabangela ingozi enkulu.

Njengengxelo evela kwinkqubo yeeNkonzo zeZilwanyana ze-USDA yeNkonzo yokuHlola iMpilo yeZilwanyana kunye neZityalo ithi¹, "I-nutria, i-rodent enkulu ye-semi-aquatic, yaziswa ekuqaleni e-United States ngo-1889 ngenxa yoboya bayo. Yathi yakuwohloka [loo marike] ngeminyaka yee-1940, amawakawaka e-nutria aye akhutshelwa endle ngabafuyi ababengasenakukwazi ukuzithenga…IiNutria zixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe eGulf Coast, kodwa zibangela iingxaki nakwamanye amazwe akumzantsi-mpuma nakunxweme lweAtlantiki. unxweme…i-nutria itshabalalisa iindonga zemisele, amachibi, kunye neminye imithombo yamanzi. Okona kubalulekileyo, nangona kunjalo, ngumonakalo osisigxina onokwenziwa yi-nutria kumagxobhozo kunye neminye imigxobhozo.

Kwezi ndawo, i-nutria itya izityalo zemveli ezibambe umhlaba omanzi kunye. Ukutshatyalaliswa kolu tyani kuyenza ilahleke ngakumbi imigxobhozo eselunxwemeni eye yakhuthazwa kukunyuka kwamaqondo olwandle.”
Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi sinokubiza ukutshona kwamawaka e-nutria umgca wesilivere weentlobo zemigxobhozo eyanciphayo eyadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iGulf kwaye inokuphinda incede. Kwananjengoko amahlakani ethu kunye nabancedisi bethu abakwi-Gulf babetsala nzima ngenxa yezikhukula, ukuphulukana nombane, kunye neminye imiba emva kweNkanyamba uIsaac, zazikho neendaba ezimnandi.

Indima ebalulekileyo yemigxobhozo yamkelwa kwihlabathi jikelele phantsi kweNgqungquthela ye-Ramsar, apho owayesakuba yi-TOF intern, u-Luke Elder kutshanje upapashe kwibhlog ye-TOF. I-TOF ixhasa ukulondolozwa kwemigxobhozo kunye nokubuyiselwa kwiindawo ezininzi. Omnye wabo useAlabama.

Abanye benu banokukhumbula iingxelo zangaphambili malunga neprojekthi yomanyano ye-TOF ebanjwe i-100-1000 kwi-Mobile Bay. Injongo yale projekthi kukuseka kwakhona iimayile ezili-100 ze-oyster reef kunye ne-1000 yeehektare zonxweme oluselunxwemeni lwe-Mobile Bay. Inzame kwindawo nganye iqala ngokusekwa kwe oyster reef kumgama nje weemitha ezimbalwa ukusuka emhlabeni kwindoda eyenziwe isubstrate. Njengoko intlenga isakha emva kolwalwa, ingca enomgxobhozo iphinda imisele umhlaba wayo oyimbali, inceda ukuhluza amanzi, ithomalalise umonakalo wesiphango, kunye nokuhluza amanzi aphuma emhlabeni esiya eBhayi. Ezo ndawo zikwasebenza njengenkulisa ebalulekileyo yeentlanzi eziselula, i-shrimp kunye nezinye izidalwa.

Eyokuqala yeeprojekthi zokuphumeza injongo ye-100-1000 yenzeke eHelen Woods Memorial Park, kufutshane nebhulorho eya kwiSiqithi saseDauphin kwiMobile Bay. Okokuqala kwakukho usuku olukhulu lokucoca apho ndajoyina amavolontiya asebenza nzima avela kwi-Mobile Baykeeper, i-Alabama Coastal Foundation, i-National Wildlife Federation, i-Nature Conservancy kunye neminye imibutho ekukhupheni amatayara, inkunkuma, kunye nolunye udoti. Okona kutyalwayo kwenzeka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kamva xa amanzi eshushu. Iingca zomgxobhozo zeprojekthi zizalise kakuhle. Kuyachulumancisa ukubona ukuba ungenelelo oluncinci lomntu (kunye nokucoca emva kwethu) lunokuxhasa njani ukubuyiselwa kwendalo kwiindawo ezinembali enomgxobhozo.

Unokuyithelekelela indlela esasizilindele ngolangazelelo ngayo iingxelo eziphathelele lo msebenzi emva kwezikhukula nezaqhwithi ezabangelwa yiNkanyamba uIsake. Iindaba ezimbi? Iziseko zoncedo ezenziwe ngabantu zale paki ziya kufuna ukulungiswa okumandla. Iindaba ezilungileyo? Iindawo ezitsha zomgxobhozo zikhuselekile kwaye ziyawenza umsebenzi wazo. Kuyaqinisekisa ukwazi ukuba xa injongo ye-100-1000 ifezekisiwe, uluntu kunye nolunye uluntu lwaseMobile Bay luya kuxhamla kwiindawo ezintsha ze-marshlands-zombini ngexesha lenkanyamba kunye nonyaka wonke.

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