"Ayiyiyo iNzululwazi kaBawo": U-Alanna Mitchell kunye nam sincokola ngamandla eThiyetha kunye noLwandle olutshintshayo

“Ukuba yonke into esemhlabeni ibinokufa ngomso, yonke into eselwandle ibinokulunga. Kodwa ukuba yonke into eselwandle ibinokufa, yonke into esemhlabeni ingafa nayo.”

ALANNA MITCHELL | IBHASO LENTATHELI YEZESAYENSI YASECanada

UAlanna Mitchell umi kwiqonga elincinane elimnyama, kumbindi wesangqa esimhlophe esitsalwe ngetshokhwe esimalunga neemitha ezili-14 ububanzi. Emva kwakhe, ibhodi eneqokobhe elikhulu lolwandle, itshokhwe, kunye nento yokucima. Ngasekhohlo kwakhe, kukho itafile eneglasi ehlala ingqayi yeviniga kunye neglasi enye yamanzi. 

Ndibukele ndithe cwaka kunye namanye amalungu abaphulaphuli, singqengqe esitulweni kwi-Kennedy Centre's REACH plaza. Umboniso wabo we-COAL + ICE, umboniso wemifanekiso ebhaliweyo obonisa impembelelo enzulu yokutshintsha kwemozulu, uvula iqonga kwaye wongeza umaleko wokoyikeka kumdlalo womfazi omnye. Kwesinye iscreen seprojektha, kugquma umlilo kwibala elivulekileyo. Esinye isikrini sibonisa ukutshatyalaliswa okucothayo nokuqinisekileyo kwe-ice caps e-Antarctica. Kwaye embindini wayo yonke into, u-Alanna Mitchell umi aze abalise ibali lendlela awafumanisa ngayo ukuba ulwandle lunotshintsho lwento yonke ephilayo emhlabeni.

“Andingomdlali weqonga,” uMitchell wavuma kum kwiiyure nje ezintandathu ngaphambili, phakathi kokujonga isandi. Sime phambi kwesinye sezikrini zomboniso. Ukubamba kukaNkanyamba u-Irma eSaint Martin ngo-2017 kumsinga kwilophu esemva kwethu, enemithi yesundu engcangcazela ngumoya kunye neemoto zibhukuqa phantsi kwezandyondyo zemvula. Kukwahluke kakhulu kwisimilo esizolileyo sikaMitchell kunye nethemba.

Enyanisweni, uMitchell's Ukugula koLwandle: Ulwandlekazi lweHlabathi lukwiNgxaki kwakungafanelanga ukuba ibe ngumdlalo. UMitchell waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengentatheli. Uyise wayengusosayensi, ebhala amathafa aseCanada kwaye efundisa izifundo zaseDarwin. Ngokwemvelo, uMitchell wathabatheka yindlela iinkqubo zesijikelezi-langa sethu ezisebenza ngayo.

"Ndaqala ukubhala ngomhlaba kunye nomoya, kodwa ndandilibele malunga nolwandle." UMitchell uyacacisa. “Ndandingazi ngokwaneleyo ukuqonda ukuba ulwandle yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kuyo yonke le nkqubo. Ke xa ndiyibhaqile, ndisandula ukusungula lonke olu hambo lweminyaka lokuphanda noososayensi malunga nokuba kwenzeke ntoni elwandle. 

Oku kufunyenweyo kwakhokelela uMitchell ukuba abhale incwadi yakhe Ukugula koLwandle ngo 2010, malunga chemistry etshintshiweyo yolwandle. Ngelixa wayekukhenketho exoxa ngophando lwakhe kunye nothando lwakhe emva kwencwadi, wabalekela kuMlawuli woBugcisa UFranco Boni. “Kwaye uthe, uyazi, 'Ndicinga ukuba singayijika loo nto ibe ngumdlalo.'”. 

Ngo-2014, ngoncedo lwe Iziko leThiyetha, esekelwe eToronto, kunye nabalawuli abahlangeneyo uFranco Boni kunye URavi Jain, Ukugula koLwandle, umdlalo, wasungulwa. Kwaye ngoMatshi 22, 2022, emva kweminyaka yokukhenketha, Ukugula koLwandle yenza umboniso wayo wokuqala eMelika Kennedy Centre eWashington, DC. 

Njengoko ndimi noMitchell kwaye ndivumela ilizwi lakhe elipholileyo lihlambe phezu kwam - nangona inkanyamba kwisikrini somboniso emva kwethu - ndicinga ngamandla emidlalo yeqonga ukufaka ithemba, nangamaxesha esiphithiphithi. 

“Yindlela yobugcisa obusondelelene kakhulu kwaye ndiyayithanda incoko eyivulayo, enye ingathethwa, phakathi kwam nabaphulaphuli,” utshilo uMitchell. "Ndiyakholelwa kumandla obugcisa okutshintsha iintliziyo neengqondo, kwaye ndicinga ukuba umdlalo wam unika abantu umxholo wokuqonda. Ndicinga ukuba inokunceda abantu ukuba bathande umhlaba. ”

Kwi-REACH plaza, uMitchell usikhumbuza ukuba ulwandle yeyona nkqubo yethu iphambili yokuxhasa ubomi. Xa i-chemistry esisiseko yolwandle iguquka, oko kuyingozi kubo bonke ubomi emhlabeni. Ujikela ebhodini yakhe njengoko ingoma kaBob Dylan ethi “The Times They Are A-Changin’” ivakala ngasemva. Ubhala uthotho lwamanani kumacandelo amathathu ukusuka ekunene ukuya ekhohlo, aze abhale “Ixesha,” “iCarbon,” kunye “nepH”. Ekuboneni kokuqala, amanani anzima kakhulu. Kodwa njengoko uMitchell ejika ukuze achaze, inyani iyakhathaza ngakumbi. 

“Kwiminyaka nje engama-272, siye satyhalela phambili kwimichiza yenkqubo yokuxhasa ubomi yesi sijikelezi-langa saya kwiindawo ebesingekabikho kuzo kangangamashumi ezigidi zeminyaka. Namhlanje, sinecarbon dioxide eninzi kwiatmosfera kunokuba besinayo ubuncinane iminyaka ezizigidi ezingama-23… Kwaye namhlanje, ulwandle luneasidi ngakumbi kunokuba belunjalo kwiminyaka ezizigidi ezingama-65.” 

“Yinyani eyoyikisayo leyo,” ndikhankanya uMitchell ngexesha lokujonga isandi, kanye kanye ngendlela uMitchell afuna ukuba abaphulaphuli bakhe basabele ngayo. Ukhumbula efunda i ingxelo yokuqala enkulu kwi-acidification yolwandle, eyakhutshwa yiRoyal Society yaseLondon ngo-2005. 

“Yayimangalisa kakhulu. Akukho mntu wayeyazi ngale nto,” uMitchell uyanqumama aze ancume kancinci. Abantu bebengathethi ngayo. Bendisuka kwenye inqanawa yophando ndiye kwenye, kwaye ezi zizazinzulu ezibalaseleyo, kwaye bendinokuthi, 'Yile nto ndigqiba kuyifumanisa' kwaye bebenokuthi '...Ngokwenene?'”

Njengoko uMitchell ebeka, izazinzulu bezingazihlanganisi zonke iinkalo zophando lolwandle. Kunoko, bafunda iinxalenye ezincinane zenkqubo yolwandle. Babengekayazi indlela yokudibanisa la malungu kwiatmosfera yethu yehlabathi. 

Namhlanje, inzululwazi ye-acidification yolwandle yinxalenye enkulu kakhulu yeengxoxo zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokuqulunqwa komcimbi wekhabhoni. Kwaye ngokungafaniyo neminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo, izazinzulu ngoku zifunda ngezidalwa ezikwi-ikhosistim yazo yendalo kwaye zinxibelelanisa ezi zinto zifunyenweyo kwinto eyenzekayo kumakhulu ezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo-ukufumana iintsingiselo kunye nokuqalisa amanqaku okuphela kobunzima bangaphambili. 

Yintoni embi? “Ndicinga ukuba siya siqonda ukuba ifestile incinci kangakanani na ukwenza umahluko kwaye ivumele ubomi njengoko sisazi ukuba buqhubeke,” uyacacisa uMitchell. Ukhankanya oku kumdlalo wakhe, “Asiyonzululwazi katata le. Ngemihla kabawo, izazinzulu zazithatha umsebenzi wonke ukujonga isilwanyana esinye, ukufumanisa ukuba zingaphi iintsana ezinazo, zitya ntoni, zichitha njani ubusika. Beku… ngokuzolileyo. ”

Yintoni ke esinokuyenza? 

“Ithemba yinkqubo. Asiyondawo yokugqibela.”

UALANNA MITCHELL

"Ndiyathanda ukucaphula isazinzulu ngemozulu kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia, igama lakhe nguKate Marvel," uMitchell uyanqumama umzuzwana ukuze akhumbule. “Enye yezinto azithethileyo malunga nomjikelo wamva nje weengxelo ezivela kwi-Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change kukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukubamba izimvo ezimbini entlokweni yakho ngaxeshanye. Enye yeyokuba kungakanani ekufuneka kwenziwe. Kodwa enye yindlela esele sihambe ngayo, kakade. Kwaye yile nto ndize kuyo. Kum, ithemba yinkqubo. Asiyondawo yokugqibela.”

Kuyo yonke imbali yobomi kwiplanethi, eli lixesha elingaqhelekanga. Kodwa ngokukaMitchell, oku kuthetha ukuba sikwinqanaba eligqibeleleyo lokuzivelela komntu, apho “sinomngeni omangalisayo kwaye sifumana indlela yokuwujonga.”

“Ndifuna abantu bazi eyona nto isesichengeni kunye nento esiyenzayo. Kuba ndicinga ukuba abantu bayalibala ngaloo nto. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba awukapheli umdlalo. Sisenalo ixesha lokwenza izinto zibe ngcono, ukuba sikhetha ukwenza njalo. Kulapho ithiyetha kunye nobugcisa bungena khona: ndiyakholelwa ukuba yimpembelelo yenkcubeko eya kusikhokelela apho kufuneka siye khona. "

Njengesiseko soluntu, i-Ocean Foundation iyazi kuqala imiceli mngeni yokwazisa uluntu malunga nemiba eyongameleyo yehlabathi ngelixa ibonelela ngezisombululo zethemba. Ubugcisa budlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuguquleleni isayensi kubaphulaphuli abanokuthi bafunde malunga nomcimbi okokuqala, kwaye iSea Sick yenza kanye loo nto. I-TOF inebhongo ngokusebenza njengeqabane lokuphelisa ikhabhoni kunye neZiko leThiyetha ukuxhasa ulondolozo lwendawo yokuhlala nokubuyiselwa konxweme.

Ngolwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokuGula koLwandle, cofa Apha. Funda okungakumbi ngo-Alanna Mitchell Apha.
Ukufumana ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nePhulo le-International Ocean Acidification Initiative yeThe Ocean Foundation, cofa Apha.