Uluntu lwethu loFudo lwaseLwandle

Phawula Spalding

Kwiminyaka ethile emva koko, ndandikwinkomfa ekude lee kumntla weMalaysia kude kufuphi nomda waseThailand. Enye yeembalasane kolo hambo yayilutyelelo lwethu lwasebusuku kwi-Ma'Daerah Turtle Sanctuary apho ukukhululwa kweeTurtles zoLwandle oluHlaza kwakusenzeka. Kwakumnandi ukufumana ithuba lokudibana nabantu abazinikele ekukhuseleni iifudo kunye neendawo ezixhomekeke kuzo. Ndibe nethamsanqa lokundwendwela iindawo ezizalela ufudo lwaselwandle kumazwe amaninzi awohlukeneyo. Ndiye ndazibonela xa kufika iimazi zize zomba iindlwane zazo zize zibeke amaqanda azo, nokuqanduselwa kwamafudo olwandle amancinane, anobunzima obungaphantsi kwesiqingatha seponti. Ndimangalisiwe kuhambo lwabo oluzimiseleyo ukuya elunxwemeni lwamanzi, ukutyhutyha amaza olwandle, ukuya kutsho kulwandle oluvulekileyo. Abayeki ukumangaliswa.

U-Epreli yinyanga esibhiyozela ngayo amafudo olwandle apha e-The Ocean Foundation. Kukho iindidi ezisixhenxe zofudo lwaselwandle, olunye lwazo lufumaneka eOstreliya kuphela. Ezinye ezintandathu zizulazula kulwandlekazi lwehlabathi kwaye zonke zijongwa njengengozi phantsi koMthetho wase-US. Oofudo baselwandle nabo bakhuselwe kumazwe ngamazwe phantsi kweNkomfa yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ngeZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni wokuTshabalala weZilo zasendle okanye iCITES. IISITHI sisivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe esineminyaka engamashumi amane ubudala esatyikitywa ngamazwe ali-176 ukulawula urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwezilwanyana nezityalo. Kufudo lwaselwandle, kubaluleke kakhulu kuba imida yelizwe ayithethi lukhulu kwiindlela zabo zokufuduka. Kuphela yintsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe enokubakhusela. Zonke iindidi ezintandathu zofudo lwaselwandle olufudukela kumazwe ngamazwe zidweliswe kwi-CITES iSihlomelo soku-1, esibonelela ngelona zinga liphezulu lokhuseleko kurhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe lweentlobo zezilwanyana ezisesichengeni.

Ufudo lwaselwandle ngokuqinisekileyo lunobungangamsha ngokwalo-abaqhubi beenqanawa abanoxolo kulwandle lwethu lwehlabathi, behla kumafudo olwandle awavela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi ezili-100 eyadlulayo. Bakwayi-bellwether yendlela ubudlelwane bomntu nolwandle obudlala ngayo-kwaye iingxelo zivela kwihlabathi jikelele ukuba kufuneka senze ngakumbi nangcono.

Ibizwa ngokuba nentloko yayo emxinwa kunye nomlomo obukhali, ofana neentaka, i-hawksbill inokufikelela kwiintanda kunye nemingxuma ye-coral reefs ifuna ukutya. Ukutya kwabo kukhethekileyo, bondla phantse kuphela izipontshi. Ibizwa ngokuba nentloko yayo emxinwa kunye nomlomo obukhali, ofana neentaka, i-hawksbill inokufikelela kwiintanda kunye nemingxuma ye-coral reefs ifuna ukutya. Ukutya kwabo kukhethekileyo, bondla phantse kuphela izipontshi. Iilwandle ezishiyekileyo zokuzalela apho iifudo zaselwandle ezizimazi zibuyela khona ngokuphindaphindiweyo kubomi bawo ziyanyamalala ngenxa yokunyuka kwamanzi, ukongeza kwilahleko ekhoyo evela elunxwemeni ngenxa yophuhliso. Ukongezelela, ubushushu beendlwane ezigrunjwe kwezo lwandle bumisela ubuni bamantshontsho ofudo. Amaqondo obushushu obushushu afudumeza isanti kwezo lwandle, nto leyo ethetha ukuba amabhinqa amaninzi aqanduselwayo kunamadoda. Njengoko abadobi batsala iminatha yabo, okanye iintambo ezinde zitsala amagwegwe abo abongiswe kumgama oziikhilomitha ezininzi zokuloba, amaxesha amaninzi kuye kubekho ufudo lwaselwandle olubanjwe ngempazamo (luze lurhaxwe) kunye neentlanzi ekujoliswe kuzo. Iindaba zolu hlobo lwamandulo azisoloko zilungile, kodwa kukho ithemba.

Njengoko ndibhala, i-34th yonyaka ye-symposium yofudo lwaselwandle iyaqhubeka eNew Orleans. Eyaziwa ngokusesikweni njenge ISimpoziyam yoNyaka ngeBhayoloji yoFudo lwaseLwandle kunye noLondolozo, ibanjwa minyaka le yi-International Sea Turtle Society (ISTS). Ukusuka kwihlabathi liphela, kwiinkalo zonke kunye neenkcubeko, abathathi-nxaxheba bayahlangana ukuze babelane ngolwazi kwaye bahlangane malunga nomdla kunye nenjongo efanayo: ulondolozo lwamafudo olwandle kunye nokusingqongileyo.

I-Ocean Foundation inebhongo ngokuxhasa lo msitho wokwakha uluntu, kwaye iyazingca ngamalungu oluntu lwethu anegalelo lobuchule babo kule ndibano. I-Ocean Foundation ilikhaya kwiiprojekthi ezili-9 ezigxile kwiimfudo zaselwandle kwaye zixhase ezinye ezininzi ngokwenza izibonelelo. Ngezantsi imizekelo embalwa yeeprojekthi zethu zofudo lwaselwandle. Ukujonga zonke iiprojekthi zethu, nceda ucofe apha.

I-CMRC: Ufudo lolwandle luhlobo lwenkxalabo ekhethekileyo phantsi kweprojekthi yoPhando lwaseLwandle lwaseCuba kunye noLondolozo olugxile kakhulu kule projekthi kukuqhuba uhlolo olubanzi lwaselunxwemeni lweendawo zokuhlala zaselwandle kumanzi ommandla waseCuba.

ICAPO: I-Eastern Pacific Hawksbill Initiative (ICAPO) yasekwa ngokusesikweni ngoJulayi 2008 ukukhuthaza ukufunyanwa kweehawksbill turtles kwimpuma yePasifiki.

ProCaguama: IProyecto Caguama (i-Operation Loggerhead) isebenzisana ngokuthe ngqo nabalobi ukuqinisekisa ukuphila koluntu olulobayo kunye noofudo baselwandle ngokufanayo. Ukuloba ngentlanzi kungabeka emngciphekweni ubomi babalobi kunye neentlobo ezisengozini yokuphela ezifana nofudo lweloggerhead. Ukufuya indlwane ngokukodwa eJapan, eli nani lehlile ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokubanjiswa kakhulu.

IProjekthi yokubambisa uFudo lwaseLwandle: I-Sea Turtle Bycatch ijongana nemiba enxulumene neempembelelo zokuloba kwi-ikhosistim yolwandle ngokuchonga iindawo ezifumaneka kuzo iifudo zaselwandle ezithathwe ngempazamo (ezibanjiswe ngengozi) kushishino lokuloba kwihlabathi jikelele, ngakumbi ezo zikufutshane ne-USA.

KHANGELA ooFudo: KHANGELA iiTurtles zidibanisa abahambi kunye namavolontiya kwiindawo ze-turtle hotspots kunye nabaqhubi bezokhenketho abanoxanduva. INgxowa-mali yethu yoFudo lwaseLwandle ibonelela ngenkxaso-mali kwimibutho esebenzela ukukhusela iilwandle ezizalela iilwandle, ukukhuthaza izixhobo zokuloba ezikhuselekileyo, nokunciphisa izoyikiso kumafudo olwandle kwihlabathi liphela.

Ukuzimanya noluntu lolondolozo lwamafudo olwandle, unganikela kwiNgxowa-mali yethu yoLondolozo lweeFudo zaseLwandle. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi, nceda ucofe apha.

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Iintlobo zeeFudo zoLwandle

Ufudo oluluhlaza-Ufudo oluluhlaza lolona lukhulu kwiifudo ezinoqweqwe oluqinileyo (ezinobunzima obungaphezu kweekhilogram ezingama-300 kunye neemitha ezi-3 ububanzi. Abona bantu babini baninzi abazalelayo bafumaneka kunxweme lweCaribbean eCosta Rica, apho iimazi ezingama-22,500 zihlala ngexesha lonyaka ngokwesilinganiso nakwiSiqithi saseRaine, kwi-Great Barrier Reef e-Australia, apho iimazi ze-18,000 zihlala kwindlwane ngexesha lonyaka ngokwe-avareji.. E-US, ii-turtles eziluhlaza zidla ngokuyinhloko kunxweme olusembindini nasempuma-mpuma yeFlorida apho kuqikelelwa ukuba i-200-1,100 yeemazi zihlala ngonyaka.

Hawksbill—IiHawksbill ngamalungu amancinane osapho lofudo lwaselwandle. Ngokuqhelekileyo zidibene nempilo ye-coral reefs-ikhusi kwimiqolomba encinci, izondla kwiintlobo ezithile zeeponji. Iimfudo zeHawksbill ziyi-circumtropical, zidla ngokuvela kwi-30 ° N ukuya kwi-30 ° S isibanzi kwi-Atlantiki, iPasifiki, kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya kunye namaqula amanzi anxulumeneyo.

Kemp's rilley-Olu ufudo lufikelela kwi-100 leeponti ukuya kuthi ga kwi-intshi ezingama-28 ukunqumla, kwaye lufumaneka kulo lonke elaseGulf of Mexico nakunxweme lwaseMpuma lwase-US. Uninzi lwendlwane lwenzeka kwiphondo laseTamaulipas, eMexico. I-Nesting iye yabonwa eTexas, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha eCarolinas naseFlorida.

Ngasemva—Sesinye sezona zirhubuluzi zikhulu ehlabathini, iLeatherback inokufikelela kwitoni yobunzima kunye neemitha ezingaphezulu kwesithandathu ububanzi. Njengoko kuxoxwe ngayo kwi-LINK yeblogi yangaphambili, i-leatherback inokunyamezela uluhlu olubanzi lwamaqondo okushisa kunezinye iintlobo. Iilwandle zayo zokuhlala zifumaneka eNtshona Afrika, emantla eMzantsi Melika, nakwiindawo ezimbalwa e-US

Loggerhead—Zithiywe ngeentloko zazo ezinkulu, ezixhasa imihlathi enamandla, ziyakwazi ukuzondla ixhoba elinamaqokobhe aqinileyo, njengeebhokhwe kunye ne-conch. Zifumaneka kulo lonke elaseCaribbean nakwamanye amanzi aselunxwemeni.

Umnquma ridley-Olona fudo lwaselwandle luninzi, mhlawumbi ngenxa yosasazo olubanzi, luphantse lulingane nobukhulu be-Kemp's ridley. Ii-olive rilleys zisasazwe kwihlabathi jikelele kwimimandla eshushu yoMzantsi we-Atlantiki, iPasifiki, kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. KuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki eMazantsi, zifumaneka kunxweme lweAtlantiki eNtshona Afrika naseMzantsi Melika. KwiMpuma yePasifiki, zivela kuMazantsi eKhalifoniya ukuya kuMntla weChile.