Ingca yolwandle, Isihluzo saManzi eNdalo

Ingca yolwandle zizityalo zasemanzini ezidubula iintyatyambo ezifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lwelatitudinal. Njengezinye iiplanethi ezisebenza kakuhle nezisebenzayo zokuthinjwa kwekhabhoni, ulondolozo olululo kunye nolawulo lwamadlelo engca yolwandle lubalulekile ukulwa nelahleko yehlabathi yengca yolwandle. Ugcino lwekhabhoni yenye yeenkonzo ezininzi ze-ikhosistim ezibonelelwa ziibhedi zengca yolwandle. Iingca zolwandle zikwabonelela ngomhlaba okhuselweyo weentlobo zentlanzi ezibanjiswa urhwebo kunye nokuzonwabisa, kunye nezilwanyana ezingenamqolo, zisebenza njengesithinteli sesiphango kunxweme oluphuhlileyo nokuphucula umgangatho wamanzi (Umfanekiso 1).

Umzobo 1. Iinkonzo ze-ikhosistim kunye nemisebenzi yeenkqubo zengca yolwandle. Ixabiso lenkcubeko yendawo yokuhlala yengca yolwandle ibandakanya ixabiso elihle lamadlelo engca yolwandle, imisetyenzana yolonwabo efana nokuzingela, ukuloba kunye ne-kayaking kunye nokusetyenziswa kwengca yolwandle evuniweyo kwifula, ibhedi, isichumisi kunye ne-mulch. Ixabiso lolawulo nezoqoqosho lwengca yolwandle libandakanya, kodwa aliphelelanga nje ekusebenzeni njengesithinteli sesiphango kwiindawo eziphuhlileyo ezingaselunxwemeni ngokuthotywa kwamaza, ukubanjwa kwekhabhoni, ukuphuculwa komgangatho wamanzi kunye nokubonelela ngeendawo zokuhlala kwiintlobo zezityalo ezivunwa urhwebo nokuzonwabisa. 

Ngenxa yeemfuno zokukhanya okuphezulu, indawo yengca yolwandle ilinganiselwe ngokuyinxenye kukucaca kwamanzi onxweme. Amanzi amnyama kakhulu athomalalisa okanye avale ukukhanya kwelanga ekufikeleleni kwingca yengca yolwandle, ethintela ifotosynthesis yengca yolwandle. Ukungacaci kakuhle kwamanzi kunokubangela ukubuya kwengca yolwandle, ukucutheka kobungakanani besithuba kumanzi angekho nzulu kwaye ekugqibeleni ilahleko yengca yolwandle.

Umzobo 2. Ukubaluleka kokucaca kwamanzi kwiibhedi ezikhulayo zengca yolwandle. Iphaneli ephezulu ibonisa indlela ukukhanya okuncinane okukwazi ngayo ukwenza indlela yayo kuluhlu lwamanzi (okuboniswa bubuganga botolo olunamachaphaza) xa amanzi emdaka, okanye ebhudlukile. Oku kunokuthintela iphotosynthesis kwaye kubangele ukuba iibhedi zengca yolwandle zihlangane. Iphaneli engezantsi ibonisa indlela okuphuculwe ngayo ukucaca kwamanzi kunokuvumela ukukhanya okungakumbi ukuba kungene kwibhedi yengca yolwandle (eboniswa bubuganga botolo olunamachaphaza). Ukucaca okuphuculweyo kwamanzi kukwathetha ukuba ukukhanya okungaphezulu kunokufikelela kubunzulu obunzulu, oku kunokubangela ukwanda kwengca yolwandle ibe kumanzi anzulu ngokukhula kwezityalo.

Kodwa, iingca zolwandle zikwaziinjineli ze-autogenic ecosystem. Oku kuthetha ukuba baguqula indawo yabo yendalo kwaye baqalise iinkqubo kunye neempendulo ezinokuthi ziqinisekise ukuzingisa kwazo. Ubume bengca yolwandle bucothisa ukuhamba kwamanzi njengoko etyhutyha kwibhedi yengca yolwandle. Amasuntswana axhonyiweyo phakathi komqolo wamanzi ayakwazi ukuhla kwaye ahlale kumgangatho wengca yolwandle. Oku kubanjiswa kwentlenga kunokuphucula ukucaca kwamanzi ngokumisa amasuntswana enza amanzi abe mdaka ngakumbi. Ukukhanya okungakumbi ke kukwazi ukungena kubunzulu.

Kwizixeko ezininzi eziselunxwemeni, amanzi ezolimo, asezidolophini nakwimizi-mveliso ahamba enqumla amachweba ethu phambi kokuba aye kunxweme oluvulekileyo. Amanzi aphuma kwindawo enamanzi ahlala egcwele intlenga kwaye anezondlo ezininzi.

Kwiinkqubo ezininzi, iindawo zokuhlala zemilambo enezityalo ezinje ngamagxobhozo etyuwa kunye neebhedi zengca yolwandle zisebenza njengenkqubo yokuhluza amanzi endalo-apho intlenga kunye namanzi atyebileyo ngezondlo aqukuqela ngaphakathi kwaye amanzi acocekileyo aphuma aphume. Ingca yolwandle iyakwazi ukonyusa i-pH kunye nokuxinana kweoksijini enyibilikileyo emanzini aphezu kwengca yolwandle (Umfanekiso 3). 

Umzobo 3. Indlela ingca yolwandle ivelisa ngayo ioksijini kwaye yandise i-pH yamanzi ajikelezileyo.

Ngoko ingca yolwandle ithatha njani izondlo? Izinga lokuthatha izondlo lixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi; isantya samanzi, zingakanani izondlo ezisemanzini xa zithelekiswa nesityalo kunye nomaleko womda odibeneyo, ophenjelelwa zizo zombini isantya samanzi, intshukumo yamaza kunye nokugxila kwezondlo kunye nokuthambeka ukusuka emanzini ukuya egqabini.

Ke ngoko, kwi #WorldWaterDay sonke masithathe umzuzu wokuxabisa umsebenzi oxakekileyo wengca yolwandle ekuncedeni ukugcina okanye ekudaleni amanzi onxweme acocekileyo esithembele kuwo kokubini ngokwembono yezempilo yoluntu kunye namakhonkco oqoqosho amaninzi axhomekeke kunxweme olusempilweni. Unokufunda ngakumbi malunga neenzuzo zengca yolwandle kwaye utyale ezinye ukuze unciphise indawo yakho yekhabhoni nge-The Ocean Foundation's. Ingca yolwandle iyakhula inkqubo blue carbon offset.